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This document is a user's guide for Wowza Media Server 2 that describes its key features and capabilities. It allows for real-time streaming using various protocols like RTMP, HTTP streaming, and RTP. It also supports features like streaming video and audio, recording, chat and extending the server through modules and HTTPProviders. The guide covers installation, configuration, tutorials and advanced topics to help users set up and administer the Wowza Media Server.

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Wowza Media Server® 2 User’s Guide
Wowza Media Server 2: User’s Guide Version: 2.2.4 Copyright  2006 – 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. http://www.wowzamedia.com ®
Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Third-Party Information This document contains links to third-party websites that are not under the control of Wowza Media Systems, Inc. (“Wowza”) and Wowza is not responsible for the content on any linked site. If you access a third-party website mentioned in this document, then you do so at your own risk. Wowza provides these links only as a convenience, and the inclusion of any link does not imply that Wowza endorses or accepts any responsibility for the content on third-party sites. This document refers to third party software that is not licensed, sold, distributed or otherwise endorsed by Wowza. Please ensure that any and all use of Wowza software and third party software is properly licensed. Trademarks Wowza, Wowza Media Systems, Wowza Media Server and related logos are trademarks of Wowza Media Systems, Inc., and may be registered in the United States or in other jurisdictions including internationally. Adobe and Flash are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated, and may be registered in the United States or in other jurisdictions including internationally. Silverlight is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. QuickTime, iPhone, iPad and iPod are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Apple, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Other product names, logos, designs, titles, words, or phrases mentioned may be trademarks, service marks or trade names of other entities and may be registered in certain jurisdictions including internationally. Third Party Copyright Notices Log4j and Mina: Copyright © 2006 The Apache Software Foundation Java ID3 Tag Library and JLayer 1.0 (classic): Copyright © 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Java Service Wrapper: Copyright © 1999, 2006 Tanuki Software, Inc. Bouncy Castle Crypto API: Copyright © 2000 – 2008, The Legion Of The Bouncy Castle
Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................. 5 Real-Time Messaging Protocol (Adobe Flash Player).......................................................................5 Flash HTTP Streaming (Adobe Flash Player) ...................................................................................6 Apple HTTP Live Streaming (iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, QuickTime and more) ................................7 Microsoft Smooth Streaming (Microsoft Silverlight)...........................................................................7 Real-Time Streaming Protocols (QuickTime, VLC, 3GPP Devices, Set-top Boxes) .........................8 Video and Audio Streaming, Recording and Chat .............................................................................8 Extending the Server .........................................................................................................................9 Adobe Flash Player Features ............................................................................................................9 Server Architecture ............................................................................................................................9 Wowza Media Server 2 Editions......................................................................................................10 Server Installation..................................................................................................... 11 Before Installation ............................................................................................................................11 Installing the Server .........................................................................................................................12 Starting and Stopping the Server.....................................................................................................14 Entering a New Serial Number ........................................................................................................16 Ports Used For Streaming ...............................................................................................................17 Server Configuration and Tuning.....................................................................................................17 Application Configuration ......................................................................................... 20 Applications and Application Instances (Application.xml)................................................................20 URL Formats....................................................................................................................................21 Stream Types...................................................................................................................................22 HTTPStreamers and LiveStreamPacketizers ..................................................................................23 Modules ...........................................................................................................................................24 Properties.........................................................................................................................................24 Media Types ....................................................................................................................................25 Content Storage...............................................................................................................................25 Streaming Tutorials................................................................................................... 27 How to play a video on demand file.................................................................................................27 How to publish and play a live stream (RTMP or RTSP/RTP based encoder)................................27 How to publish and play a live stream (MPEG-TS based encoder).................................................27 How to publish and play a live stream (native RTP encoder with SDP file).....................................28 How to re-stream video from an IP camera .....................................................................................28 How to re-stream audio from SHOUTcast/Icecast...........................................................................28 How to setup video chat application ................................................................................................28 How to setup video recording application........................................................................................28 Advanced Configuration Topics ............................................................................... 29 MediaCasters, Stream Manager and StartupStreams.xml ..............................................................29 Live Stream Repeater (Multiple Server Live Streaming) .................................................................30 Live Stream Recording ....................................................................................................................34 Server-side Publishing (Stream and Publisher classes)..................................................................34 Dynamic Load Balancing .................................................................................................................35 Media Security (SecureToken, authentication and encryption) .......................................................35 Push Publishing ...............................................................................................................................35 MediaCache.....................................................................................................................................35 Adobe Flash Streaming and Scripting...................................................................... 36 Streaming Basics.............................................................................................................................36 Pre-built Media Players....................................................................................................................37 Bi-directional Remote Procedure Calls............................................................................................38 Remote Shared Objects ..................................................................................................................39 Server-side Modules and Extensions ....................................................................... 41 Sever-side Modules .........................................................................................................................41 HTTPProviders ................................................................................................................................42
Built-in Server-side Modules............................................................................................................43 Built-in HTTPProviders ....................................................................................................................46 Extending Wowza Server Using Java....................................................................... 48 Custom Module Classes..................................................................................................................48 HTTPProvider Classes ....................................................................................................................56 Event Listeners ................................................................................................................................57 Server Administration ............................................................................................... 61 Configuring SSL and RTMPS ..........................................................................................................61 Logging ............................................................................................................................................63 Run Server as Named User.............................................................................................................68 Server Management Console and Monitoring .......................................................... 70 Local Management Using JConsole ................................................................................................70 Remote JMX Interface Configuration...............................................................................................71 Remote Management ......................................................................................................................76 Object Overview...............................................................................................................................77 Virtual Hosting .......................................................................................................... 79 Configuration Files...........................................................................................................................79 Typical Configuration .......................................................................................................................80 Examples & AddOn Packages .................................................................................. 84 SimpleVideoStreaming ....................................................................................................................84 LiveVideoStreaming.........................................................................................................................84 VideoChat ........................................................................................................................................85 VideoRecording ...............................................................................................................................85 TextChat ..........................................................................................................................................85 SHOUTcast......................................................................................................................................85 RemoteSharedObjects.....................................................................................................................85 ServerSideModules .........................................................................................................................85 MediaSecurity ..................................................................................................................................86 BWChecker......................................................................................................................................86 LoadBalancer...................................................................................................................................86
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Introduction What is Wowza Media Server 2? owza Media Server 2 is high-performance, extensible and fully interactive media streaming software platform that provides live and on-demand streaming, chat and remote recording capabilities to a wide variety of media player technologies. Wowza Server can deliver content to many popular media players such as Adobe’s® Flash® Player, Microsoft’s Silverlight® player, Apple’s iPhone®, iPad™ and iPod® touch and Apple’s QuickTime® player, among others. Wowza Media Server 2 includes support for many streaming protocols including the Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Microsoft Smooth Streaming, Apple HTTP Live Streaming, Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Flash HTTP Streaming protocol, Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), MPEG2 Transport Streams (MPEG-TS) and more. It is an alternative to the Adobe Flash Media Server products (FMIS and FMSS), Apple Streaming Server (Darwin), Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Services) and other media servers. For the most up to date information, tutorials and tips, visit the support section of http://www.wowzamedia.com at: Support & Forums To get started quickly with Wowza Media Server 2, see the Quick Start Guide included with the Wowza Media Server 2 software installer and also available online at: Quick Start Guide Real-Time Messaging Protocol (Adobe Flash Player) Wowza Media Server 2 communicates with the Adobe Flash player using the Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP). Wowza Server can deliver multi-bitrate live and on-demand media, data and remote procedure call information to and from the Flash player using RTMP. It supports media streaming as well as other features such as: shared objects, video recording, video chat, remote procedure calls and more. Wowza Media Server 2 supports all video and audio formats that the Flash player supports: Chapter 1 W
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Video  H.264  VP6  SorensonSpark  Screen Shared codec Audio  AAC, AAC Low Complexity (AAC LC), AAC High Efficiency v1 and v2 (HE-AAC)  MP3  Speex  NellyMoser ASAO Wowza Server supports five variants of the protocol: RTMP, RTMPE (encrypted RTMP), RTMPT (tunneling), RTMPTE (encrypted RTMPT) and RTMPS (RTMPT over SSL). RTMP is the base protocol and is the most efficient and fastest of the five variants. RTMPT is a tunneling variant of the RTMP protocol that can be used to tunnel through firewalls that employ stateful packet inspection. RTMPE and RTMPTE are encrypted variants of the RTMP and RTMPT protocols that secure the data being transmitted between the Flash player and Wowza Media Server. Wowza Server includes bi-directional support for Action Message Format (AMF) AMF3 and AMF0 for data serialization (AMF3 was introduced in Flash Player 9 and ActionScript 3.0). Flash HTTP Streaming (Adobe Flash Player) Wowza Media Server 2 can stream multi-bitrate live and video on demand content to Flash player 10.1 or greater using the Flash HTTP Streaming protocol. Flash HTTP Streaming is a chunk based streaming protocol that uses HTTP for delivery. All media chunking and packaging necessary to deliver a stream using this protocol is performed by Wowza Server. Flash HTTP Streaming is referred to in the Wowza Server documentation and configuration files as San Jose Streaming. When streaming video on demand content, Wowza Server supports MP4 files (QuickTime container) and MP3 files (FLV files are not supported at this time). As of the writing of this document Wowza Server supports the following video and audio codecs when using this streaming protocol: Video  H.264  VP6 (live only)  SorensonSpark (live only)  Screen Shared codec (live only)
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Audio  AAC, AAC Low Complexity (AAC LC), AAC High Efficiency v1 and v2 (HE-AAC)  MP3  Speex (live only)  NellyMoser ASAO (live only) Apple HTTP Live Streaming (iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, QuickTime and more) Wowza Media Server 2 can stream multi-bitrate live and video on demand H.264, AAC and MP3 content to iOS based devices ( iPhone/iPad/iPod touch iOS version 3.0 or greater), QuickTime player (version 10 or greater), Safari browser (version 4.0 or greater) and other devices such as the Roku set-top box using the Apple HTTP Live Streaming protocol. Apple HTTP Live Streaming is a chunk based streaming protocol that uses HTTP for delivery. All media chunking and packaging necessary to deliver a stream using this protocol is performed by Wowza Server. Wowza Server supports the encrypted version of the Apple HTTP Live Streaming protocol which uses a 128-bit version of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-128). Apple HTTP Live Streaming is referred to in the Wowza Server documentation and configuration files as Cupertino Streaming. As of the writing of this document the iPhone, iPad and iPod touch devices support the following media formats: Video  H.264 Audio  AAC, AAC Low Complexity (AAC LC), High Efficiency AAC v1 (HE-AAC)  MP3 Microsoft Smooth Streaming (Microsoft Silverlight) Wowza Media Server 2 can stream multi-bitrate live and video on demand H.264, AAC and MP3 content to the Microsoft Silverlight player, Windows Phone 7 devices and other devices using the Smooth Streaming protocol. Microsoft Silverlight is a cross-browser, cross-platform technology that exists on many personal computing devices. Smooth Streaming is a chunk based streaming protocol that uses HTTP for delivery. All media chunking and packaging necessary to deliver a stream using this protocol is performed by Wowza Server so there is no need for an IIS 7 server. The following media formats can be used when streaming to the Silverlight player using Wowza Server: Video  H.264
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Audio  AAC, AAC Low Complexity (AAC LC), AAC High Efficiency v1 and v2 (HE-AAC)  MP3 Real-Time Streaming Protocols (QuickTime, VLC, 3GPP Devices, Set-top Boxes) Wowza Media Server 2 can stream live H.264, AAC and MP3 content to players and devices that support the Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and MPEG2 Transport Stream protocol (MPEG-TS). This includes players and devices such as QuickTime Player, VideoLAN VLC player, set-top boxes and 3GPP devices. Wowza Server can also accept incoming streams from encoding devices that use these same protocols. Wowza Server supports RTP and MPEG-TS in and out over UDP as well as Multicast. In addition, Wowza Server supports interleaved RTSP/RTP (RTP over the RTSP TCP connection) and RTSP/RTP tunneling (RTSP/RTP over HTTP) which enables RTSP/RTP to be delivered in network environments that do not allow UDP transmission. Wowza Server supports the following RTSP, RTP and MPEG-TS specifications: RTSP rfc2326 RTP: H.264 rfc3984, QuickTime Generic RTP Payload Format RTP: AAC rfc3640, rfc3016, ISO/IEC 14496-3 RTP: MP3 rfc2250 RTP: Speex rfc5574 MPEG-TS ISO/IEC 13818-1 MPEG-TS over RTP rfc2038 Video and Audio Streaming, Recording and Chat Wowza Media Server 2 can stream live and video on demand content to many different player technologies. Wowza Media Server 2 supports the following video on demand file formats: FLV (Flash Video - .flv), MP4 (QuickTime container - .mp4, .f4v, .mov, .m4v, .mp4a, .3gp, and .3g2) and MP3 content (.mp3). Wowza Server can accept live video and audio streams from encoders that support the following protocols; RTMP, RTSP/RTP, native RTP and MPEG-TS. Wowza Server can record any incoming live stream to either the Flash Video (FLV) or MP4 (QuickTime container) format. Wowza Media Server 2 can be used to re-stream SHOUTcast and Icecast (MP3, AAC and AAC+) audio streams as well as IP Camera streams (H.264, AAC and MP3) to the supported player technologies. Wowza Server will maintain a single connection back to the original source stream while delivering the stream to multiple players. Wowza Server is also able to forward the embedded SHOUTcast and Icecast metadata such as song title and artist to the Adobe Flash player client as metadata. The SHOUTcast example that ships with Wowza Server illustrates these capabilities.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Wowza Media Server 2 can deliver two-way video, audio and text chat to the Adobe Flash player. This feature can be leveraged to deliver video conferencing applications or two-way messaging applications. Extending the Server Wowza Media Server 2 is built using Java technology. The server can be extended by writing custom Java classes that are dynamically loaded at runtime. Server extensions (also referred to as modules) run at the full speed of the server. The server includes a rich API to interact with and control the streaming process. Wowza Server ships with several example server extensions. See the chapter Extending Wowza Server Using Java for more detailed information and the support section of http://www.wowzamedia.com for code examples. Adobe Flash Player Features Wowza Media Server 2 includes support for two Adobe Flash specific features; Remote Shared Objects (RSO) and bi-directional remote procedure calls. Remote Shared Objects are an extension of ActionScript objects that enables the synchronization of shared object data between Flash players on the same or different client machines. Shared data is synchronized by the Wowza Server server through an event based synchronization method. RSO’s can also be persisted on the server to maintain data across sessions. Bi-directional remote procedures calls are a way for ActionScript code running in the Flash player to invoke methods and pass data to Wowza Server. Wowza Server can in turn invoke methods and pass data to the Flash player. This enables rich client/server applications to be built using the Flash player and Wowza Server. These features are available when using the RTMP protocol. Server Architecture Wowza Media Server 2 is a pure Java server. It is written in Java and can be extended dynamically using custom Java classes. Wowza Server can be deployed in any environment that supports the Java 6 virtual machine or later. Wowza Server is fully 64-bit compliant. It is architected to be highly multi-threaded and can take full advantage of multi-core hardware. All logging is done using the log4j logging component and utilizes the W3C Extended Common Log Format (ECLF). Wowza Media Server 2 was architected from the ground up to handle multiple streaming protocols. The server side API is designed to make it easy to control the streaming process of each of the supported streaming protocols and player technologies. Streaming is controlled through the creation and configuration of a streaming application. A single application can be configured to simultaneously deliver live or video on demand content to multiple player technologies. Wowza Media Server 2 includes the ability to share a single server using a virtual hosting configuration. Virtual hosts can be configured with their own system resource and streaming limitations.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Wowza Media Server 2 Editions Wowza Media Server 2 comes in five editions: Developer, Evaluation, Software Subscription, Perpetual and Wowza Media Server 2 for Amazon EC2. Developer edition The Developer and the Subscription/Perpetual editions differ only in the number of concurrent connections the server can handle (10 and unlimited respectively), streaming time duration limits on selected protocols (limited and unlimited respectively), and licensing rights (see the Wowza EULA for more information); all other functionality is exactly the same Evaluation edition The Evaluation edition provides the same functionality as the Subscription/Perpetual editions but is limited to 30 days of use and other restrictions apply as described in the Evaluation EULA Addendum Subscription and Perpetual editions Subscription and Perpetual editions differ only by licensing terms (see the Wowza EULA for more information); all other functionality is exactly the same. Wowza Media Server 2 for Amazon EC2 edition The Wowza Media Server 2 for Amazon EC2 edition provides the same functionality as the Subscription/Perpetual editions but under different licensing terms (see the Wowza EULA and the Wowza Media Server 2 for Amazon EC2 EULA, respectively, for more information). The Wowza Media Server 2 for Amazon EC2 edition is a pre-configured version of Wowza Media Server 2 running in the Amazon Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2) environment (see the following web page for more information: http://www.wowzamedia.com/ec2.php).
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Server Installation How do I install Wowza Media Server 2? owza Media Server 2 is a small and powerful Java server. Below are the instructions needed to choose the correct version of Java and install and run Wowza Server. Before Installation Wowza Media Server 2 is a Java 6 (aka 1.6) application. To run, it requires the installation of a Java 6 or greater runtime environment (JRE). To develop server side applications, a Java Development Kit (JDK) version 6 or later is required. The server also implements a Java Management Extensions (JMX) interface that can be used to manage and monitor the server. One of the more popular JMX consoles is JConsole, which ships with the JDK. So what does this all mean? If you are developing server side applications or are going to monitor a local or remote Wowza Server, you need to install Java Development Kit version 6 (aka 1.6) or greater. If you are simply deploying Wowza Server for production use, then you need only install a Java runtime environment version 6 (aka 1.6) or greater. We recommend installing the most recent version of the Java JDK or JRE for your platform. Note We suggest that you deploy Wowza Media Server 2 under the most recent version of either the Java Development Kit (JDK) or Java Runtime Environment (JRE) available on your platform. On the Windows platform the Java Runtime Environment does not include the server runtime environment (which is explained in the tuning instructions). This environment is included with the Java Development Kit. For this reason when running on Windows, we suggest installing the JDK. Once you have your Java environment installed and configured, you can validate that it is correct by opening a command prompt (command shell) and entering the command java –version. If correctly installed and configured, it will return a version number that is equal to or greater than 1.6. Chapter 2 W
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Note The Support section of the Wowza Media Systems website contains additional information and links to help with obtaining the correct Java environment and tools for your platform. You can visit this site at: http://www.wowzamedia.com/forums. Note Wowza Media Server 2 on the Windows platform uses the JAVA_HOME environment variable to determine the location of the Java environment under which to run. If you have problems starting Wowza Server on Windows, double check to be sure the JAVA_HOME variable is pointing to a Java 6 (aka 1.6) or greater Java environment. When making changes or upgrades to your Java environment that may affect the installation path, be sure to update the JAVA_HOME variable to point to the new location. The JAVA_HOME variable should point to the base folder of the Java installation. This is the folder that contains the bin folder. Installing the Server On the Windows and Mac OS X platforms Wowza Media Server 2 is installed using an installer. On Linux, Solaris and other Unix based platforms, the software is installed using a self extracting binary installer. These are available for download at: http://www.wowzamedia.com/store.html Windows To install Wowza Media Server 2 on Windows, double-click the installer file and follow the instructions on the screen. During the installation process you will be asked to enter the product serial number. You cannot proceed with the installation until you have entered a valid serial number. There is information below on how to change your serial number if you need to upgrade your server license. Files will be installed to the following location: /Program Files (x86)/Wowza Media Systems/Wowza Media Server 2.2.4 - Here you will find documentation server application files and folders, bin, conf, content, examples, lib and logs To uninstall, choose Uninstall Wowza Media Server from the Start>Programs>Wowza Media Server 2.2.4 menu. Mac OS X To install Wowza Media Server 2 on Mac OS X, mount the disk image (double-click .dmg) file, double-click the installer package (.pkg) file and follow the instructions on the screen. Files will be installed to the following locations.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 /Applications/Wowza Media Server 2.2.4 - server startup/shutdown scripts & documentation /Library/WowzaMediaServer - server application files and folders: applications, bin, conf, content, examples, lib and logs /Library/LaunchDaemons - background service script com.wowza.WowzaMediaServer.plist /Library/Receipts - installer receipt file WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4- preview7.pkg The first time you run the server in standalone mode you will be asked to enter your serial number. The serial number is stored in the file /Library/WowzaMediaServer/conf/ Server.license. There is information below on how to change your serial number if you need to upgrade your server license. To uninstall, throw the following folders and files into the trash. folder: /Applications/Wowza Media Server 2.2.4 folder: /Library/WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 symlink: /Library/WowzaMediaServer file: /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.wowza.WowzaMediaServer.plist file: /Library/Receipts/WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.pkg Linux To install on Linux systems follow the steps below: Red Hat Package Manager Systems sudo chmod +x WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.rpm.bin sudo ./WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.rpm.bin To uninstall: sudo rpm –e WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 Debian Package Manager Systems sudo chmod +x WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.deb.bin sudo ./WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.deb.bin To uninstall: sudo dpkg –-purge wowzamediaserver You will be asked to agree to the End User License Agreement. The package manager will extract and install the files in the /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 directory. The server will be installed as the root user. The first time you run the server in standalone mode you will be asked to enter your serial number. The serial number is stored in the file
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/conf/Server.license. There is information below on how to change your serial number if you need to upgrade your server license. Other Linux and Unix Systems To install the server on other Linux and Unix based systems, such as Solaris, open a terminal window. Download WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.tar.bin to any directory, and execute the self extracting installer: sudo chmod +x WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.tar.bin sudo ./WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.tar.bin You will be asked to agree to the End User License Agreement. The self-extracting installer will install the files in the /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 directory. The server will be installed as the root user. The first time you run the server in standalone mode you will be asked to enter your serial number. The serial number is stored in the file /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/conf/Server.license. There is information below on how to change your serial number if you need to upgrade your server license. To uninstall: cd /usr/local rm –rf WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 Starting and Stopping the Server Windows: Standalone On Windows, Wowza Media Server 2 can be started in standalone mode from the Start menu: All Programs>Wowza Media Server 2.2.4>Wowza Startup/Shutdown. The server can also be started from a DOS command prompt. To do this, open a DOS command prompt and execute the following commands: cd %WMSAPP_HOME%bin startup.bat Windows: Service To start the server as a Windows service, from the Windows Start menu, enter Services into the search field. A list of search results will be displayed - select Services from the results. Scroll down the list until you locate the Wowza Media Server entry. Next, right click on the entry and select Start from the context menu. To stop the server select Stop from the same context menu. To configure the service to run each time Windows restarts, select Properties from the right click context menu, set Startup type to Automatic and click the OK button to close the dialog.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Note By default the Windows service is running under the Local System Account. This can limit how Wowza Media Server 2 can interact with the underlying operating system. For example you might not be able to connect to Wowza Server using JConsole/JMX or you may have issues streaming content from UNC paths. To address these issues, modify the service to run as a named user in the Log On tab of the service properties dialog. Mac OSX: Standalone On Mac OS X the server can be started in standalone mode either by invoking it from the Server Startup script in /Applications/Wowza Media Server 2.2.4 or by opening a Terminal window and entering the following commands: cd /Library/WowzaMediaServer/bin ./startup.sh Mac OSX: Service To start the server as a Mac OS X launchd service, open a Terminal window and enter: sudo launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.wowza.WowzaMediaServer.plist To stop the service, enter: sudo launchctl unload -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.wowza.WowzaMediaServer.plist Linux: Standalone To start the server in standalone mode on Linux, open a command shell then enter the following commands: cd /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/bin ./startup.sh To stop the server enter: ./shutdown.sh Linux: Service To start the server as a Linux service, open a command prompt and enter one of these two commands (it differs based on your Linux distribution):
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 /sbin/service WowzaMediaServer start or /etc/init.d/WowzaMediaServer start To stop the service, enter one of these two commands: /sbin/service WowzaMediaServer stop or /etc/init.d/WowzaMediaServer stop Note The method of running init.d based services may be different on different Linux distributions. Please consult your Linux manual if these instructions do not apply to your Linux distribution. Note The Linux services script subsystem does not use the full $PATH definition to determine the location of Linux commands. It uses what is known as the init path. This can lead to an issue on Linux distributions where the default installation location for Java cannot be found by applying the init path. See this support article for more information: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=tipsJavaInstall Entering a New Serial Number Wowza Media Server 2 stores serial number information in the following file (on each of the platforms): %WMSCONFIG_HOME%confServer.license - Windows /Library/WowzaMediaServer/conf/Server.license - Mac OS X /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/conf/Server.license - Linux/Unix To change the serial number, edit this file using a text editor and enter the new serial number. Upon next launch of the standalone server, the last four digits of the serial number will be displayed in the console window.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Ports Used For Streaming Before streaming with Wowza Media Server 2, it is important that you open the following ports on your firewall. The table below represents the defaults ports Wowza Server uses for streaming. All of these port numbers are configurable through the configuration files described later in this document. TCP 1935 RTMP/RTMPT/RTMPE/RTSP-interleaved Streaming UDP 6970-9999 RTP UDP Streaming TCP 8084-8085 JMX/JConsole Monitoring and Administration TCP 8086 Administration By default Wowza Media Server 2 is configured to only use TCP port 1935 for streaming. You may want to configure additional ports for streaming such as TCP port 80 for HTTP or RTMPT or TCP port 554 for RTSP streaming. To add an additional port using a text editor, edit [install- dir]/conf/VHost.xml and duplicate the <HostPort> entry for port 1935 (be sure to get the entire XML section starting with <HostPort> and ending with </HostPort>) and change the <Port> value to the desired port. Wowza Server cannot share ports with other programs or services. So be sure there are no other programs or services running that share the added ports. Below is a table of common ports used for streaming: TCP 80 RTMPT, Smooth Streaming, Cupertino Streaming, San Jose Streaming TCP 443 RTMPS TCP 554 RTSP Server Configuration and Tuning Wowza Media Server 2 is configured through a set of XML, configuration and properties files in the [install-dir]/conf folder. These configuration files are read during server startup. The configuration files can be directly edited using a standard text editor. Below is a brief explanation of each of the configuration files: Server Configuration Files Server.xml - General Server configuration VHosts.xml - Define virtual hosts log4j.properties - Logging configuration Virtual Host Configuration Files Authentication.xml - RTSP and HTTP authentication configuration HTTPStreamers.xml - Cupertino, Smooth and San Jose Streaming configuration LiveStreamPacketizers.xml - HTTP packetization configuration MediaCasters.xml - MediaCaster (SHOUTcast, Live Repeater…) configuration MediaReaders.xml - File format reader configuration MediaWriters.xml - File format writer configuration MP3Tags.xml - MP3 ID3 tag naming RTP.xml - RTP and MPEG-TS packetization configuration
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 StartupStreams.xml - Streams started at virtual host startup Streams.xml - Stream type configuration VHost.xml - Virtual host configuration Application Configuration Files Application.xml - Application configuration The Configuration Reference document that accompanies this User’s Guide contains detail information on each of these configuration files. The settings associated with the Java runtime environment, such as the command used to invoke Java and the maximum Java heap size, are controlled through a set of scripts and configuration files. The location of these files differs depending on platform and the method used to invoke the server. Below is a description of each of these files. bin setenv.bat (Windows) The binsetenv.bat is invoked when the server is started from the command line. The most important settings in this file are: set _EXECJAVA=java # Command used to invoke java set JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx768M" # Command line options for java command binWowzaMediaServer-Service.conf (Windows) The binWowzaMediaServer-Service.conf is the configuration file used when the server is invoked as a Windows service. The most important settings in this file are: wrapper.java.command=java # Command used to invoke java wrapper.java.initmemory=3 # Initial Java Heap Size (in MB) wrapper.java.maxmemory=768 # Maximum Java Heap Size (in MB) /Library/WowzaMediaServer/bin/setenv.sh (Mac OS X) The bin/setenv.sh is invoked when the server is started in standalone and service mode. The most important settings in this file are: _EXECJAVA=java # Command used to invoke java JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx768M" # Command line options for java command /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/bin/setenv.sh (Linux) The bin/setenv.sh is invoked when the server is started in standalone mode. The most important settings in this file are:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 _EXECJAVA=java # Command used to invoke java JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx768M" # Command line options for java command Note It is very import that Wowza Server be tuned properly so that it can take best advantage of the available hardware resources. The default tuning of the server is sufficient for application development, but it not ideal for productions use. Without proper tuning, the server under medium to heavy load will run out of resources and will stop working properly. See the General Tuning Guide support article online at: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=performanceGeneralTuning
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Application Configuration How do I create and configure an application for streaming? ll streaming in Wowza Media Server 2 is controlled through the creation and configuration of an application. An application is defined simply by creating a folder in the [install- dir]/applications folder. For example, to create a new application named myapplication, create the folder: [install-dir]/applications/myapplication A single application can be configured to deliver a live or video on demand stream to the Adobe Flash player, the Silverlight player, an Apple iOS devices (iPhone, iPad or iPod touch, Roku set- top box) and an RTSP/RTP based player at the same time. The Quick Start Guide contains basic tutorials with the step by step instructions on how to configure an application for the more common streaming tasks. The remainder of this chapter will cover the details of application configuration. For more detailed configuration information see the Configuration Reference document that accompanies this document. Applications and Application Instances (Application.xml) As seen above, an application is created by creating a named folder in [install-dir]/application. The name of the application is the name of the folder. An Application.xml file defines the configuration for a given application. An application instance is an instantiation of an application and provides a name space and context for streaming. An application instance is started dynamically and a single application may have multiple named application instances all running at the same time. If no name is specified for an application instance then the default name _definst_ is used. In many streaming scenarios, a single application instance is used per- application and the name is never referenced and defaults to _definst_. Multiple application instances are more commonly used in video chat and video conferencing scenarios where you need to create multiple rooms for streaming. In this case, an application instance is used to separate streaming into rooms. Each room is a separate application instance and provides separation and a name space for each room. Application configuration is defined in an Application.xml file. When an application instance is loaded, it looks in the following two locations for an Application.xml file (where [application] is the application name): Chapter 3 A
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 [install-dir]/conf/[application]/Application.xml [install-dir]/conf/Application.xml The first Application.xml file located will be used. Note It is a common mistake to put the Application.xml file in the [install- dir]/applications/[appplication] folder. All configuration files for Wowza Server and its applications should be located in the [install-dir]/conf folder. URL Formats All streaming in Wowza Server is initiated with a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The application and application instance names are specified as part of the streaming URL. The URL format used for streaming whether it be for the Flash player, Silverlight, RTSP/RTP or the iPhone all follow a similar format: [protocol]://[address]:[port]/[application]/[appInstance]/[streamName]/[post-fix] Where: [protocol]: - streaming protocol (rtmp, rtsp, http …) [address]: - address of the server running Wowza Server [port]: - port number to use for streaming (1935 is the default) [application] - application name [appInstance] - application instance name [streamName] - stream name and prefix [post-fix] - option information specific to player technology In most streaming scenarios, if the stream name does not contain any path elements and the default application instance name is to be used, the URL can be shortened to: [protocol]://[address]:[port]/[application]/[streamName] Below are example URLs for the different player technologies. This example assumes we are streaming the live video with the stream name myStream using the application name live. Adobe Flash Player (RTMP): Server: rtmp://mycompany.com/live Stream: myStream Adobe Flash Player (Flash HTTP – San Jose Streaming): http://mycompany.com:1935/live/myStream/manifest.f4m Apple iPhone, iPad or iPod touch (Cupertino Streaming): http://mycompany.com:1935/live/myStream/playlist.m3u8 Microsoft Silverlight (Smooth Streaming): http://mycompany.com:1935/live/myStream/Manifest RTSP/RTP: rtsp://mycompany.com:1935/live/myStream
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Now is probably a good time to take a quick look at the default Application.xml file. Use a text editor to edit the default Application.xml file. The rest of this chapter covers the more commonly configured items in this file. Stream Types Wowza Media Server 2 uses named stream types to control the different types of streaming (live, video on demand, chat, remote recording…). Stream types are configured using the Streams/StreamType property in Application.xml. Stream types are defined in [install- dir]/conf/Streams.xml. Below is a list of the stream types and their uses: Stream Type Use default Video on demand file Video on demand record Video recording live Publish and play live video content (best for one-to-many streaming of live events) live-lowlatency Publish and play live video content (best for one-to-one or one-to-few video/audio chat applications) live-record Same as live in addition content will be recorded live-record-lowlatency Same as live-lowlatency in addition content will be recorded shoutcast Audio re-streaming of a SHOUTcast/Icecast MP3 or AAC+ audio stream shoutcast-record Same as shoutcast in addition content will be recorded liverepeater-origin Publish and play live video content across multiple Wowza Media Server servers in an origin/edge configuration (use to configure origin application) liverepeater-origin-record Same as liverepeater-origin in addition content will be recorded liverepeater-edge Publish and play live video content across multiple Wowza Servers in an origin/edge configuration (use to configure edge application) liverepeater-edge-lowlatency Publish and play live video content across multiple Wowza Servers in an origin/edge configuration (use to configure edge application when latency is important) liverepeater-edge-origin Publish and play live video content across multiple Wowza Servers in an origin/edge/edge configuration (use to configure an middle-edge application) rtp-live Re-streaming of an RTSP/RTP, native RTP or MPEG-TS stream rtp-live-lowlatency Re-streaming of an RTSP/RTP, native RTP or MPEG-TS stream when latency is important) rtp-live-record Same as rtp-live in addition content will be recorded rtp-live-record-lowlatency Same as rtp-live-lowlatency in addition content will be recorded
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Each stream type exposes properties that are used for tuning of the stream type. For example, the stream type definition for live and live-lowlatency only differ in the tuning which is accomplished through the stream properties. Properties defined in [install- dir]/conf/Streams.xml for a given stream type can be overridden on a per-application basis by defining new values in the Streams/Properties container in Application.xml. For example, to change the flushInterval of the live-lowlatency stream type the <Streams> section of the Application.xml should look like this: <Streams> <StreamType>live-lowlatency</StreamType> <StorageDir>${com.wowza.wms.context.VHostConfigHome}/content</StorageDir> <KeyDir>${com.wowza.wms.context.VHostConfigHome}/keys</KeyDir> <LiveStreamPacketizers></LiveStreamPacketizers> <Properties> <Property> <Name>flushInterval</Name> <Value>30</Value> <Type>Integer</Type> </Property> </Properties> </Streams> HTTPStreamers and LiveStreamPacketizers The <HTTPStreamers> setting in Application.xml controls if the streams in the defined application (live or video on demand) are made available for playback to the iPhone/iPad/iPod touch and Microsoft Silverlight players. HTTPStreamers can contain none, one or more the following values (separated by commas): cupertinostreaming, smoothstreaming, sanjosestreaming. If the cupertinostreaming value is present then the stream is available for playback by the iPhone, iPad and iPod touch (as well as with an appropriate version of QuickTime/Safari on Mac OS). If the smoothstreaming is present then the stream is available for playback by Microsoft Silverlight. The <LiveStreamPacketizers> setting works in a similar fashion but only applies to live streams. It controls how live streams are packetized for delivery to the the HTTP streaming technologies. LiveStreamPacketizers can contain none, one or more of the following values (separated by commas): LiveStreamPacketizers Description cupertinostreamingpacketizer Cupertino: iPhone, iPad and iPod touch smoothstreamingpacketizer Smooth: Microsoft Silverlight sanjosestreamingpacketizer San Jose: Flash HTTP cupertinostreamingrepeater Cupertino: Live stream repeater for iPhone/iPad/iPod touch smoothstreamingrepeater Smooth: Live stream repeater for Microsoft Silverlight sanjosestreamingrepeater San Jose: Live stream repeater for Flash HTTP You would set the packetizer with a repeater value when using the server in an Origin/Edge configuration. This is described later in this document in the section titled Live Stream Repeater (Multiple Server Live Streaming).
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Modules Modules are Java classes that are loaded dynamically when an application instance is loaded and provide an application’s functionality. In Application.xml, the <Modules> list defines an order dependent list of the modules to be loaded for a given application. Many AddOn Packages provide additional functionality through the use of modules. The details of modules are discussed in the Server-side Modules chapter. A basic module definition looks like this: <Module> <Name>base</Name> <Description>Base</Description> <Class>com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleCore</Class> </Module> Each module must have a unique name. The <Description> information is for providing a detailed description of the module and is not used in any operations. The <Class> item is the full path to the Java class that is providing the module’s functionality. In general new modules are always added to the end of the <Modules> list. The Java class that makes up a server-side module is most often bound into a .jar file that is copied to the [install-dir]/lib folder. The Wowza Server comes with many modules that can be added to the <Modules> list to provide additional functionality. See the Built-in Modules section for a complete list. You can also use the Wowza IDE to develop your own custom modules to provide additional functionality. See the Extending Wowza Server Using Java chapter for more information. Note The Wowza Integrated Development Environment (Wowza IDE) is a free tool available for download at: http://www.wowzamedia.com/ide.html Properties The default Application.xml file contains several different <Properties> containers that can be used to add or override property values within Wowza Server. Properties are a list of name/value pairs that provide a means for tuning and modifying the default configuration of the Wowza Server. Properties can also be used server-side as a means to pass data to custom modules from Application.xml. You will see in this document, the support section of http://www.wowzamedia.com and the Quick Start Guide references to individual properties. There currently is not a comprehensive document that lists all the available properties. A property definition has the following form:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 <Property> <Name>[name]</Name> <Value>[value]</Value> <Type>[type]</Type> </Property> Where <Name> is the property name, <Value> is the property value and <Type> is the property type. Valid property types are: String, Integer, Boolean, Double and Long. It is important when tuning the server to be sure to add properties to the correct container. The instructions for tuning will always specify which <Properties> container a property should be added to for tuning. Media Types Media types are not configured in Application.xml but are an important part of streaming. Wowza Media Server 2 supports many different media types. Wowza Server can read the following media or file types: FLV (Flash Video - .flv), MP4 (QuickTime container - .mp4, .f4v, .mov, .m4v, .mp4a, .3gp, .3g2 …), MP3 content (.mp3) and SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language - .smil). Media types are specified through a prefix to the stream name. For example to play the MP4 file mycoolvideo.mov use the stream name mp4:mycoolvideo.mov where mp4: is the media type prefix. The default media type prefix if none is specified is flv:. Below is the table of the supported media type prefixes: Media type prefix Description flv: Flash Video (default if no prefix specified) mp4: QuickTime container mp3: MP3 file id3: MP3 file (return only ID3 tag information) smil: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language The media type prefix is also used to control the file container used to record live video. If when publishing video the media type prefix mp4: is specified, then the content will be recorded to an MP4 (QuickTime) container. If the media type prefix flv: or no prefix is specified an FLV or Flash Video container fill be used. Only H.264, AAC and MP3 content can be recorded to an MP4 container. Content Storage By default Wowza Media Server 2 is setup to stream video on demand content and record to the [install-dir]/content folder. You can easily change this behavior by editing an application’s Application.xml file and changing the value of Streams/StorageDir. For example to setup an Application to use an application specific content folder you might change this value to: ${com.wowza.wms.context.VHostConfigHome}/applications/ ${com.wowza.wms.context.Application}/content
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Using this setting content will be streamed from the [install- dir]/applications/[application]/content folder where [application] is the application’s name. The Streams/StorageDir field supports the following variables: ${com.wowza.wms.AppHome} - Application home directory ${com.wowza.wms.ConfigHome} - Configuration home directory ${com.wowza.wms.context.VHost} - Virtual host name ${com.wowza.wms.context.VHostConfigHome} - Virtual host config directory ${com.wowza.wms.context.Application} - Application name ${com.wowza.wms.context.ApplicationInstance} - Application instance name
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 Streaming Tutorials Where do I get step-by-step instructions? he support section of the Wowza Media Systems site contains tutorials that include step by step instructions for common streaming scenarios. These instructions cover how to setup up streaming to the common player technologies such as the Flash player, Silverlight player, iOS devices and mobile devices. Below is a brief description of each of the streaming scenarios with a link to the online tutorial: How to play a video on demand file This tutorial describes how to stream video on demand files. How to play a video on demand file How to publish and play a live stream (RTMP or RTSP/RTP based encoder) This tutorial describes how to publish and play a live stream when using an encoder that supports either the Real-time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) or the RTSP Announce Method. Examples of encoders that support RTMP publishing are: Telestream Wirecast, On2 Flix Live and Orban Opticodec. Examples of encoders that support the RTSP Announce Method are: Telestream Wirecast and QuickTime Broadcaster. How to publish and play a live stream (RTMP or RTSP/RTP based encoder) How to publish and play a live stream (MPEG-TS based encoder) This tutorial describes how to publish and play a live stream when using an encoder that supports MPEG2 Transport Streams (MPEG-TS). Examples of encoder vendors that sell products that support MPEG-TS publishing are: HaiVision, Digital Rapids and ViewCast. How to publish and play a live stream (MPEG-TS based encoder) Chapter 4 T
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 How to publish and play a live stream (native RTP encoder with SDP file) This tutorial describes how to publish and play a live stream when using an encoder that supports Real-time Transport Protocol (native RTP). Examples of encoder vendors that sell products that support native RTP publishing are: HaiVision, Digital Rapids, ViewCast and Telestream. How to publish and play a live stream (native RTP encoder with SDP file) How to re-stream video from an IP camera This tutorial describes how to re-stream and play a live stream from an IP camera. How to re-stream video from an IP camera How to re-stream audio from SHOUTcast/Icecast This tutorial describes how to re-stream and play a live SHOUTcast or Icecast audio stream. How to re-stream audio from SHOUTcast/Icecast How to setup video chat application This tutorial describes how to setup an application for video chat using the Adobe Flash player. How to setup video chat application How to setup video recording application This tutorial describes how to setup an application for video recording using the Adobe Flash player. How to setup video recording application
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 Advanced Configuration Topics How do I take advantage of Wowza Server’s features? his chapter covers more advanced streaming topics. Some of the functionality discussed is provided by AddOn Packages. AddOn Packages are downloadable packages that include server extensions along with documentation for adding more advanced features to Wowza Media Server 2. Because of this several of these advanced topics will include a brief overview with a link to the AddOn Package. A list of available AddOn packages can be found here: AddOn Packages MediaCasters, Stream Manager and StartupStreams.xml Wowza Media Server 2 includes a system for re-streaming called MediaCaster. The MediaCaster system is used for re-streaming IP Camera streams (RTSP/RTP streams), SHOUTcast/Icecast streams and native RTP encoders. The MediaCaster system pulls a stream from a stream source and makes it available for streaming to the different player technologies supported by Wowza Server. This system works on demand - when the first request comes in for a given stream a connection is made to the source stream and the stream is made available to the player. When the last viewer of the stream stops watching a given stream the MediaCaster system waits for a timeout period. If no other players request the stream, then the stream is stopped and the stream is no longer available for streaming until another request comes in for the streams. This methodology works great for the Adobe Flash player (RTMP) and RTSP/RTP streaming where there is no need for advanced packetization. For HTTP Streamers such as Cupertino, Smooth Streaming and Flash HTTP streaming the pull model does not work. The iOS devices require about 30 seconds of video to be pre-packetized before they can begin playback. Microsoft Silverlight requires three times the key frame duration. For this reason it is necessary to start the stream prior to the stream being ready for streaming to these player technologies. There are two methodologies for starting a stream that uses the MediaCaster system and keeping it running; Stream Manager and the StartupStreams.xml. The Stream Manager is a web based tool for starting and stopping MediaCaster streams on the fly that is built into Wowza Media Server 2. To startup the Stream Manager do the following: Chapter 5 T
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 1. Edit [install-dir]/conf/admin.password and enter a new line with a username and password. For example to add the username myuser with the password mypassword the contents of this file should look like: # Admin password file (format [username][space][password]) #username password myuser mypassword 2. Open a web browser and enter the URL: http://[wowza-ip-address]:8086/streammanager To start a stream, click on the [start-receiving-stream] link under the application to which you want to startup the stream, select the MediaCaster type, type in the stream name and click, OK. To stop a stream, click the [stop-receiving-stream] link next to stream name. You can reset a stream by clicking on the [reset-receiving-stream] link. The second method for starting MediaCaster streams is using the StartupStreams.xml file. Stream entries in this file are automatically started when the server is started (or more specifically when a virtual host is started). The StartupStreams.xml is a list of application, media caster types and stream names. The format of a single entry is: <StartupStream> <Application>live</Application> <MediaCasterType>rtp</MediaCasterType> <StreamName>rtsp://192.168.1.7:554/mycoolstream.sdp</Str eamName> </StartupStream> There are also several server-side methods that can be used to start and stop streams using the MediaCaster system. See the server-side API documentation for the following two methods: IApplicationInstance.startMediaCasterStream(…); IApplicationInstance.stopMediaCasterStreams(…); Live Stream Repeater (Multiple Server Live Streaming) The following example illustrates a suggested configuration and implementation for delivering a live media event across multiple Wowza Media Server 2 servers. We will walk through the configuration and deployment of the live stream repeater. The live stream repeater uses multiple Wowza Servers in an origin and edge configuration to deliver live media content across multiple servers. The encoded media content will be delivered to the origin server in the same manner as if you were delivering the content to a single Wowza Server. The player will request the content from an edge server and the edge server will maintain a single connection per-unique stream to the origin. Origin and edge configuration is an application level configuration. A single Wowza Server instance can be configured as an origin for one application and an edge for another.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 31 For this example we will setup a single origin server using the application name liverepeater. Here are the steps to configure the origin server:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 1. Create a folder named [install-dir]/applications/liveorigin. 2. Create a folder named [install-dir]/conf/liveorigin and copy the file [install- dir]/conf/Application.xml into this new folder. 3. Edit the newly copied Application.xml file and make the following changes: a. Change the Streams/StreamType to liverepeater-origin b. Change the LiveStreamPacketizers to: cupertinostreamingpacketizer,smoothstreamingpacketizer,sanjosestreamingpacketizer Next, configure each of the edge servers as follows: 1. Create a folder named [install-dir]/applications/liveedge. 2. Create a folder named [install-dir]/conf/liveedge and copy the file [install- dir]/conf/Application.xml into this new folder. 3. Edit the newly copied Application.xml file and make the following changes: a. Change the Streams/StreamType to liverepeater-edge (you can use the liverepeater-edge-lowlatency stream type if low latency is important, this will add extra load to the server). b. Change the LiveStreamPacketizers to: cupertinostreamingrepeater,smoothstreamingrepeater,sanjosestreamingrepeater c. Uncomment the Repeater/OriginURL section and set OriginURL to rtmp URL of the origin server. For example if the origin server uses the domain name origin.mycompany.com, this value should be set to: <Repeater> <OriginURL>rtmp://origin.mycompany.com/liveorigin</OriginURL> <QueryString></QueryString> </Repeater> For this example let’s assume the origin server uses the domain name origin.mycompany.com and that there are 3 edge servers with the domain names edge1.mycompany.com, edge2.mycompany.com, edge3.mycompany.com. Let’s also assume that we are going to use the stream name mycoolevent. The URLs for the players are as follows (assuming we are streaming off of edge1): Adobe Flash Player (RTMP): Server: rtmp://edge1.mycompany.com/liveedge Stream: mycoolevent Adobe Flash Player (Flash HTTP – San Jose): http://edge1.mycompany.com:1935/liveedge/mycoolevent/manifest.f4m
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 Apple iPhone, iPad or iPod touch (Cupertino): http://edge1.mycompany.com:1935/liveedge/mycoolevent/playlist.m3u8 Microsoft Silverlight (Smooth): http://edge1.mycompany.com:1935/liveedge/mycoolevent/Manifest RTSP/RTP: rtsp://edge1.mycompany.com:1935/liveedge/mycoolevent It is possible to configure more than one origin server to provide a hot backup in case the main origin server goes down. Let’s say the failover origin server has the domain name origin2.mycompany.com. Assuming it is configured in the same manner as the main origin server, you would set the following Repeater/OriginURL in each of the edge’s Applications.xml files: <Repeater> <OriginURL>rtmp://origin.mycompany.com/liveedge|rtmp://origin2.mycompany.com/liveedge</OriginURL> <QueryString></QueryString> </Repeater> Basically it’s the two connection URLs concatenated together with the pipe ( | ) character. The edge servers will first try to connect to the first origin server, if this fails they will attempt to connect to the second origin server. This example assumes you are using an encoder in which the stream name is a simple name and not a URL. If you are using an encoder such as an MPEG-TS encoder in which the stream name is not a simple stream name, then you can use .stream files on the origin to hide the complex stream names. For example if your complex stream name on the origin is udp://0.0.0.0:10000, use a text editor to create a file in the [install-dir]/content folder with the name mycoolevent.stream and set the contents to udp://0.0.0.0:10000. You then use mycoolevent.stream in place of mycoolevent in the URLs above to play the stream. Note The Media Security AddOn Package describes how to secure the connection between the origin and edge machines using SecureToken. Note If you are streaming to an iOS device, Microsoft Silverlight player or are using Flash HTTP to stream to Flash and are using a non-push based encoder (native RTP or MPEG-TS) then you will need to use the Stream Manager to start and keep the stream running on the origin. The streams do not need to be kept running on the edges.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 34 Note To provide load balancing between the edge servers you can use the dynamic load balancing system referenced in the Dynamic Load Balancing section. Live Stream Recording The VideoRecording example that ships with Wowza Media Server 2 is a specialized way of remote recording of a live stream when using the Adobe Flash player. It uses the record stream type and special capabilities built into the Flash player to control the recording process. If you simply want to record an incoming live stream from an encoder, then there are two more general purpose methods to accomplish this; use one of the *-record stream types (such as live-record) or use the LiveStreamRecord AddOn package. The *-record stream types are the simplest method but give you the least amount of control. If you use this method the entire duration of the published stream will be recorded. If the encoder starts and stops, the file will be versioned with a version number and a new file will start. You can control the container format used (FLV or MP4) by specifying a stream name prefix in the encoder. If the prefix FLV: is specified, then the stream will be recorded to an FLV container. If the prefix is mp4:, then the stream will be recorded to an MP4 (QuickTime) container. Remember that an MP4 container can only record H.264, AAC and MP3 media data. If you are recording using the Flash player the FLV container is the only option. Another option is the LiveStreamRecord AddOn package. This package gives you more control over the recording process. The package includes a server side module that can be used to control the recording process (the source code is included). You can control when the recording starts and stops, the file name and location and the container format as well as other small details. The package is available for download here: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnLiveStreamRecord Server-side Publishing (Stream and Publisher classes) Wowza Media Server 2 includes two methods for doing server-side publishing; the Stream class and the Publisher class. The Stream class is a high level server-side API for mixing live and video on demand content on the fly into a single destination stream. It provides the ability to do television style publishing. It also includes a package that enables creation of a server-side XML based playlist. For more information regarding the Stream class see this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeStreamClass The Publisher class is a low level publishing API to provide the ability to inject raw compressed video and audio frames into Wowza Server to create a custom live stream. This API is quite new so at this time we do not have a lot of documentation and examples. We hope to have more information as the feature matures. See the Publisher classes server-side API (Javadoc
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 documentation) for the current detailed documentation. There is also an audio example which walks through the process of publishing Speex data to a stream in this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodePublisherClass Dynamic Load Balancing The Dynamic Load Balancing AddOn package provides a method for dynamically load balancing between multiple Wowza Server edge servers. The edge servers communicate with one or more load balancing Wowza Servers. You can then connect to the load balancing server to get the currently least loaded edge server. You can download the package from this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnDynamicLoadBalancing Media Security (SecureToken, authentication and encryption) The MediaSecurity AddOn Package provides a set of server-side modules and methodologies for protecting streaming to the different player technologies. It includes a detailed tutorial for protecting streaming using SecureToken, authentication and encryption. You can download the package from this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnMediaSecurity Push Publishing The Push Publishing AddOn Package provides an API for pushing streams from a Wowza Media Server to a remote Wowza Media Server, Flash Media Server or CDN (Content Delviery Network). You can request this package from this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnPushPublishing MediaCache The MediaCache AddOn package is a read through caching mechanism for video on demand streaming. Similar to the live repeater technology aimed at increasing the scalability of live streaming, the MediaCache technology is a means of scaling video on demand streaming. You can request this package from this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnMediaCache
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 36 Adobe Flash Streaming and Scripting What can I do with Wowza Server and the Adobe Flash player? owza Media Server 2 includes additional features that are only applicable to the Adobe Flash player when using the RTMP protocol (or any of the variants). When using Wowza Server with the Adobe Flash player, Wowza Server is much more then just a streaming server - it is an application server. It provides features such as shared objects, video chat, remote recording and bi-directional remote procedures calls. This chapter covers all of these topics. Streaming Basics We will start with the most basic code needed to play a live or video on demand stream in Flash. Let’s assume we have followed the instructions in the How to play a video on demand file tutorial in the Quick Start Guide and we have an application with the name vod that is setup for video on demand streaming. Do the following in Adobe Flash CS3 or CS4: 1. Create a new Flash File with ActionScript 3.0 support. 2. Select Library from the Window menu to open the library palette. 3. Right click in the library palette and select New Video…, enter symbol name video and click OK to create the video object. 4. Drag the video item from the library to the stage, then in the properties palette give it an instance name of video1. 5. Select the menu item Window->Actions from the menu and select Scene 1 in the Actions items list. 6. Enter the following code: Chapter 6 W
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 var nc:NetConnection = new NetConnection(); var ns:NetStream = null; function ncOnStatus(infoObject:NetStatusEvent) { trace("ncOnStatus: "+infoObject.info.code); if (infoObject.info.code == "NetConnection.Connect.Success") { trace("Connection established"); ns = new NetStream(nc); ns.bufferTime = 3; video1.attachNetStream(ns); ns.play("mp4:Extremists.m4v"); } } nc.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, ncOnStatus); nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/vod"); 7. Select Control->Test Movie from the menu. You should be streaming the Extremists.m4v example file. This is the most basic ActionScript 3.0 code needed for live or video on demand playback. If you quickly inspect the code, you can see how simple it is. We create a NetConnection object for streaming, add an event listener so that we get notified when the connection to Wowza Server is established, and when we are notified of a successful connection, we create a NetStream object and begin playback of the stream. The SimpleVideoStreaming and LiveVideoStreaming example players that ship with Wowza Server take this example a little further. These example players support progress bars, pause, stop and full screen. Inspecting the code for these two examples is a good next step for learning how to stream. The VideoChat and VideoRecording examples are a great starting point to learn how to publish video and audio using the built-in Camera and Microphone objects. Pre-built Media Players Building your own custom player with advanced functionality can be a daunting task. Another option is to use pre-built Flash video players. There are many options. We are going to cover a few of the more popular options: Adobe FLVPlayback component, JW Player, FlowPlayer and the Adobe Media Playback player. The Adobe FLVPlayback component is a pre-built video player component that you can add to your own Flash project. It includes features such as play, pause, seek, stop and fullscreen. It comes with Adobe Flash CS3, CS4 and CS5. From time to time the component is updated. It is best to keep your Adobe Flash software up to date to be sure you are running the most recent version. The nice thing about this component is that it can be integrated into your own custom Flash code. JW Player is pre-built Flash based player offered by Long Tail Video. It includes a rich set of features such as playlists, skinning and ad serving. It is fully supported and there is a commercial option. It also includes a built-in version of the Wowza SecureToken security mechanism. You can download it from here:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 38 http://www.longtailvideo.com There are instructions on how to use it with Wowza Server in these support articles: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeJWPlayerLatest http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeJWTokenLatest Another option is FlowPlayer which is an open source pre-built Flash based player. It includes a rich set of features similar to JW Player. It also includes a built-in version of the Wowza SecureToken. You can download it from here: http://flowplayer.org There are instructions on how to use it with Wowza Server in this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeFlowPlayerLatest Another option is the Adobe Media Playback player. This player supports both RTMP streaming as well as Flash HTTP streaming (San Jose Streaming). The player is built on the Open Software Media Framework (OSMF) and is hosted by Adobe. There are instructions on how to use it with Wowza Server in this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeAdobeMediaPlaybackLatest Bi-directional Remote Procedure Calls Wowza Media Server 2 supports bi-direction remote procedure calls to and from the Adobe Flash player. What this means is from the Flash player you can call a server-side Java method and pass data to the Wowza Server and from the Wowza Server you can call a client-side ActionScript method and pass data to the Flash player. This is very useful when building Rich Internet Applications. Calls from the Flash player to Wowza Server are performed using the following method: NetConnection.call(methodName, resultObj, params…) For example, to call the server-side method doSomething and pass two parameters value1 and value2 and receive a single return value, the ActioniScript 3.0 client-side code looks like this (we will cover the server-side code for this method later in this document): function onMethodResult(returnVal:String):Void { trace("onMethodResult: "+returnVal); } nc.call("doSomething", new Responder(onMethodResult), value1, value2);
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 39 Receiving method calls from Wowza Server are done by adding handler methods/functions to the client object that is attached to the NetConenction object. For example, to add the handler method onSomethingHappended that receives two string parameters value1 and value2, the ActionScript 3.0 code looks like this: var clientObj:Object = new Object(); clientObj.onSomethingHappened(value1:String, value2:String):Void { trace("onSomethingHappened: "+value1+":"+value2); } nc.client = clientObj; We will go into more detail on the programming model in the chapter; Extending Wowza Server Using Java. Remote Shared Objects Wowza Media Server 2 supports Adobe Flash remote shared objects. Remote shared objects are a means for sharing data between Wowza Server and multiple Flash players. Each Flash player that subscribes to a shared object will be notified of updates to the shared object data. Shared object data can be changed client-side by a Flash player or server-side through the Wowza Server ISharedObject API. Below is an example of the ActionScript 3.0 code needed to create a remote shared object and set a value:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 40 var nc:NetConnection = new NetConnection(); var test_so:SharedObject = null; var timer:Timer = null; function ncOnStatus(infoObject:NetStatusEvent) { trace("ncOnStatus: "+infoObject.info.code); if (infoObject.info.code == "NetConnection.Connect.Success") { test_so = SharedObject.getRemote("test", nc.uri); test_so.addEventListener(SyncEvent.SYNC, syncEventHandler); test_so.connect(nc); timer = new Timer(1000, 1); timer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, setSOProperty); timer.start(); } } function syncEventHandler(ev:SyncEvent) { trace("syncEventHandler"); var infoObj:Object = ev.changeList; for (var i = 0; i < infoObj.length; i++) { var info:Object = infoObj[i]; if (info.name != undefined) trace(" "+info.name+"="+test_so.data[info.name]); else trace(" [action]="+info.code); } } function setSOProperty(ev:TimerEvent):void { test_so.setProperty("testName", "testValue"); } nc.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, ncOnStatus); nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/vod"); The RemoteSharedObjects example that ships with Wowza Server is a more complete remote shared object example. We will go into more detail on the programming model in the chapter; Extending Wowza Server Using Java.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 41 Server-side Modules and Extensions What is a server-side module and what server-side functionality ships with Wowza Media Server 2? uch of the functionality delivered by Wowza Media Server 2 is done through server-side modules and HTTPProviders. Server-side modules are Java classes that are configured on a per-application basis and are loaded at application instance startup and provide much of the functionality needed to control the streaming process. HTTPProviders are Java classes that are configured on a per-virtual host basis and are light-weight HTTP servers that can be used to query server information. In this chapter we discuss each of these methods of extending Wowza Server and the built-in Java classes that are immediately available for use. In the next chapter we discuss how to create your own server-side extensions. Sever-side Modules Server-side modules are Java classes that are configured on a per-application basis and are dynamically loaded at application instance startup. For the most part, server-side modules provide remote methods that are callable from the Adobe Flash player. It is these methods that provide the play, publish, seek, pause and resume functionality needed to control the Flash player streaming process. Server-side modules can also be used to control iPhone/iPad/iPod touch, Microsoft Silverlight, Flash HTTP (San Jose) and RTSP/RTP streaming process as well. The details of how the API works are in the next chapter. Server-side modules are configured by adding <Module> entries to the <Modules> list in an application’s Application.xml file. The default <Modules> list looks like this: Chapter 7 M
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 42 <Modules> <Module> <Name>base</Name> <Description>Base</Description> <Class>com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleCore</Class> </Module> <Module> <Name>properties</Name> <Description>Properties</Description> <Class>com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleProperties</Class> </Module> <Module> <Name>logging</Name> <Description>Client Logging</Description> <Class>com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleClientLogging</Class> </Module> <Module> <Name>flvplayback</Name> <Description>FLVPlayback</Description> <Class>com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleFLVPlayback</Class> </Module> </Modules> Each of these modules is described in detail in the Built-in Server-side Module section below. Creating custom server-side modules is covered in the next chapter. HTTPProviders HTTPProviders are mini HTTP servers that can be used to extend the functionality of Wowza Server and are configured on a per-port basis in [install-dir]/conf/VHost.xml. An individual HTTPProvider can be username and password protected. Multiple HTTPProviders can be attached to a single port and the HTTPProvider is selected based on request filter. An example HTTPProvider configuration looks like this: <HTTPProvider> <BaseClass>com.wowza.wms.http.streammanager.HTTPStreamManager</BaseClass> <RequestFilters>streammanager*</RequestFilters> <AuthenticationMethod>admin-digest</AuthenticationMethod> </HTTPProvider> The BaseClass property is the full path to the class that implements the IHTTPProvider interface. The RequestFilters is a pipe ( | ) separated list of filters that control when this provider will be invoked based on the HTTP request path. For example, this above request filter will only be invoked if the path portion of the HTTP request URL starts with streammanager. The AuthenticationMethod is the authentication method used to control access to this HTTPProvider. Valid values are admin-digest and none. The admin-digest authentication method uses digest authentication (a challenge/response system to authenticate user – passwords are never sent in clear text) to control access to the HTTPProvider. The usernames and passwords for admin-digest authentication are stored in the file [install- dir]/conf/admin.password. The none method allows all access. Creating custom HTTPProviders is covered in the next chapter.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 43 Built-in Server-side Modules Below is a list of each of the built-in server-side modules along with a brief description of the functionality that is provided. For detailed information on each of the methods provided in a module see the server-side API reference. ModuleCore – (com.wowza.module.ModuleCore) The ModuleCore module represents the server-side implementation of the Adobe Flash NetConnection, NetStream and SharedObject objects. It is required that this module be included by all applications for the server to operate properly. This module contains several additional server side methods that are highlighted here: Function call Description setStreamType(streamType:String); getStreamType(); Returns and sets the default stream type for this client connection. setRepeaterOriginUrl(originUrl:String); getRepeaterOriginUrl(); Returns and sets the live stream repeater origin URL to use for this connection. getStreamLength(streamName:String); getStreamLength(streamNames:Array); For video on demand streaming it returns the duration of the stream in seconds. If an array of stream names is passed in an array of durations is returned. getClientID(); Returns the client ID for this client connection. getReferrer(); Get the referrer from the onConnect method. getPageUrl(); Get the pageUrl from the onConnect method. getVersion(); Returns the server name and version. getLastStreamId(); Returns the ID number of the last NetStream object that was created by this client.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 44 FCSubscribe(streamName, [mediaCasterType]); FCUnSubscribe(streamName); When using the live stream repeater to lock and unlock a stream on the edge during streaming. This method is useful when doing dynamic streaming to lock all bitrate renditions of a live stream on an edge server to be sure they are available when a switch is made between bitrate renditions. FCPublish(streamName); FCUnpublish(streamName); Called to tell the Wowza Server a new stream is being published. ModuleProperties - (com.wowza.module.ModuleProperties) The ModuleProperties module gives the Flash player client code access to application specific properties (name, value pairs) that are attached to the objects in the server object hierarchy. Function call Description setApplicationProperty(name:String, value:String); getApplicationProperty(name:String); Returns and sets properties attached to this client’s Application object. setAppInstanceProperty(name:String, value:String); getAppInstanceProperty(name:String); Returns and sets properties attached to this client’s Application Instance object. setClientProperty(name:String, value:String); getClientProperty(name:String); Returns and sets properties attached to this client’s object. setStreamProperty(streamId:Number, value:String); getStreamProperty(streamId:Number); Returns and sets properties attached to a NetStream object. NetStream objects are identified by StreamId which can be returned to the client by making a call to getLastStreamId() directly following a call to “new NetStream(nc)”. ModuleClientLogging - (com.wowza.module.ModuleClientLogging) The ModuleClientLogging module enables client side logging to the server.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 45 logDebug(logStr:String); logInfo(logStr:String); logWarn(logStr:String); logError(logStr:String); The following call from the Flash player client: nc.call("logDebug", null, "log this string"); Is the same as a server side call to: getLogger().debug("log this string"); ModuleFastPlay - (com.wowza.module.ModuleFastPlay) The ModuleFastPlay enables fast forward, fast rewind and slow motion play back of static flash video. Fast play is configured by making a call to netStream.call(“setFastPlay”, null, multiplier, fps, direction) before each call to netStream.play, netStream.pause(false), netStream.seek. To turn off fast play simply make a call to netStream.play, netStream.pause(false), netStream.seek without first making a call to setFastPlay. setFastPlay(multiplier:Number, fps:Number, direction: Number); multiplier the speed at which to play the movie. To play a movie at 4x normal speed, set this value to 4.0. To play a movie in slow motion, set this value to a value less than one. For example to playback at quarter speed, set this value to 0.25. fps the frames per second for the resultant video stream. During fast play the server will discard video frames as needed to try to maintain this frame rate. For slow motion (multipliers less than 1) this value is ignored. Note Fast play does not work properly with H.264/HE-AAC content. Note Remember that Flash video is made up of a series of key-frames and progressive-frames (D and P frames). During the fast play process the server is going to throw out mostly progressive-frames in favor of key-frames. Key-frames tend to be much larger than progressive-frame. Because of this you will want to specify a frames-per-second rate that is significantly lower than the movie’s frame rate to maintain a reasonable bandwidth. So for a movie that normally plays at 30 fps a setting of 10fps is about right for fast play. direction the direction of play. A value of 1 for forward and -1 for reverse.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 46 During fast play the time value returned by NetStream.time needs to be shifted and scaled to reflect the current playback position in the movie. Each time fast play is initiated, the NetStream object receives an onStatus(statusObj) event. Wowza Media Server has extended the statusObj to include information about the current fast play settings. The following properties have been added to the statusObj: isFastPlay boolean that is true if fast play is on and false if not. fastPlayMultiplier the multiplier specified in the call to setFastPlay. fastPlayDirection the direction specified in the call to setFastPlay fastPlayOffset the offset used to calculate the true location in the video stream. With this information you can calculate the current playback position by executing the following calculation: var inc:Number; var time:Number; inc = ((NetStream.time*1000)- fastPlayOffset)*fastPlayMultiplier; time = (fastPlayOffset + (fastPlayDirection>0?inc:-inc))/1000; Note The following support article includes an example Flash player that has been fast play enabled: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeFastPlayFlash Note When using the file or default stream type, fast play is not supported when a media playlist contains more than one entry. ModuleFLVPlayback - (com.wowza.module.ModuleFLVPlayback) The ModuleFLVPlayback module is required by the FLVPlayback component. This module must be added to any application that is going to use the FLVPlayback component. Built-in HTTPProviders Below is a list of each of the built-in HTTPProviders along with a brief description.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 47 HTTPServerVersion - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPServerVersion) HTTPServerVersion returns the Wowza Server version and build number. It is the default HTTPProvider on port 1935. HTTPCrossdomain - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPCrossdomain) HTTPCrossdomain serves up the Adobe Flash crossdomain.xml file when present in [install- dir]/conf folder. HTTPClientAccessPolicy - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPClientAccessPolicy) HTTPClientAccessPolicy serves up the Microsoft Silverlight clientaccesspolicy.xml file when present in [install-dir]/conf folder. HTTPStreamManager - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPStreamManager) HTTPStreamManager is the Stream Manager HTTPProvider that is available through administrative port 8086 (http://[wowza-ip-address]:8086/streammanager). HTTPServerInfoXML - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPServerInfoXML) HTTPServerInfoXML return detailed server and connection information in XML format and is available through administrative port 8086 (http://[wowza-ip-address]:8086/serverinfo). HTTPConnectionInfo - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPConnectionInfo) HTTPConnectionInfo return detailed connection information in XML format and is available through administrative port 8086 (http://[wowza-ip-address]:8086/connectioninfo). HTTPConnectionCountsXML - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPConnectionCountsXML) HTTPConnectionCountsXML return connection information in XML format and is available through administrative port 8086 (http://[wowza-ip-address]:8086/connectioncounts).
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 48 Extending Wowza Server Using Java How do I extend the Wowza Server server? owza Media Server 2 can easily be extended by writing Java classes that are loaded dynamically by the server. There are several integration points that can be used to extend the server; custom server-side modules, HTTPProviders and listeners. We will explore each of these integration points and provide a quick example. We provide a free integrated development environment called the Wowza IDE that can be used to extend the functionality of the server. You can download it from here: http://www.wowzamedia.com/ide.html It is probably best to download and install the Wowza IDE first before reading this chapter. The included documentation will walk you through the creation of your first custom server-side module. It will point you back to this chapter for more information. Consult the Server-side API Guide for detailed information on the available APIs. There is also a wealth of knowledge and code snippets online in the support section of http://www.wowzamedia.com. Custom Module Classes Server-side modules are Java classes that are configured on a per-application basis and are dynamically created at application instance startup. Typically, module classes are bound into .jar files that are located in the [install-dir]/lib folder. Modules can leverage any available 3rd party libraries or built-in Java functionality as long as the dependent .jar files are copied into the [install-dir]/lib folder. Modules are added to an application configuration by adding a <Module> entry to the <Modules> list in the application’s Application.xml file. Let’s start by creating our first module. It will have two methods onAppStart and doSomething. The onAppStart method is an event method and the doSomething method is a custom method. The details of event methods and custom methods will be discussed later. Chapter 8 W
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 49 package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; public class MyModule extends ModuleBase { public void onAppStart(IApplicationInstance appInstance) { getLogger().info("onAppStart"); } public void doSomething(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { getLogger().info("doSomething"); } } Next, to add this module to an application configuration, edit Application.xml for the application and add the following <Module> entry for this module to the end of the <Modules> list: <Module> <Name>MyModule</Name> <Description>This is MyModule</Description> <Class>com.mycompany.module.MyModule</Class> </Module> Each module must have a <Name> that is unique in that <Modules> list. The <Description> information is for providing a detailed description of the module and is not used in any operations. The <Class> item is the full path to the Java class that is providing the module’s functionality. We combine the package path in the first line of the module to the class name to form the class path. Event Methods Event methods are invoked by the server based on events that occur during server processing. Event methods apply to all types of streaming Adobe Flash, Microsoft Silverlight, iPhone/iPad/iPod touch and RTSP. Event methods are defined by the following interfaces: IModuleOnApp IModuleOnConnect IModuleOnStream IModuleOnHTTPSession IModuleOnRTPSession IModuleOnHTTPCupertinoStreamingSession IModuleOnHTTPSmoothStreamingSession IModuleOnHTTPSanJoseStreamingSession IModuleOnHTTPCupertinoEncryption
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 50 All event methods defined in all modules are invoked when an event occurs. What this means is that if two modules implement the onAppStart event method, then both modules onAppStart methods will be invoked when a new application instance is created. Module methods are invoked starting at the top of the <Modules> list defined in Application.xml. So the first <Modules> entry in the list will be called first and it will work its way down to the last item in the list. Below are each of the event method interfaces and their corresponding event methods. IModuleOnApp public void onAppStart(IApplicationInstance appInstance); public void onAppStop(IApplicationInstance appInstance); onAppStart: Invoked when an application instance is started onAppStop: Invoked when an application instance is stopped IModuleOnConnect public void onConnect(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params); public void onDisconnect(IClient client); public void onConnectAccept(IClient client); public void onConnectReject(IClient client); onConnect: Invoked when a Flash player connects to an application instance onDisconnected: Invoked when a Flash player disconnect from an application instance onConnectAccept: Invoked when a Flash player connection is accepted onConnectReject: Invoked when a Flash player connection is refused IModuleOnStream public void onStreamCreate(IMediaStream stream); public void onStreamDestroy(IMediaStream stream); onStreamCreate: Invoked when a new IMediaStream object is created onStreamDestroy: Invoked when a IMediaStream object is closed Note The onStreamCreate event method is invoked before play or publish has been called for this IMediaStream object. For this reason the IMediaStream object does not have a name. See the IMediaStreamActionNotify2 interface to implement a server listener that is invoked when actions occur on this IMediaStream object. IModuleOnHTTPSession public void onHTTPSessionCreate(IHTTPStreamerSession httpSession); public void onHTTPSessionDestroy(IHTTPStreamerSession httpSession); onHTTPSessionCreate: Invoked when HTTP streaming session(Cupertino or Smooth) created onHTTPSessionDestroy: Invoked when HTTP streaming session(Cupertino or Smooth) closed IModuleOnRTPSession public void onRTPSessionCreate(RTPSession rtpSession); public void onRTPSessionDestroy(RTPSession rtpSession); onRTPSessionCreate: Invoked when RTP session created
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 51 onRTPSessionDestroy: Invoked when RTP session closed IModuleOnHTTPCupertinoStreamingSession public void onHTTPCupertinoStreamingSessionCreate( HTTPStreamerSessionCupertino httpCupertinoStreamingSession); public void onHTTPCupertinoStreamingSessionDestroy( HTTPStreamerSessionCupertino httpCupertinoStreamingSession); onHTTPCupertinoStreamingSessionCreate: Invoked when Cupertino session created onHTTPCupertinoStreamingSessionDestroy: Invoked when Cupertino session closed IModuleOnHTTPSmoothStreamingSession public void onHTTPSmoothStreamingSessionCreate( HTTPStreamerSessionSmoothStreamer httpSmoothStreamingSession); public void onHTTPSmoothStreamingSessionDestroy( HTTPStreamerSessionSmoothStreamer httpSmoothStreamingSession); onHTTPSmoothStreamingSessionCreate: Invoked when Smooth session created onHTTPSmoothStreamingSessionDestroy: Invoked when Smooth session closed IModuleOnHTTPSanJoseStreamingSession public void onHTTPSanJoseStreamingSessionCreate( HTTPStreamerSessionSanJoseStreamer httpSanJoseStreamingSession); public void onHTTPSanJoseStreamingSessionDestroy( HTTPStreamerSessionSanJoseStreamer httpSanJoseStreamingSession); onHTTPSanJoseStreamingSessionCreate: Invoked when Smooth session created onHTTPSanJoseStreamingSessionDestroy: Invoked when Smooth session closed IModuleOnHTTPCupertinoEncryption public void onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyRequest( HTTPStreamerSessionCupertino httpSession, IHTTPRequest req, IHTTPResponse resp); public void onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyCreateVOD( HTTPStreamerSessionCupertino httpSession, byte[] encKey); public void onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyCreateLive( IApplicationInstance appInstance, String streamName, byte[] encKey); onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyRequest: Invoked when encryption key request is made for Cupertino streaming onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyCreateVOD: Invoked when encryption key is created for video on demand stream onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyCreateLive: Invoked when encryption key is created for live stream Custom Methods Custom methods are public mehods that you wish to expose to the Adobe Flash player through calls to the client-side interface NetConnection.call() or are calls that are part of the NetConnection or NetStream command set. For example play and publish are defined in ModuleCore as custom methods. These methods must be public and must have the following argument signature (IClient, RequestFunction, AMFDataList params). Only public methods with this signature will be available to be called from the Flash player. Processing for custom methods is different than that of event methods. When a given method such as play is invoked from the Flash player, only the last module in the <Modules> list that defines that custom method will be invoked. For example, the ModuleCore module defines the
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 52 method play which is invoked when NetStream.play(streamName) is called from the Flash player. If you create your own custom module that defines the method play and add it to the <Modules> list after the ModuleCore module, then your play method will be invoked rather than the play method defined in ModuleCore. If in your implementation of play, you wish to invoke the play method of the next module up the list that precedes your module, you call this.invokePrevious(client, function, params). Wowza Server will search up the module list and find the next module that implements the play method and it will invoke that method. This is similar to traditional object orientated sub-classing. Each implementation of a method in the <Modules> list can perform an operation based on the invocation of a given method and can choose to pass control to the next module that implement that method above them in the <Modules> list. For example, if in your implementation of play you wish to check the stream name of calls made to NetStream.play(streamName). If the stream name starts with goodstream/ you wish to append the phrase _good to the stream name and call this.invokePrevious(client, function, params). All other connections will be disconnected. The code looks like this: package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; public class MyModule extends ModuleBase { public void play(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { boolean disconnect = false; if (params.get(PARAM1).getType() == AMFData.DATA_TYPE_STRING) { String playName = params.getString(PARAM1); if (playName.startsWith("goodstream/")) { playName += "_good"; params.set(PARAM1, new AMFDataItem(playName)); } else disconnect = true; } if (disconnect) client.setShutdownClient(true); else this.invokePrevious(client, function, params); } } onCall The onCall method is a catch-all for any methods that are undefined by custom methods. The interface for this method is defined in the IModuleOnCall interface class. The onCall method functions the same as an event method in that all onCall methods defined in all modules will be called. Example:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 53 package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; public class MyModule extends ModuleBase implements IModuleOnCall { public void onCall(String handlerName, IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { getLogger().info("onCall: "+handlerName); } } Adobe Flash Player and Custom Methods Parameters passed from the Adobe Flash player client to Wowza Server need to be marshaled to Java primitive and object types. The com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleBase class includes a number of helper functions and constants for converting the parameter values. For more complex types, the com.wowza.wms.amf package contains an API for object conversion. Consult the server API javadocs and the Server Side Coding example for more detailed information. Below is a simple example of converting three incoming parameters: package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; public class MyModule extends ModuleBase { public void myFunction(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { String param1 = getParamString(params, PARAM1); int param2 = getParamInt(params, PARAM2); boolean param3 = getParamBoolean(params, PARAM3); } } A custom method called from the Adobe Flash player may return a single result value. This value must be converted to an Action Message Format (AMF) object to be understood by the Flash player. These value types can include simple types like strings, integers and booleans as well as
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 54 more complex types like objects, arrays or arrays of objects. The com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleBase class includes a number of helper functions for returning simple types. For more complex types, the com.wowza.wms.amf package contains an API for object creation and conversion. Consult the server API javadocs and the Server Side Coding example for more detailed information. Below is a simple example of three methods returning simple value types: package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; public class MyModule extends ModuleBase { public void myFunctionString(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { sendResult(client, params, "Hello World"); } public void myFunctionInt(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { sendResult(client, params, 536); } public void myFunctionBoolean(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { sendResult(client, params, true); } } Adobe Flash Player and Server to Client Calls A custom method can call a function in Adobe Flash player directly by invoking the IClient.call() method. The client call can return a single variable that will be received by the server by creating a result object that implements the com.mycompany.module.IModuleCallResult interface. The IClient.call() method has two forms: public abstract void call(String handlerName); public abstract void call(String handlerName, IModuleCallResult resultObj, Object ... params); Methods on the client side are made available to the server by attaching them to the NetConnection object. Below is sample ActionScript 3.0 client-side code: var nc:NetConnection = new NetConnection(); var clientObj:Object = new Object(); clientObj.serverToClientMethod = function(param1, param2) { return "Hello World"; }
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 55 nc.client = clientObj; nc.connect("rtmp://wms.mycompany.com/mymodules"); To call this client-side method from the server, the custom method looks like this: package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; class MyResult implements IModuleCallResult { public onResult(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { String returnValue = getParamString(params, PARAM1); getLogger().info("got Result: "+ returnValue); } } public class MyModule extends ModuleBase { public void myFunction(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { client.call("serverToClientMethod", new MyResult(), "param1: value", 1.5); } } Logging A custom method can get access to the server’s logging interface using the getLogger() helper method that is implemented by the com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleBase base class. Log messages are written to the log files by using one of the following four methods: getLogger().debug(logStr); getLogger().info(logStr); getLogger().warn(logStr); getLogger().error(logStr); Java Management Extensions (JMX) All modules instantiated for a given application instance will be made available through the Java Management Extension’s (JMX) Interface. The path to the modules section in the MBean interface is: WowzaMediaServer/VHosts/[vHostName]/Applications/[applicationN ame]/ ApplicationInstance/[applicationInstanceName]/Modules
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 56 All public methods and properties (wrapped in Java Bean get/set methods) will be made available through the Instance object found within each module definition. If you want to exclude a method or property from the JMX interface, import the com.wowza.util.NoMBean class and add the @NoMBean annotation to your method definition. So what this means is that your custom modules are instantly made available through the Wowza Server administration interface without any additional programming. All property values can be inspected, properties with get[property-name] accessors can be changed and methods with simple Java types can be invoked through JConsole or VisualVM. HTTPProvider Classes HTTPProviders are Java classes that are mini Java servlets that can be used to add an HTTP interface to Wowza Server. They are configured on a per-port basis in [install- dir]/conf/VHost.xml (configuration is covered in the previous chapter). Below is a simple HTTPProvider that returns the server version: package com.mycompany.wms.http; import java.io.*; import com.wowza.wms.server.*; import com.wowza.wms.stream.*; import com.wowza.wms.vhost.*; import com.wowza.wms.http.*; public class HTTPServerVersion extends HTTProvider2Base { public void onHTTPRequest(IVHost vhost, IHTTPRequest req, IHTTPResponse resp) { if (!doHTTPAuthentication(vhost, req, resp)) return; String version = MediaStreamBase.p+" "; version += ReleaseInfo.getVersion(); version += " build"+ReleaseInfo.getBuildNumber(); String retStr = "<html><head><title>"; retStr += version; retStr += "</title></head><body>"+version+"</body></html>"; try { OutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream(); byte[] outBytes = retStr.getBytes(); out.write(outBytes); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("HTMLServerVersion: "+e.toString()); } } } Much of the functionality of HTTPProviders is encapsulated in the HTTProvider2Base base class. Your HTTPProvider, if it extends this class, only needs to implement the onHTTPRequest method. Below are a few interesting code snippets to aid in HTTPProvider development: Get HTTP request URL String path = super.getPath(req, false);
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 57 Get HTTP request header value String headerValue = req.getHeader(headerName); Set HTTP response header value resp.setHeader(headerName, headerValue); Set HTTP response status resp.setResponseCode(404); There are several more complex and interesting examples of HTTPProviders in the support section of www.wowzamedia.com. Event Listeners There are many points within the Wowza Media Server 2 object hierarchy where event listeners can be added. Event listeners are classes that implement a notifier interface and are notified of specifc events within the server. For example you can inject a server listener that gets notified of server startup, initialization and shutdown or an application instance listener that is notified each time an application instance is started or stopped. Below are specifics on the more interesting and useful listener interfaces: Server Listener (IServerNotify2) Sever listeners are notified of the life cycle of the server and are a great place to invoke and attach functionality that you would like to make avaible while Wowza Server is running. Examples are web services or SOAP interface and a web server or HTTP interface. Below is a simple server listener:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 58 package com.mycompany.wms; import com.wowza.wms.server.*; public class MyServerListener implements IServerNotify2 { public void onServerCreate(IServer server) { System.out.println("onServerCreate"); } public void onServerConfigLoaded(IServer server) { System.out.println("onServerConfigLoaded"); } public void onServerInit(IServer server) { System.out.println("onServerInit"); } public void onServerShutdownStart(IServer server) { System.out.println("onServerShutdownStart"); } public void onServerShutdownComplete(IServer server) { System.out.println("onServerShutdownComplete"); } } Once compiled, bound into a .jar file and placed in the [install-dir]/lib folder, this server listener can be invoked by adding an entry to the <ServerListeners> list in [install- dir]/conf/Server.xml: <ServerListener> <BaseClass>com.mycompany.wms.MyServerListener</BaseClass> </ServerListener> Virtual Host Listener (IServerNotify2) Virtual host listeners are notified of the life cycle of virtual host. Below is a simple virtual listener:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 59 package com.mycompany.wms; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; import com.wowza.wms.vhost.*; public class MyVHostListener implements IVHostNotify { public void onVHostCreate(IVHost vhost) { System.out.println("onVHostCreate: "+vhost.getName()); } public void onVHostInit(IVHost vhost) { System.out.println("onVHostInit: "+vhost.getName()); } public void onVHostShutdownStart(IVHost vhost) { System.out.println("onVHostShutdownStart: "+vhost.getName()); } public void onVHostShutdownComplete(IVHost vhost) { System.out.println("onVHostShutdownComplete: "+vhost.getName()); } public void onVHostClientConnect(IVHost vhost, IClient inClient, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { System.out.println("onVHostClientConnect: "+vhost.getName()); } } Once compiled, bound into a .jar file and placed in the [install-dir]/lib folder this virtual host listener can be invoked by adding an entry to the <VHostListeners> list in [install- dir]/conf/Server.xml: <VHostListener> <BaseClass>com.mycompany.wms.MyVHostListener</BaseClass> </VHostListener> MediaStream Listeners (IMediaStreamActionNotify2) MediaStream listeners receive play, publish, pause… events for an Adobe Flash MediaStream object. Below is a simple MediaStream listener:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 60 package com.mycompany.wms; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.stream.*; public class MyMediaStreamListener implements IMediaStreamActionNotify2 { public void onMetaData(IMediaStream stream, AMFPacket metaDataPacket) { System.out.println("onMetaData"); } public void onPauseRaw(IMediaStream stream, boolean isPause, double location) { System.out.println("onPauseRaw"); } public void onPause(IMediaStream stream, boolean isPause, double location) { System.out.println("onPause"); } public void onPlay(IMediaStream stream, String streamName, double playStart, double playLen, int playReset) { System.out.println("onPlay"); } public void onPublish(IMediaStream stream, String streamName, boolean isRecord, boolean isAppend) { System.out.println("onPublish"); } public void onSeek(IMediaStream stream, double location) { System.out.println("onSeek"); } public void onStop(IMediaStream stream) { System.out.println("onStop"); } public void onUnPublish(IMediaStream stream, String streamName, boolean isRecord, boolean isAppend) { System.out.println("onUnPublish"); } } Once compiled, bound into a .jar file and placed in the [install-dir]/lib folder, this MediaStream listener can be invoked by creating an instance of this object and attaching it to an IMediaStream object. You might do this in an onStreamCreate event method like this: public void onStreamCreate(IMediaStream stream) { stream.addClientListener(new MyMediaStreamListener()); }
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 61 Server Administration How do I setup, manage, and deploy Wowza Media Server 2? owza Media Server 2 is a small and powerful Java server. It is configured through a set of XML files. The server can be run standalone from a command shell or installed as a system service. Running the server standalone is best for developing Wowza Server custom applications since the server can be started and stopped quickly and server log messages can be seen immediately in the console window. Running the server as a system service is most often used for server deployment where the server needs to continue to run even after you log off the machine or be automatically started when the server is rebooted. Configuring SSL and RTMPS Wowza Media Server 2 supports Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and RTMPS (RTMP over SSL) streaming protection. SSL is a technology which allows web browsers and web servers to communicate over a secured connection. This means that the data being sent and received is encrypted in both directions. You can get an SSL certificate from a certificate authority or you can create a certficiate your self. The instructions below will walk you through the steps to create a self signed SSL certificate for use with Wowza Server. If you would like to obtain an SSL certificate from a certificate authority follow the steps in this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=tutorialsSSLCA Below are the steps to create a self-signed SSL certificate using the keytool application that comes with the Java JDK. To get started, install the Java JDK and be sure the bin folder of your JDK installation has been added to your PATH variable. If the PATH variable is configured correctly, you should be able to open a command prompt and execute the command keytool. This should return the command reference for the keytool command. Once you have the keytool command up and running, proceed to the following steps to create a self-signed SSL certificate: 1. Open a command prompt and change directory to [install-dir]/conf 2. Execute the following command: keytool -genkey -alias wowza -keyalg RSA -keystore ssl.mycompany.com.cert Chapter 9 W
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 62 3. You will then be prompted to answer several questions. Below are sample responses assuming the domain name that you wish this certificate to be tied to is ssl.mycompany.com: [Enter keystore password] password [What is your first and last name] ssl.mycompany.com [What is the name of your organizational unit] Web Department [What is the name of your organization] My Company Name [What is the name of your City or Locality] Cincinnati [What is the name of your State or Province] Ohio [What is the two-letter country code for this unit] US [Enter key password for <password>] password Once complete, you will see a file named ssl.mycompany.com.cert in the [install-dir]/conf folder. This is the certificate file. To configure TCP port to use this certificate, edit [install- dir]/conf/VHost.xml and make the following changes: 1. Uncomment the <HostPort> definition for port 443 that is just following the comment <!-- 443 with SSL --> (be sure to remove the comment before <HostPort> and after </HostPort>). 2. Set the value SSLConfig/KeyStorePath to: ${com.wowza.wms.context.VHostConfigHome}/conf/ssl.mycompany.com.cert 3. Set the SSLConfig/KeyStorePassword to key store password entered above. TCP port 443 is now protected by SSL and RTMPS. You will need to setup a domain name entry for the domain chosen above and all communications using port 443 will need to done using SSL or RTMPS and the domain name specified in the certificate. Self-signed certificates (this not does not apply to certificates from certificate authorities) do not work on the Mac (OSX) when using Adobe Flash to stream over RTMPS without first installing the certificate in the Keychain and setting its trust level to Always Trust. To extract the certificate and install in the OSX Keychain, do the following: 1. Extract the certificate from the keystore using the following command and copy the ssl.mycompany.com.crt file to the Mac: keytool -export -alias wowza -file ssl.mycompany.com.crt -keystore ssl.mycompany.com.cert
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 63 2. Open the Applications > Utilities > Keychain Access utility and select the Certificates category 3. Drag and drop the ssl.mycompany.com.crt onto this utility 4. Right click on the ssl.mycompany.com entry in the list and select Get Info 5. Open the Trust section of the info dialog and set When using this certificate to Always Trust These steps need to be followed on any machine that is going to use RTMPS to play a stream that is protected using a self-signed certificate. Obviously this is not the preferred way to stream using RTMPS. It is better to obtain a signed certificate from a trusted certificate authority. With a trusted certificate these additional steps are not necessary. There are two methods of doing RTMPS streaming when using the Adobe Flash player. The default method leverages tunneling (RTMPT over SSL) which can be slow and causes additional server load. The second method is RTMP over SSL which performs better. You can enable this mode by setting the NetConnection.proxyType to “best” before calling NetConnection.connect. The code looks like this: var nc:NetConnection = new NetConnection(); nc.proxyType = “best”; nc.connect(“rtmps://ssl.mycompany.com/myapplication”); Logging Wowza Media Server 2 uses the apache.org log4j library as its logging implementation. The log4j logging system provides ample functionality for log formatting, log rolling and log retrieval for most applications. By default, Wowza Server is configured to log basic information to the server console and detailed information in the W3C Extended Common Log Format (ECLF) to a log file. The log files are written to the following folder: [install-dir]/logs Wowza Media Server logging can generate the following logging fields:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 64 date Date of log event time Time of log event tz Time zone of log event x-event Log event (see table below) x-category Log event category (server, vhost, application, session, stream) x-severity Log event severity (DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, FATAL) x-status Status of log event (see table below) x-ctx Extra data about the context of the log event x-comment Extra comment about the log event x-vhost Name of the virtual host from which the event was generated x-app Name of the application from which the event was generated x-appinst Name of the application instance from which the event was generated x-duration Time in seconds that this event occurred within the lifetime of the x-category object s-ip IP address on which the server received this event s-port Port number on which the server received this event s-uri Full connection string on which the server received this event c-ip Client connection IP address c-proto Client connection protocol (rtmp, rtmpe, rtmpt(HTTP-1.1), rtmpte(HTTP-1.1), rtmps(HTTP-1.1), http (cupertino), http (smooth)) c-referrer URL of the Flash movie that initiated the connection to the server c-user-agent Version of the Flash client that initiated the connection to the server c-client-id Client ID number assigned by the server to the connection cs-bytes Total number of bytes transferred from client to server (accumulative) sc-bytes Total number of bytes transferred from server to client (accumulative) x-stream-id Stream ID number assigned by server to the stream object x-spos Position in milliseconds within the media stream cs-stream-bytes Total number of bytes transferred from client to server for stream x- stream-id (accumulative) sc-stream-bytes Total number of bytes transferred from server to client for stream x- stream-id (accumulative) x-sname Name of stream x-stream-id x-sname-query Query parameters of stream x-stream-id x-file-name Full file path of stream x-stream-id x-file-ext File extension of stream x-stream-id x-file-size File size in bytes of stream x-stream-id x-file-length File length in seconds of stream x-stream-id x-suri Full connection string for stream x-stream-id (including query parameters) x-suri-stem Full connection string for stream x-stream-id (excluding query parameters) x-suri-query Query parameter for connection string cs-uri-stem Full connection string for stream x-stream-id (excluding query parameters) cs-uri-query Query parameter for stream x-stream-id
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 65 Wowza Media Server generates the following logging events: comment Comment server-start Server start server-stop Server shutdown vhost-start Virtual host start vhost-stop Virtual host shutdown app-start Application instance start app-stop Application instance shutdown connect-pending Connection pending approval by application and license manager connect Connection result connect-burst Connection accepted in burst zone disconnect Client (session) disconnected from server play Play has started pause Play has paused unpause Play has unpaused /resumed seek Seek has occurred setstreamtype Client call to netConnection.call(“setStreamType”, null, “[streamtype]”); setbuffertime Client call to NetStream.setBufferTime(secs) logged in milliseconds stop Play has stopped on a stream create Media or data stream created destroy Media or data stream destroyed publish Start stream publishing unpublish Stop stream publishing record Start stream recording recordstop Stop stream recording announce RTSP Session Description Protocol (SDP) ANNOUNCE Wowza Media Server generates the following logging status values: 100 Pending or waiting (for approval) 200 Success 302 Rejected by application with redirect information 400 Bad request 401 Rejected by application 413 Rejected by license manager 500 Internal error Wowza Server logging is configured in the conf/log4j.properties properties file. There are many logging configuration options made available by the log4j logging system. The remainder of this section will cover the basic options for enabling and disabling different logging fields, events and categories. Below is an example of a basic log4j.properties file for Wowza Server.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 66 log4j.rootCategory=INFO, stdout, serverAccess, serverError # Console appender log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=com.wowza.wms.logging.ECLFPatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.Fields=x-severity,x-category,x-event,x-ctx,x-comment log4j.appender.stdout.layout.OutputHeader=false log4j.appender.stdout.layout.QuoteFields=false log4j.appender.stdout.layout.Delimeter=space # Access appender log4j.appender.serverAccess=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender log4j.appender.serverAccess.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-dd log4j.appender.serverAccess.File=${com.wowza.wms.ConfigHome}/logs/wowzamediaserver_access.log log4j.appender.serverAccess.layout=com.wowza.wms.logging.ECLFPatternLayout log4j.appender.serverAccess.layout.Fields=x-severity,x-category,x-event;date,time,c-client-id,c-ip,c-port,cs- bytes,sc-bytes,x-duration,x-sname,x-stream-id,sc-stream-bytes,cs-stream-bytes,x-file-size,x-file-length,x- ctx,x-comment log4j.appender.serverAccess.layout.OutputHeader=true log4j.appender.serverAccess.layout.QuoteFields=false log4j.appender.serverAccess.layout.Delimeter=tab # Error appender log4j.appender.serverError=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender log4j.appender.serverError.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-dd log4j.appender.serverError.File=${com.wowza.wms.ConfigHome}/logs/wowzamediaserver_error.log log4j.appender.serverError.layout=com.wowza.wms.logging.ECLFPatternLayout log4j.appender.serverError.layout.Fields=x-severity,x-category,x-event;date,time,c-client-id,c-ip,c-port,cs- bytes,sc-bytes,x-duration,x-sname,x-stream-id,sc-stream-bytes,cs-stream-bytes,x-file-size,x-file-length,x- ctx,x-comment log4j.appender.serverError.layout.OutputHeader=true log4j.appender.serverError.layout.QuoteFields=false log4j.appender.serverError.layout.Delimeter=tab log4j.appender.serverError.Threshold=WARN Note Always use forward slashes when referring to file paths (even on the Windows platform). The first statement in this file sets the logging level to INFO and defines three appenders; stdout, serverAccess, serverError. Setting the logging level to INFO configures the logging mechanism such that it will only log events with a severity of INFO or greater. The logging severity in ascending order is: DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR and FATAL. To log all events set the logging level to DEBUG. Next, we configure each of the appenders. The important properties in this section are:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 67 Field Comma delimited list of fields to log OutputHeader Boolean value (true/false) that instructs the logging system to write out a W3C Extended Common Log Format header each time the server is started. QuoteFields Boolean value (true/false) that instructs the logging system to surround all field data in double quotes Delimiter The delimiter character to use between field values. Valid values are tab, space or the actual delimiter character. CategoryInclude Comma separated list of logging categories. Only log events with the specified categories will be logged. CategoryExclude Comma separated list of logging categories. Only log events whose category is not in this list will be logged. EventInclude Comma separated list of logging events. Only log events with the specified event name will be logged. EventExclude Comma separated list of logging categories. Only log events whose event name is not in this list will be logged. These properties allow you to control the way the log information is formatted and filtered. For more detailed information on how to configure the log4j specific properties such as log file rolling and additional log appender types, visit the apache.org website at http://logging.apache.org/log4j. Wowza Media Server 2 can also be configured to generate logs on a per-virtual host and per- application basis. These configurations are included but commented out at the bottom of the default [install-dir]/conf/log4j.properties file. The first commented out section includes configuration for per-application logging. The second commented out section includes configuration for per-virtual host logging. To turn either of these features on, simply remove the comments (# sign at the beginning of each of the lines) from the section. The per-virtual host logging will generate log files using the following directory structure: [install-dir]/logs/[vhost]/wowzamediaserver_access.log [install-dir]/logs/[vhost]/wowzamediaserver_error.log [install-dir]/logs/[vhost]/wowzamediaserver_stats.log The per-application logging will generate log files using the following directory structure: [install- dir]/logs/[vhost]/[application]/wowzamediaserver_access.log [install- dir]/logs/[vhost]/[application]/wowzamediaserver_error.log [install- dir]/logs/[vhost]/[application]/wowzamediaserver_stats.log This method of log file generation can be very useful if you plan on offering the Wowza Media Server 2 as a shared service to several customers.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 68 Logging to a Database Wowza Media Server 2 can be configured to log information to a database. This is a very useful feature if you wish to get real-time statistics. See this online support article for detailed instructions: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeLogDatabase Run Server as Named User The default installation of Wowza Media Server 2 on Linux and Mac OS X will install and run the server as the root user. If you would like to run the server as a user other than root, you can follow these instructions to create a new user and configure the server to run as that new user. Note For security reasons, most Linux and Unix distributions do not allow user’s other than the root user to bind to port numbers less than 1024. If you plan on running Wowza Server on a lowered numbered ports such as 80 (HTTP), 443 (RTMPS, HTTPS) and/or 554 (RTSP) then the server will need to continue to run as the root user. Linux First, we are going to create a new user and group named wowza. groupadd wowza useradd -g wowza wowza passwd wowza Next, we are going to change ownership and permissions on Wowza Server installation files. cd /usr/local chown wowza:wowza WowzaMediaServer chown –R wowza:wowza WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 chmod –R 775 WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 rm –f /var/run/WowzaMediaServer.pid rm –f /var/run/WowzaMediaServer.lock Finally, we are going to change the command that is used to start the server so that it is run as the new wowza user. Change directory to the /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/bin directory. Edit the standalone startup script startup.sh and prepend sudo –u wowza to the 24th line. It should now be: sudo –u wowza $_EXECJAVA $JAVA_OPTS -Dcom.wowza.wms.AppHome= "$WMSAPP_HOME" -Dcom.wowza.wms.ConfigHome= "$WMSCONFIG_HOME" -cp $WMSAPP_HOME/bin/wms-bootstrap.jar
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 69 com.wowza.wms.bootstrap.Bootstrap start You will also need to edit the service startup script wms.sh and make the same change to line 24. Now both the standalone startup script and the service startup script will start the server as the user wowza. Mac OS X First, we are going to create a new user named wowza. Open the Accounts systems preferences panel. Unlock the add user functionality by clicking on the lock icon in the lower left hand corner of the panel (you will be asked to enter your administrative password). Click the + button below the list of users to add a new user. Enter the following values and click the Create Account button: Name: wowza Short Name: wowza Passord: [enter a password] Verify: [enter a password] Next, we are going to change the permissions on Wowza Server installation files. Open a Terminal window and enter the following commands: cd /Library sudo chown wowza:admin WowzaMediaServer sudo chown –R wowza:admin WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 Finally, we are going to change the command that is used to start the server so that it is run as the new wowza user. Change directory to the /Library/WowzaMediaServer/bin directory. Edit the standalone startup script startup.sh and prepend sudo –u wowza to the 24th line. It should now be: sudo –u wowza $_EXECJAVA $JAVA_OPTS -Dcom.wowza.wms.AppHome= "$WMSAPP_HOME" -Dcom.wowza.wms.ConfigHome= "$WMSCONFIG_HOME" -cp $WMSAPP_HOME/bin/wms-bootstrap.jar com.wowza.wms.bootstrap.Bootstrap start Now when you start the server in standalone and service mode it will run as user wowza. You can verify this by executing the ps –ja command in a Terminal window while the server is running. Note For more up to date security information visit the Server-Side Modules and Code Samples section at http://www.wowzamedia.com/forums/.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 70 Server Management Console and Monitoring How do I manage and monitor Wowza Media Server 2? owza Media Server 2 can be managed and monitored through a Java Management Extensions (JMX) interface. JMX is a standards-based technology for exposing components of a Java application through a unified object interface. This interface can then be consumed by open source and commercial monitoring tools such as HP OpenView, OpenNMS (http://www.opennms.org), JConsole and VisualVM (http://visualvm.dev.java.net). Note Most Java Runtime Environment (JRE or JVM) vendors require that you install the full Java Development Kit (JDK) to get the JConsole management and monitoring application. Please consult your vendor’s documentation. Note A good place to learn more about the Java Management Extension (JMX) standard is from the Oracle website (http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/jmx/). Local Management Using JConsole Wowza Server exposes a rich set of objects for monitoring the server. The Java virtual machine also exposes a set of JMX objects that can be used to monitor the virtual machine. The easiest way to view these objects is by using the JConsole applet that ships with the Java Development Kit (JDK) of most popular VMs. This tool is usually located in the bin folder of your Java JDK installation. By default the startup.bat and startup.sh are configured to expose the JMX object interface to a locally running copy of JConsole. To view the JMX interface, first start Wowza Media Server (either by running it as a service or standalone from a command prompt). Next, run JConsole. In JConsole you should see a list of the currently running Java virtual machines that are Chapter 10 W
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 71 exposing a JMX interface. Wowza Server will be listed as com.wowza.wms.bootstrap.Bootstrap start. Select this item and click the Connect button. Note On Windows, for security reasons, local monitoring and management is only supported if your default Windows temporary directory is on a file system that supports setting permissions on files and directories (for example, on an NTFS file system). It is not supported on a FAT file system that provides insufficient access controls. The workaround is to setup remote monitoring. See the Remote Management section below, to learn how to configure the remote JMX interface. From here you can explore the different tab panels that are part of JConsole. Wowza Media Server 2 management objects are located under the MBean tab in the WowzaMediaServer group. The JMX objects are organized based on the configured virtual hosts, applications and applications instances. Monitoring objects will be created and deleted on the fly as applications, application instances, client connections and streams are created and deleted from the server. Remote JMX Interface Configuration By default the startup and service scripts are configured to only expose the JMX interface to a locally running monitoring application. You can also configure a remote JMX interface for monitoring Wowza Server from a remote computer. Both the JVM and Wowza Server include remote JMX interfaces. It is only necessary to configure one of these remote interfaces to enable remote monitoring. It is suggested that you use the Wowza Server remote interface since it is more easily configured and can be properly exposed through hardware or software based firewalls. The following two sections describe the configuration process. Wowza Media Server built-in JMX interface configuration The remote JMX interface built into Wowza Media Server 2 can be configured through the JMXRemoteConfiguration and AdminInterface sections of the [install- dir]/conf/Server.xml file. This section contains the following settings: JMXRemoteConfiguration - Enable, IpAddress, RMIServerHostName, RMIConnectionPort, RMIRegistryPort The Enable setting is a boolean value that can either be true or false and is the main switch to turn on and off the remote JMX interface. The default value is false. Setting this value to true (with no further modifications to the other settings), will turn on the remote JMX interface with authentication. The default username/password is admin/admin and the URL for invocation in JConsole or VisualVM is: service:jmx:rmi://localhost:8084/jndi/rmi://localhost:8085/jmx rmi The IpAddress and RMIServerHostName work together to properly expose the JMX interface to the network. In general, the IpAddress should be set to the internal ip address of the server
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 72 running Wowza Media Server and RMIServerHostName should be set to the external ip address or domain name of the machine. For example, if the server running Wowza Server is behind a network translated ip address (NAT) such that the internal ip address of the server is 192.168.1.7 and the external ip address is 40.128.7.4, the two settings should be as follows: <IpAddress>192.168.1.7</IpAddress> <RMIServerHostName>40.128.7.4</RMIServerHostName> With this configuration you would use the following URL to connect to the JMX interface: service:jmx:rmi://40.128.7.4:8084/jndi/rmi://40.128.7.4:8085/j mxrmi The RMIConnectionPort and RMIRegistryPort settings control the TCP ports used to expose the RMI connection and RMI registry interfaces. These values only need to be changed if Wowza Server reports port conflicts upon startup. The default values for these settings are 8084 and 8085 respectively. The RMIConnectionPort corresponds to the first port number in the connection URL and the RMIRegistryPort to the second. The IpAddress, RMIConnectionPort and RMIRegistryPort effect the connection URL in the following way: service:jmx:rmi://[ RMIServerHostName]:[RMIConnectionPort]/jndi/rmi://[RMIServerHostName]:[RMIRegistryPort]/jmxrmi If the remote JMX interface is enabled, Wowza Server upon startup will log the URL of the currently configured JMX interface. This is probably the most reliable way to determine the JMX URL to use to connect to the server. To enable remote JMX monitoring through software or hardware based firewalls, open TCP communication for the two ports defined by the RMIConnectionPort and RMIRegistryPort settings. JMXRemoteConfiguration - Authenticate, PasswordFile, AccessFile The Authenticate setting is a boolean value that can either be true or false and is the main switch to turn on and off remote JMX interface authentication. The PasswordFile and AccessFile settings are the full path to the JMX password and access files. The password file is a text file with one line per user. Each line contains a username followed by a space followed by a password. The access file contains one line per user. Each line contains a username followed one of two access permission identifiers; readwrite or readonly. A sample password file jmxremote.password and sample access file jmxremote.access can be found in the conf directory of the installation. These files define three named users: admin (password admin) – access readwrite monitorRole (password admin) - access readonly controlRol (password admin) - access readwrite
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 73 Note Some Java Runtime Environments require that both the password and access files have read only privileges. On Linux, this can be achieved by setting the permissions on both files to 600. chmod 600 conf/jmxremote.access chmod 600 conf/jmxremote.password JMXRemoteConfiguration - SSLSecure The SSLSecure setting is a boolean value that can either be true or false and is the switch to turn on and off remote JMX interface over SSL. SSL configuration can get quite involved. The following online documentation describes the process for enabling SSL with JMX: http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html#gdemv . AdminInterface/ObjectList The AdminInterface/ObjectList setting is a comma separated list of object types that you wish to expose through the JMX interface. This list can contain any number of the following items: Server - Server level connection and performance info and notifications VHost - Information about currently running virtual hosts VHostItem - Details of currently configured virtual hosts Application - Application level connection and performance info ApplicationInstance - Application Instance level connection and connection info Module - Details of currently loaded modules MediaCaster - Details of media caster objects (ie, live stream repeater) Client - Details of each connected Flash session MediaStream - Details of each individual server side NetStream object SharedObject - Details of currently loaded shared objects Acceptor - Details of currently running host ports or TCP ports IdleWorker - Details of currently running idle workers Exposing Client, MediaStream and/or SharedObject information can add significant load to the server and to the JMX interface. You will most likely want to turn off this level of detail for deployed solutions. JVM built-in JMX interface configuration The remote JMX interface built into the Java Virtual Machine can be configured through the Wowza Media Server start scripts. The following scripts in the bin folder can be edited to enable remote JMX monitoring startup.bat – Windows standalone startup script WowzaMediaServer-Service.conf - Windows service config script startup.sh - Linux/Mac OS X standalone startup script wms.sh - Linux/Mac OS X service startup script
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 74 Each of these scripts contain commented out configuration parameters that can be used to configure the remote interface. A detailed description of the process for configuring the remote interface can be found at http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html. Below are the settings that are used to configure remote connections. -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=192.168.1.7 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=1099 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true - Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=jmxremote.password -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=jmxremote.access -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=[port-number] The remote port that the JMX service will listen on, for remote connections. Be sure to open up this port on any firewalls between the server and the remote client. -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=[true,false] Boolean value that turns on or off remote SSL connections. Default is true. If set to true, you must properly install and configure server side digital certificates. A detailed description of the procedure for installing and configuring digital certificates can be found at: http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html#gdemv . -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=[true,false] -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=[path-to- password-file] -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=[path-to-access- file] These three settings control remote JMX authentication. To turn off authentication set com.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate to false. To enable authentication set com.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate to true and configure the password and access files as defined below. The password file is a text file with one line per user. Each line contains a username followed by a space followed by a password. The access file contains one line per user. Each line contains a username followed by one of two access permission identifiers; readwrite or readonly. A sample password file jmxremote.password and sample access file jmxremote.access can be found in the conf directory of the installation. These files define three named users: admin (password admin) – access readwrite monitorRole (password admin) - access readonly controlRol (password admin) - access readwrite
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 75 Before configuring your server for authentication, you will want to change the default usernames and passwords. Many virtual machines require that these files have read-only file permissions. On Windows the file must be located outside the C:Program File folder and the file permissions can be set using the cacls command. To setup authentication on Windows, do the following:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 76 1. Create a folder at the root of your C: drive named WowzaMediaServerJMX. 2. Copy the [install-dir]/conf/jmxremote.access and [install- dir]/conf/jmxremote.password into this new folder. 3. Open a DOS command shell, change directory to C:WowzaMediaServerJMX, and run the following cacls command on the two files: cacls jmxremote.password /P [username]:R cacls jmxremote.access /P [username]:R Where [username] is the user running the java process or service. 4. Update the jmxremote settings to reflect the new location: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=C:WowzaMediaServerJMXjmxremote.password -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=C:WowzaMediaServerJMXjmxremote.access On Linux and Mac OS X there is no need to move the files from their default location. Simply change the file permissions using chmod. Below is an example: chmod 600 jmxremote.password chmod 600 jmxremote.access -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=[hostname/ip-address] Server host name or ip address. This setting is often required if the server either has multiple ip addresses or if the hostname for the server resolves to different ip address based on how the server is being accessed (inside and outside a firewall or router space). Note When running Wowza Media Server 2 as a Windows service, the JMX interface will not be available unless the service is running as a named user. To configure the service to run as a named user, go to Settings>Control Panel>Administrative Tools>Services and right click on the Wowza Media Server service and select Properties. Next, click on the Log On tab, change the Log on as radio to This account and enter a user name and password for a local user. Remote Management Remote Management Using JConsole JConsole can also be used to monitor a remote Wowza Server. Once you configured the remote JMX interface as described above, run JConsole. Enter the remote JMX interface URL into the Remote Process field. The default remote JMX interface URL for the Wowza Media Server 2 built-in JMX interface is:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 77 service:jmx:rmi://localhost:8084/jndi/rmi://localhost:8085/jmx rmi The default remote JMX interface URL for the JVM built-in JMX interface is: service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi Finally, enter your user name and password into the provided fields and click the Connect button. You should now be connected to the remote server and able to view the JMX hierarchy. Remote Management Using VisualVM Another great tool for monitoring Wowza Media Server 2 over JMX is VisualVM. VisualVM can be downloaded from the following location: http://visualvm.dev.java.net Once you get it installed and running, it is best to install the MBean plugin. To do this select the Plugins command from the Tools menu. In the Available Plugins tab put a check mark next to the VisualVM-MBean plugin and click the Install button. Once you get this plugin installed it will provide similar information to JConsole. You can select Add JMX Connection from the File menu to add your Wowza Media Server 2 to the Applications list. Object Overview This section describes the more important top level objects that can be used to monitor the server’s performance and uptime. This section will not cover each and every object that is exposed by the server. These objects are available under the WowzaMediaServer object in the MBean section of JConsole and VisualVM. Server The server object contains information about when the server was started and how long it has been running. VHosts The VHosts collection includes information on each of the running virtual hosts. From here you get access to each of the running applications and applications instances. At each level of the hierarchy (Server, VHost, Application, ApplicationInstance) you can get detailed information on number of connections (Connections object) and the input/output performance (IOPerformance object). IOPerformance The Server exposes IOPerformance objects at many different levels of the object hierarchy. These objects can be used to monitor server performance and throughput at that section of the server. For example the IOPerformance object under a particular VHost will display the throughput of that particular virtual host.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 78 Connections The Server exposes Connections objects at many different levels of the object hierarchy. These objects can be used to monitor client connections to that section of the server. For example the Connections object under a particular Application object will display the current clients connected to that particular Application. VHost/[vHostName] - HandlerThreadPool, TransportThreadPool The HandlerThreadPool and TransportThreadPool objects expose information about each of the worker thread pools that are owned by each of the virtual hosts. You can use this object to monitor thread usage and load. ServerNotifications The ServerNotifications object publishes notification events pertaining to the connection limits and connection bursting capabilities of Wowza Media Server. Wowza Media Server 2 can generate the following notification events: com.wowza.wms.connect.WarningServerLicenseLimit - connection accepted in bursting zone (warning) com.wowza.wms.connect.ErrorServerLicenseLimit - connection refused due due to license limit com.wowza.wms.connect.WarningVHostLimit - connection refused due to virtual host limit The body of the JMX notification message is a string with information about the virtual host, application, application instance, client id, ip address and referrer that generated the event. Notification events can be viewed in JConsole by navigating to the MBean tab, opening the WowzaMediaServer group and selecting the ServerNotification object. Next, select the Notifications tab and click the Subscribe button. All events will display as new rows in the Notifications list. Only events that occur after you subscribe to the notifications will be displayed.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 79 Virtual Hosting How do I let multiple users share my Wowza Server server? owza Media Server 2 can be configured to run multiple virtual host environments. Each of these virtual host environments has its own set of configuration files, application folders and log files. This enables a single server to serve multiple users in separate environments. By default the server is configured with a single virtual host named _defaultVHost_. Configuration Files Below is a description of the VHosts.xml file in the conf directory that is used to define a virtual host. VHosts.xml The VHosts.xml configuration file is used to define each of the virtual host environments. Below is a description of each of the items that are required to define a virtual host. VHosts/VHost/Name The name of the virtual host. VHosts/VHost/ConfigDir The configuration directory for the virtual host. The contents of this directory will be described below. VHosts/VHost/ConnectionLimit The maximum number of simultaneous connections this virtual host can support. If this value is zero the virtual host can have an unlimited number of simultaneous connections. Chapter 11 W
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 80 Typical Configuration Let’s jump in and look at a typical VHosts.xml file for a virtual host environment that contains two virtual hosts: vhost1 and vhost2. <Root> <VHosts> <VHost> <Name>vhost1</Name> <ConfigDir>/home/vhosts/vhost1</ConfigDir> <ConnectionLimit>0</ConnectionLimit> </VHost> <VHost> <Name>vhost2</Name> <ConfigDir>/home/vhosts/vhost2</ConfigDir> <ConnectionLimit>0</ConnectionLimit> </VHost> </VHosts> </Root> The directory structure for these two virtual hosts would be the following:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 81 [/home/vhosts] [vhost1] [applications] [conf] Application.xml Authentication.xml HTTPStreamers.xml LiveStreamPacketizers.xml MediaCasters.xml MediaReaders.xml MediaWriters.xml MP3Tags.xml RTP.xml StartupStreams.xml Streams.xml VHost.xml admin.password publish.password [content] [keys] [logs] [vhost2] [applications] [conf] Application.xml Authentication.xml HTTPStreamers.xml LiveStreamPacketizers.xml MediaCasters.xml MediaReaders.xml MediaWriters.xml MP3Tags.xml RTP.xml StartupStreams.xml Streams.xml VHost.xml admin.password publish.password [content] [keys] [logs] Note
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 82 See the logging section for instructions on how to configure per virtual host logging. The process for virtual host configuration is very simple. Virtual hosts are defined in the VHosts.xml file in the conf directory. Each virtual host gets its own configuration directory structure that contains an application, conf and logs directory. Each virtual host gets its own set of configuration files. It is very important to note that Wowza Server only supports ip-address/port based virtual hosting and does not support domain named based virtual hosting. What this means is that in VHost.xml each virtual host must define HostPort entries with unique ip-address and port combinations that do not conflict with other virtual hosts defined on a given server. The following combinations represent valid vhost port configurations: vhost1: <HostPort> <IpAddress>192.168.1.2</IpAddress> <Port>1935</Port> <HostPort> vhost2: <HostPort> <IpAddress>192.168.1.2</IpAddress> <Port>1936</Port> <HostPort> Or vhost1: <HostPort> <IpAddress>192.168.1.2</IpAddress> <Port>1935</Port> <HostPort> vhost2: <HostPort> <IpAddress>192.168.1.3</IpAddress> <Port>1935</Port> <HostPort> Through the JMX interface and the VHosts.xml configuration file, virtual hosts can be added, modified and deleted on the fly without stopping and restarting the server. The virtual host operations can be accessed through JConsole. First, with the server running, start JConsole and select the MBean tab. Open the WowzaMediaServer group and select the Server object. The virtual host operations are found under the Operations tab. There are three operations of interest:
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 83 startVHost - start an individual vhost by name stopVHost - stop an individual vhost by name reloadVHostConfig - reload the VHosts.xml configuration file To add a new virtual host without restarting the server, edit VHosts.xml, add a new virtual host definition, then copy and configure a new set of configuration files as described above. Next, open JConsole and navigate to the Server object and click the reloadVHostConfig to reload the VHosts.xml file. Finally, enter the name of the new virtual host into the text entry box next to the startVHost button and click the button. The new virtual host will be started immediately.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 84 Examples & AddOn Packages What do each of these examples do and where do I get AddOn Packages? owza Media Server 2 ships with many examples that highlight the functionality of the server. This chapter describes each of these examples. All Adobe Flash examples are implemented using ActionScript 3.0. For most Flash examples, there is also an ActionScript 2.0 implementation provided in the clientAS2 folder and an Adobe Flex version in the examples clientFlex folder. Older Flash players may only support ActionScript 2.0. Wowza Media Systems also provide several AddOn Packages that extend and enhance the functionality of Wowza Media Server. An up to date list of AddOn Packages can found here: AddOn Packages Note In the root folder of each example is a README.txt that contains any extra installation steps that are necessary to make the example function. To view the examples, navigate to [wowza-install- dir]/examples SimpleVideoStreaming This example includes a video on demand player for Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight. It includes source code for Adobe Flash CS3 or greater, Adobe Flex 3 or greater, Microsoft Silverlight 3 or greater and an Open Source Media Framework (OSMF) based Flash player. It utilizes the default stream type. LiveVideoStreaming This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates how to setup and playback live video. It includes source code for Adobe Flash CS3 or greater, Adobe Flex 3 or greater, Microsoft Silverlight 3 or greater and an Open Source Media Framework (OSMF) based Flash player. It utilizes the live and rtp-live stream types. Chapter 12 W
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 85 VideoChat This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates how to implement video chat between two users. It utilizes the live-lowlatency stream type and uses the Camera and Microphone objects to obtain video and audio content. The example can either stream video and audio data between two client connections or loop the data back to itself. VideoRecording This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates how to implement client to server video recording. It utilizes the record stream type and uses the Camera and Microphone objects to obtain video and audio content. TextChat This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates how to implement a simple text chat application. It utilizes the default stream type. SHOUTcast This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates how re-stream SHOUTcast MP3 or AAC+ audio data through Wowza Media Server 2. It utilizes the shoutcast stream type. RemoteSharedObjects This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates the basics of remote shared objects. It implements the basic remote shared object interface and the onSync event handler to highlight how data is synchronized between client connections. To see the data synchronization in action, try opening two instances of the example. While you make changes in one instance you will see the data update in the other. ServerSideModules This example is referenced by the Wowza IDE: User’s Guide and is a good starting point to learn how to create your first custom server side module.
U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 86 MediaSecurity Wowza Media Systems provides a media security package that includes SecureToken and RTMP Authentication functionality as well as a document that covers other methods of securing Wowza Media Server 2. To obtain the latest version of this package, visit the following Wowza Media Server support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnMediaSecurity BWChecker This is an Adobe Flash example that provides a means for testing the bandwidth between individual Flash client connections and Wowza Media Server 2. It includes both a debugging tool that can be used to interactively test bandwidth as well as Flash code that you can embed into your Flash application. LoadBalancer Wowza Media Systems provides a dynamic load balancing package that you can add to the Wowza Media Server 2. To obtain the latest version of this package, visit the following Wowza Media Server support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnDynamicLoadBalancing

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Wowza mediaserver usersguide

  • 2. Wowza Media Server 2: User’s Guide Version: 2.2.4 Copyright  2006 – 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. http://www.wowzamedia.com ®
  • 3. Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Third-Party Information This document contains links to third-party websites that are not under the control of Wowza Media Systems, Inc. (“Wowza”) and Wowza is not responsible for the content on any linked site. If you access a third-party website mentioned in this document, then you do so at your own risk. Wowza provides these links only as a convenience, and the inclusion of any link does not imply that Wowza endorses or accepts any responsibility for the content on third-party sites. This document refers to third party software that is not licensed, sold, distributed or otherwise endorsed by Wowza. Please ensure that any and all use of Wowza software and third party software is properly licensed. Trademarks Wowza, Wowza Media Systems, Wowza Media Server and related logos are trademarks of Wowza Media Systems, Inc., and may be registered in the United States or in other jurisdictions including internationally. Adobe and Flash are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated, and may be registered in the United States or in other jurisdictions including internationally. Silverlight is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. QuickTime, iPhone, iPad and iPod are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Apple, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Other product names, logos, designs, titles, words, or phrases mentioned may be trademarks, service marks or trade names of other entities and may be registered in certain jurisdictions including internationally. Third Party Copyright Notices Log4j and Mina: Copyright © 2006 The Apache Software Foundation Java ID3 Tag Library and JLayer 1.0 (classic): Copyright © 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Java Service Wrapper: Copyright © 1999, 2006 Tanuki Software, Inc. Bouncy Castle Crypto API: Copyright © 2000 – 2008, The Legion Of The Bouncy Castle
  • 4. Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................. 5 Real-Time Messaging Protocol (Adobe Flash Player).......................................................................5 Flash HTTP Streaming (Adobe Flash Player) ...................................................................................6 Apple HTTP Live Streaming (iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, QuickTime and more) ................................7 Microsoft Smooth Streaming (Microsoft Silverlight)...........................................................................7 Real-Time Streaming Protocols (QuickTime, VLC, 3GPP Devices, Set-top Boxes) .........................8 Video and Audio Streaming, Recording and Chat .............................................................................8 Extending the Server .........................................................................................................................9 Adobe Flash Player Features ............................................................................................................9 Server Architecture ............................................................................................................................9 Wowza Media Server 2 Editions......................................................................................................10 Server Installation..................................................................................................... 11 Before Installation ............................................................................................................................11 Installing the Server .........................................................................................................................12 Starting and Stopping the Server.....................................................................................................14 Entering a New Serial Number ........................................................................................................16 Ports Used For Streaming ...............................................................................................................17 Server Configuration and Tuning.....................................................................................................17 Application Configuration ......................................................................................... 20 Applications and Application Instances (Application.xml)................................................................20 URL Formats....................................................................................................................................21 Stream Types...................................................................................................................................22 HTTPStreamers and LiveStreamPacketizers ..................................................................................23 Modules ...........................................................................................................................................24 Properties.........................................................................................................................................24 Media Types ....................................................................................................................................25 Content Storage...............................................................................................................................25 Streaming Tutorials................................................................................................... 27 How to play a video on demand file.................................................................................................27 How to publish and play a live stream (RTMP or RTSP/RTP based encoder)................................27 How to publish and play a live stream (MPEG-TS based encoder).................................................27 How to publish and play a live stream (native RTP encoder with SDP file).....................................28 How to re-stream video from an IP camera .....................................................................................28 How to re-stream audio from SHOUTcast/Icecast...........................................................................28 How to setup video chat application ................................................................................................28 How to setup video recording application........................................................................................28 Advanced Configuration Topics ............................................................................... 29 MediaCasters, Stream Manager and StartupStreams.xml ..............................................................29 Live Stream Repeater (Multiple Server Live Streaming) .................................................................30 Live Stream Recording ....................................................................................................................34 Server-side Publishing (Stream and Publisher classes)..................................................................34 Dynamic Load Balancing .................................................................................................................35 Media Security (SecureToken, authentication and encryption) .......................................................35 Push Publishing ...............................................................................................................................35 MediaCache.....................................................................................................................................35 Adobe Flash Streaming and Scripting...................................................................... 36 Streaming Basics.............................................................................................................................36 Pre-built Media Players....................................................................................................................37 Bi-directional Remote Procedure Calls............................................................................................38 Remote Shared Objects ..................................................................................................................39 Server-side Modules and Extensions ....................................................................... 41 Sever-side Modules .........................................................................................................................41 HTTPProviders ................................................................................................................................42
  • 5. Built-in Server-side Modules............................................................................................................43 Built-in HTTPProviders ....................................................................................................................46 Extending Wowza Server Using Java....................................................................... 48 Custom Module Classes..................................................................................................................48 HTTPProvider Classes ....................................................................................................................56 Event Listeners ................................................................................................................................57 Server Administration ............................................................................................... 61 Configuring SSL and RTMPS ..........................................................................................................61 Logging ............................................................................................................................................63 Run Server as Named User.............................................................................................................68 Server Management Console and Monitoring .......................................................... 70 Local Management Using JConsole ................................................................................................70 Remote JMX Interface Configuration...............................................................................................71 Remote Management ......................................................................................................................76 Object Overview...............................................................................................................................77 Virtual Hosting .......................................................................................................... 79 Configuration Files...........................................................................................................................79 Typical Configuration .......................................................................................................................80 Examples & AddOn Packages .................................................................................. 84 SimpleVideoStreaming ....................................................................................................................84 LiveVideoStreaming.........................................................................................................................84 VideoChat ........................................................................................................................................85 VideoRecording ...............................................................................................................................85 TextChat ..........................................................................................................................................85 SHOUTcast......................................................................................................................................85 RemoteSharedObjects.....................................................................................................................85 ServerSideModules .........................................................................................................................85 MediaSecurity ..................................................................................................................................86 BWChecker......................................................................................................................................86 LoadBalancer...................................................................................................................................86
  • 6. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Introduction What is Wowza Media Server 2? owza Media Server 2 is high-performance, extensible and fully interactive media streaming software platform that provides live and on-demand streaming, chat and remote recording capabilities to a wide variety of media player technologies. Wowza Server can deliver content to many popular media players such as Adobe’s® Flash® Player, Microsoft’s Silverlight® player, Apple’s iPhone®, iPad™ and iPod® touch and Apple’s QuickTime® player, among others. Wowza Media Server 2 includes support for many streaming protocols including the Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Microsoft Smooth Streaming, Apple HTTP Live Streaming, Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Flash HTTP Streaming protocol, Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), MPEG2 Transport Streams (MPEG-TS) and more. It is an alternative to the Adobe Flash Media Server products (FMIS and FMSS), Apple Streaming Server (Darwin), Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Services) and other media servers. For the most up to date information, tutorials and tips, visit the support section of http://www.wowzamedia.com at: Support & Forums To get started quickly with Wowza Media Server 2, see the Quick Start Guide included with the Wowza Media Server 2 software installer and also available online at: Quick Start Guide Real-Time Messaging Protocol (Adobe Flash Player) Wowza Media Server 2 communicates with the Adobe Flash player using the Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP). Wowza Server can deliver multi-bitrate live and on-demand media, data and remote procedure call information to and from the Flash player using RTMP. It supports media streaming as well as other features such as: shared objects, video recording, video chat, remote procedure calls and more. Wowza Media Server 2 supports all video and audio formats that the Flash player supports: Chapter 1 W
  • 7. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Video  H.264  VP6  SorensonSpark  Screen Shared codec Audio  AAC, AAC Low Complexity (AAC LC), AAC High Efficiency v1 and v2 (HE-AAC)  MP3  Speex  NellyMoser ASAO Wowza Server supports five variants of the protocol: RTMP, RTMPE (encrypted RTMP), RTMPT (tunneling), RTMPTE (encrypted RTMPT) and RTMPS (RTMPT over SSL). RTMP is the base protocol and is the most efficient and fastest of the five variants. RTMPT is a tunneling variant of the RTMP protocol that can be used to tunnel through firewalls that employ stateful packet inspection. RTMPE and RTMPTE are encrypted variants of the RTMP and RTMPT protocols that secure the data being transmitted between the Flash player and Wowza Media Server. Wowza Server includes bi-directional support for Action Message Format (AMF) AMF3 and AMF0 for data serialization (AMF3 was introduced in Flash Player 9 and ActionScript 3.0). Flash HTTP Streaming (Adobe Flash Player) Wowza Media Server 2 can stream multi-bitrate live and video on demand content to Flash player 10.1 or greater using the Flash HTTP Streaming protocol. Flash HTTP Streaming is a chunk based streaming protocol that uses HTTP for delivery. All media chunking and packaging necessary to deliver a stream using this protocol is performed by Wowza Server. Flash HTTP Streaming is referred to in the Wowza Server documentation and configuration files as San Jose Streaming. When streaming video on demand content, Wowza Server supports MP4 files (QuickTime container) and MP3 files (FLV files are not supported at this time). As of the writing of this document Wowza Server supports the following video and audio codecs when using this streaming protocol: Video  H.264  VP6 (live only)  SorensonSpark (live only)  Screen Shared codec (live only)
  • 8. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Audio  AAC, AAC Low Complexity (AAC LC), AAC High Efficiency v1 and v2 (HE-AAC)  MP3  Speex (live only)  NellyMoser ASAO (live only) Apple HTTP Live Streaming (iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, QuickTime and more) Wowza Media Server 2 can stream multi-bitrate live and video on demand H.264, AAC and MP3 content to iOS based devices ( iPhone/iPad/iPod touch iOS version 3.0 or greater), QuickTime player (version 10 or greater), Safari browser (version 4.0 or greater) and other devices such as the Roku set-top box using the Apple HTTP Live Streaming protocol. Apple HTTP Live Streaming is a chunk based streaming protocol that uses HTTP for delivery. All media chunking and packaging necessary to deliver a stream using this protocol is performed by Wowza Server. Wowza Server supports the encrypted version of the Apple HTTP Live Streaming protocol which uses a 128-bit version of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-128). Apple HTTP Live Streaming is referred to in the Wowza Server documentation and configuration files as Cupertino Streaming. As of the writing of this document the iPhone, iPad and iPod touch devices support the following media formats: Video  H.264 Audio  AAC, AAC Low Complexity (AAC LC), High Efficiency AAC v1 (HE-AAC)  MP3 Microsoft Smooth Streaming (Microsoft Silverlight) Wowza Media Server 2 can stream multi-bitrate live and video on demand H.264, AAC and MP3 content to the Microsoft Silverlight player, Windows Phone 7 devices and other devices using the Smooth Streaming protocol. Microsoft Silverlight is a cross-browser, cross-platform technology that exists on many personal computing devices. Smooth Streaming is a chunk based streaming protocol that uses HTTP for delivery. All media chunking and packaging necessary to deliver a stream using this protocol is performed by Wowza Server so there is no need for an IIS 7 server. The following media formats can be used when streaming to the Silverlight player using Wowza Server: Video  H.264
  • 9. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Audio  AAC, AAC Low Complexity (AAC LC), AAC High Efficiency v1 and v2 (HE-AAC)  MP3 Real-Time Streaming Protocols (QuickTime, VLC, 3GPP Devices, Set-top Boxes) Wowza Media Server 2 can stream live H.264, AAC and MP3 content to players and devices that support the Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and MPEG2 Transport Stream protocol (MPEG-TS). This includes players and devices such as QuickTime Player, VideoLAN VLC player, set-top boxes and 3GPP devices. Wowza Server can also accept incoming streams from encoding devices that use these same protocols. Wowza Server supports RTP and MPEG-TS in and out over UDP as well as Multicast. In addition, Wowza Server supports interleaved RTSP/RTP (RTP over the RTSP TCP connection) and RTSP/RTP tunneling (RTSP/RTP over HTTP) which enables RTSP/RTP to be delivered in network environments that do not allow UDP transmission. Wowza Server supports the following RTSP, RTP and MPEG-TS specifications: RTSP rfc2326 RTP: H.264 rfc3984, QuickTime Generic RTP Payload Format RTP: AAC rfc3640, rfc3016, ISO/IEC 14496-3 RTP: MP3 rfc2250 RTP: Speex rfc5574 MPEG-TS ISO/IEC 13818-1 MPEG-TS over RTP rfc2038 Video and Audio Streaming, Recording and Chat Wowza Media Server 2 can stream live and video on demand content to many different player technologies. Wowza Media Server 2 supports the following video on demand file formats: FLV (Flash Video - .flv), MP4 (QuickTime container - .mp4, .f4v, .mov, .m4v, .mp4a, .3gp, and .3g2) and MP3 content (.mp3). Wowza Server can accept live video and audio streams from encoders that support the following protocols; RTMP, RTSP/RTP, native RTP and MPEG-TS. Wowza Server can record any incoming live stream to either the Flash Video (FLV) or MP4 (QuickTime container) format. Wowza Media Server 2 can be used to re-stream SHOUTcast and Icecast (MP3, AAC and AAC+) audio streams as well as IP Camera streams (H.264, AAC and MP3) to the supported player technologies. Wowza Server will maintain a single connection back to the original source stream while delivering the stream to multiple players. Wowza Server is also able to forward the embedded SHOUTcast and Icecast metadata such as song title and artist to the Adobe Flash player client as metadata. The SHOUTcast example that ships with Wowza Server illustrates these capabilities.
  • 10. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Wowza Media Server 2 can deliver two-way video, audio and text chat to the Adobe Flash player. This feature can be leveraged to deliver video conferencing applications or two-way messaging applications. Extending the Server Wowza Media Server 2 is built using Java technology. The server can be extended by writing custom Java classes that are dynamically loaded at runtime. Server extensions (also referred to as modules) run at the full speed of the server. The server includes a rich API to interact with and control the streaming process. Wowza Server ships with several example server extensions. See the chapter Extending Wowza Server Using Java for more detailed information and the support section of http://www.wowzamedia.com for code examples. Adobe Flash Player Features Wowza Media Server 2 includes support for two Adobe Flash specific features; Remote Shared Objects (RSO) and bi-directional remote procedure calls. Remote Shared Objects are an extension of ActionScript objects that enables the synchronization of shared object data between Flash players on the same or different client machines. Shared data is synchronized by the Wowza Server server through an event based synchronization method. RSO’s can also be persisted on the server to maintain data across sessions. Bi-directional remote procedures calls are a way for ActionScript code running in the Flash player to invoke methods and pass data to Wowza Server. Wowza Server can in turn invoke methods and pass data to the Flash player. This enables rich client/server applications to be built using the Flash player and Wowza Server. These features are available when using the RTMP protocol. Server Architecture Wowza Media Server 2 is a pure Java server. It is written in Java and can be extended dynamically using custom Java classes. Wowza Server can be deployed in any environment that supports the Java 6 virtual machine or later. Wowza Server is fully 64-bit compliant. It is architected to be highly multi-threaded and can take full advantage of multi-core hardware. All logging is done using the log4j logging component and utilizes the W3C Extended Common Log Format (ECLF). Wowza Media Server 2 was architected from the ground up to handle multiple streaming protocols. The server side API is designed to make it easy to control the streaming process of each of the supported streaming protocols and player technologies. Streaming is controlled through the creation and configuration of a streaming application. A single application can be configured to simultaneously deliver live or video on demand content to multiple player technologies. Wowza Media Server 2 includes the ability to share a single server using a virtual hosting configuration. Virtual hosts can be configured with their own system resource and streaming limitations.
  • 11. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Wowza Media Server 2 Editions Wowza Media Server 2 comes in five editions: Developer, Evaluation, Software Subscription, Perpetual and Wowza Media Server 2 for Amazon EC2. Developer edition The Developer and the Subscription/Perpetual editions differ only in the number of concurrent connections the server can handle (10 and unlimited respectively), streaming time duration limits on selected protocols (limited and unlimited respectively), and licensing rights (see the Wowza EULA for more information); all other functionality is exactly the same Evaluation edition The Evaluation edition provides the same functionality as the Subscription/Perpetual editions but is limited to 30 days of use and other restrictions apply as described in the Evaluation EULA Addendum Subscription and Perpetual editions Subscription and Perpetual editions differ only by licensing terms (see the Wowza EULA for more information); all other functionality is exactly the same. Wowza Media Server 2 for Amazon EC2 edition The Wowza Media Server 2 for Amazon EC2 edition provides the same functionality as the Subscription/Perpetual editions but under different licensing terms (see the Wowza EULA and the Wowza Media Server 2 for Amazon EC2 EULA, respectively, for more information). The Wowza Media Server 2 for Amazon EC2 edition is a pre-configured version of Wowza Media Server 2 running in the Amazon Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2) environment (see the following web page for more information: http://www.wowzamedia.com/ec2.php).
  • 12. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Server Installation How do I install Wowza Media Server 2? owza Media Server 2 is a small and powerful Java server. Below are the instructions needed to choose the correct version of Java and install and run Wowza Server. Before Installation Wowza Media Server 2 is a Java 6 (aka 1.6) application. To run, it requires the installation of a Java 6 or greater runtime environment (JRE). To develop server side applications, a Java Development Kit (JDK) version 6 or later is required. The server also implements a Java Management Extensions (JMX) interface that can be used to manage and monitor the server. One of the more popular JMX consoles is JConsole, which ships with the JDK. So what does this all mean? If you are developing server side applications or are going to monitor a local or remote Wowza Server, you need to install Java Development Kit version 6 (aka 1.6) or greater. If you are simply deploying Wowza Server for production use, then you need only install a Java runtime environment version 6 (aka 1.6) or greater. We recommend installing the most recent version of the Java JDK or JRE for your platform. Note We suggest that you deploy Wowza Media Server 2 under the most recent version of either the Java Development Kit (JDK) or Java Runtime Environment (JRE) available on your platform. On the Windows platform the Java Runtime Environment does not include the server runtime environment (which is explained in the tuning instructions). This environment is included with the Java Development Kit. For this reason when running on Windows, we suggest installing the JDK. Once you have your Java environment installed and configured, you can validate that it is correct by opening a command prompt (command shell) and entering the command java –version. If correctly installed and configured, it will return a version number that is equal to or greater than 1.6. Chapter 2 W
  • 13. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Note The Support section of the Wowza Media Systems website contains additional information and links to help with obtaining the correct Java environment and tools for your platform. You can visit this site at: http://www.wowzamedia.com/forums. Note Wowza Media Server 2 on the Windows platform uses the JAVA_HOME environment variable to determine the location of the Java environment under which to run. If you have problems starting Wowza Server on Windows, double check to be sure the JAVA_HOME variable is pointing to a Java 6 (aka 1.6) or greater Java environment. When making changes or upgrades to your Java environment that may affect the installation path, be sure to update the JAVA_HOME variable to point to the new location. The JAVA_HOME variable should point to the base folder of the Java installation. This is the folder that contains the bin folder. Installing the Server On the Windows and Mac OS X platforms Wowza Media Server 2 is installed using an installer. On Linux, Solaris and other Unix based platforms, the software is installed using a self extracting binary installer. These are available for download at: http://www.wowzamedia.com/store.html Windows To install Wowza Media Server 2 on Windows, double-click the installer file and follow the instructions on the screen. During the installation process you will be asked to enter the product serial number. You cannot proceed with the installation until you have entered a valid serial number. There is information below on how to change your serial number if you need to upgrade your server license. Files will be installed to the following location: /Program Files (x86)/Wowza Media Systems/Wowza Media Server 2.2.4 - Here you will find documentation server application files and folders, bin, conf, content, examples, lib and logs To uninstall, choose Uninstall Wowza Media Server from the Start>Programs>Wowza Media Server 2.2.4 menu. Mac OS X To install Wowza Media Server 2 on Mac OS X, mount the disk image (double-click .dmg) file, double-click the installer package (.pkg) file and follow the instructions on the screen. Files will be installed to the following locations.
  • 14. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 /Applications/Wowza Media Server 2.2.4 - server startup/shutdown scripts & documentation /Library/WowzaMediaServer - server application files and folders: applications, bin, conf, content, examples, lib and logs /Library/LaunchDaemons - background service script com.wowza.WowzaMediaServer.plist /Library/Receipts - installer receipt file WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4- preview7.pkg The first time you run the server in standalone mode you will be asked to enter your serial number. The serial number is stored in the file /Library/WowzaMediaServer/conf/ Server.license. There is information below on how to change your serial number if you need to upgrade your server license. To uninstall, throw the following folders and files into the trash. folder: /Applications/Wowza Media Server 2.2.4 folder: /Library/WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 symlink: /Library/WowzaMediaServer file: /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.wowza.WowzaMediaServer.plist file: /Library/Receipts/WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.pkg Linux To install on Linux systems follow the steps below: Red Hat Package Manager Systems sudo chmod +x WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.rpm.bin sudo ./WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.rpm.bin To uninstall: sudo rpm –e WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 Debian Package Manager Systems sudo chmod +x WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.deb.bin sudo ./WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.deb.bin To uninstall: sudo dpkg –-purge wowzamediaserver You will be asked to agree to the End User License Agreement. The package manager will extract and install the files in the /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 directory. The server will be installed as the root user. The first time you run the server in standalone mode you will be asked to enter your serial number. The serial number is stored in the file
  • 15. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/conf/Server.license. There is information below on how to change your serial number if you need to upgrade your server license. Other Linux and Unix Systems To install the server on other Linux and Unix based systems, such as Solaris, open a terminal window. Download WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.tar.bin to any directory, and execute the self extracting installer: sudo chmod +x WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.tar.bin sudo ./WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4.tar.bin You will be asked to agree to the End User License Agreement. The self-extracting installer will install the files in the /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 directory. The server will be installed as the root user. The first time you run the server in standalone mode you will be asked to enter your serial number. The serial number is stored in the file /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/conf/Server.license. There is information below on how to change your serial number if you need to upgrade your server license. To uninstall: cd /usr/local rm –rf WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 Starting and Stopping the Server Windows: Standalone On Windows, Wowza Media Server 2 can be started in standalone mode from the Start menu: All Programs>Wowza Media Server 2.2.4>Wowza Startup/Shutdown. The server can also be started from a DOS command prompt. To do this, open a DOS command prompt and execute the following commands: cd %WMSAPP_HOME%bin startup.bat Windows: Service To start the server as a Windows service, from the Windows Start menu, enter Services into the search field. A list of search results will be displayed - select Services from the results. Scroll down the list until you locate the Wowza Media Server entry. Next, right click on the entry and select Start from the context menu. To stop the server select Stop from the same context menu. To configure the service to run each time Windows restarts, select Properties from the right click context menu, set Startup type to Automatic and click the OK button to close the dialog.
  • 16. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Note By default the Windows service is running under the Local System Account. This can limit how Wowza Media Server 2 can interact with the underlying operating system. For example you might not be able to connect to Wowza Server using JConsole/JMX or you may have issues streaming content from UNC paths. To address these issues, modify the service to run as a named user in the Log On tab of the service properties dialog. Mac OSX: Standalone On Mac OS X the server can be started in standalone mode either by invoking it from the Server Startup script in /Applications/Wowza Media Server 2.2.4 or by opening a Terminal window and entering the following commands: cd /Library/WowzaMediaServer/bin ./startup.sh Mac OSX: Service To start the server as a Mac OS X launchd service, open a Terminal window and enter: sudo launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.wowza.WowzaMediaServer.plist To stop the service, enter: sudo launchctl unload -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.wowza.WowzaMediaServer.plist Linux: Standalone To start the server in standalone mode on Linux, open a command shell then enter the following commands: cd /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/bin ./startup.sh To stop the server enter: ./shutdown.sh Linux: Service To start the server as a Linux service, open a command prompt and enter one of these two commands (it differs based on your Linux distribution):
  • 17. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 /sbin/service WowzaMediaServer start or /etc/init.d/WowzaMediaServer start To stop the service, enter one of these two commands: /sbin/service WowzaMediaServer stop or /etc/init.d/WowzaMediaServer stop Note The method of running init.d based services may be different on different Linux distributions. Please consult your Linux manual if these instructions do not apply to your Linux distribution. Note The Linux services script subsystem does not use the full $PATH definition to determine the location of Linux commands. It uses what is known as the init path. This can lead to an issue on Linux distributions where the default installation location for Java cannot be found by applying the init path. See this support article for more information: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=tipsJavaInstall Entering a New Serial Number Wowza Media Server 2 stores serial number information in the following file (on each of the platforms): %WMSCONFIG_HOME%confServer.license - Windows /Library/WowzaMediaServer/conf/Server.license - Mac OS X /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/conf/Server.license - Linux/Unix To change the serial number, edit this file using a text editor and enter the new serial number. Upon next launch of the standalone server, the last four digits of the serial number will be displayed in the console window.
  • 18. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Ports Used For Streaming Before streaming with Wowza Media Server 2, it is important that you open the following ports on your firewall. The table below represents the defaults ports Wowza Server uses for streaming. All of these port numbers are configurable through the configuration files described later in this document. TCP 1935 RTMP/RTMPT/RTMPE/RTSP-interleaved Streaming UDP 6970-9999 RTP UDP Streaming TCP 8084-8085 JMX/JConsole Monitoring and Administration TCP 8086 Administration By default Wowza Media Server 2 is configured to only use TCP port 1935 for streaming. You may want to configure additional ports for streaming such as TCP port 80 for HTTP or RTMPT or TCP port 554 for RTSP streaming. To add an additional port using a text editor, edit [install- dir]/conf/VHost.xml and duplicate the <HostPort> entry for port 1935 (be sure to get the entire XML section starting with <HostPort> and ending with </HostPort>) and change the <Port> value to the desired port. Wowza Server cannot share ports with other programs or services. So be sure there are no other programs or services running that share the added ports. Below is a table of common ports used for streaming: TCP 80 RTMPT, Smooth Streaming, Cupertino Streaming, San Jose Streaming TCP 443 RTMPS TCP 554 RTSP Server Configuration and Tuning Wowza Media Server 2 is configured through a set of XML, configuration and properties files in the [install-dir]/conf folder. These configuration files are read during server startup. The configuration files can be directly edited using a standard text editor. Below is a brief explanation of each of the configuration files: Server Configuration Files Server.xml - General Server configuration VHosts.xml - Define virtual hosts log4j.properties - Logging configuration Virtual Host Configuration Files Authentication.xml - RTSP and HTTP authentication configuration HTTPStreamers.xml - Cupertino, Smooth and San Jose Streaming configuration LiveStreamPacketizers.xml - HTTP packetization configuration MediaCasters.xml - MediaCaster (SHOUTcast, Live Repeater…) configuration MediaReaders.xml - File format reader configuration MediaWriters.xml - File format writer configuration MP3Tags.xml - MP3 ID3 tag naming RTP.xml - RTP and MPEG-TS packetization configuration
  • 19. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 StartupStreams.xml - Streams started at virtual host startup Streams.xml - Stream type configuration VHost.xml - Virtual host configuration Application Configuration Files Application.xml - Application configuration The Configuration Reference document that accompanies this User’s Guide contains detail information on each of these configuration files. The settings associated with the Java runtime environment, such as the command used to invoke Java and the maximum Java heap size, are controlled through a set of scripts and configuration files. The location of these files differs depending on platform and the method used to invoke the server. Below is a description of each of these files. bin setenv.bat (Windows) The binsetenv.bat is invoked when the server is started from the command line. The most important settings in this file are: set _EXECJAVA=java # Command used to invoke java set JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx768M" # Command line options for java command binWowzaMediaServer-Service.conf (Windows) The binWowzaMediaServer-Service.conf is the configuration file used when the server is invoked as a Windows service. The most important settings in this file are: wrapper.java.command=java # Command used to invoke java wrapper.java.initmemory=3 # Initial Java Heap Size (in MB) wrapper.java.maxmemory=768 # Maximum Java Heap Size (in MB) /Library/WowzaMediaServer/bin/setenv.sh (Mac OS X) The bin/setenv.sh is invoked when the server is started in standalone and service mode. The most important settings in this file are: _EXECJAVA=java # Command used to invoke java JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx768M" # Command line options for java command /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/bin/setenv.sh (Linux) The bin/setenv.sh is invoked when the server is started in standalone mode. The most important settings in this file are:
  • 20. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 _EXECJAVA=java # Command used to invoke java JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx768M" # Command line options for java command Note It is very import that Wowza Server be tuned properly so that it can take best advantage of the available hardware resources. The default tuning of the server is sufficient for application development, but it not ideal for productions use. Without proper tuning, the server under medium to heavy load will run out of resources and will stop working properly. See the General Tuning Guide support article online at: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=performanceGeneralTuning
  • 21. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Application Configuration How do I create and configure an application for streaming? ll streaming in Wowza Media Server 2 is controlled through the creation and configuration of an application. An application is defined simply by creating a folder in the [install- dir]/applications folder. For example, to create a new application named myapplication, create the folder: [install-dir]/applications/myapplication A single application can be configured to deliver a live or video on demand stream to the Adobe Flash player, the Silverlight player, an Apple iOS devices (iPhone, iPad or iPod touch, Roku set- top box) and an RTSP/RTP based player at the same time. The Quick Start Guide contains basic tutorials with the step by step instructions on how to configure an application for the more common streaming tasks. The remainder of this chapter will cover the details of application configuration. For more detailed configuration information see the Configuration Reference document that accompanies this document. Applications and Application Instances (Application.xml) As seen above, an application is created by creating a named folder in [install-dir]/application. The name of the application is the name of the folder. An Application.xml file defines the configuration for a given application. An application instance is an instantiation of an application and provides a name space and context for streaming. An application instance is started dynamically and a single application may have multiple named application instances all running at the same time. If no name is specified for an application instance then the default name _definst_ is used. In many streaming scenarios, a single application instance is used per- application and the name is never referenced and defaults to _definst_. Multiple application instances are more commonly used in video chat and video conferencing scenarios where you need to create multiple rooms for streaming. In this case, an application instance is used to separate streaming into rooms. Each room is a separate application instance and provides separation and a name space for each room. Application configuration is defined in an Application.xml file. When an application instance is loaded, it looks in the following two locations for an Application.xml file (where [application] is the application name): Chapter 3 A
  • 22. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 [install-dir]/conf/[application]/Application.xml [install-dir]/conf/Application.xml The first Application.xml file located will be used. Note It is a common mistake to put the Application.xml file in the [install- dir]/applications/[appplication] folder. All configuration files for Wowza Server and its applications should be located in the [install-dir]/conf folder. URL Formats All streaming in Wowza Server is initiated with a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The application and application instance names are specified as part of the streaming URL. The URL format used for streaming whether it be for the Flash player, Silverlight, RTSP/RTP or the iPhone all follow a similar format: [protocol]://[address]:[port]/[application]/[appInstance]/[streamName]/[post-fix] Where: [protocol]: - streaming protocol (rtmp, rtsp, http …) [address]: - address of the server running Wowza Server [port]: - port number to use for streaming (1935 is the default) [application] - application name [appInstance] - application instance name [streamName] - stream name and prefix [post-fix] - option information specific to player technology In most streaming scenarios, if the stream name does not contain any path elements and the default application instance name is to be used, the URL can be shortened to: [protocol]://[address]:[port]/[application]/[streamName] Below are example URLs for the different player technologies. This example assumes we are streaming the live video with the stream name myStream using the application name live. Adobe Flash Player (RTMP): Server: rtmp://mycompany.com/live Stream: myStream Adobe Flash Player (Flash HTTP – San Jose Streaming): http://mycompany.com:1935/live/myStream/manifest.f4m Apple iPhone, iPad or iPod touch (Cupertino Streaming): http://mycompany.com:1935/live/myStream/playlist.m3u8 Microsoft Silverlight (Smooth Streaming): http://mycompany.com:1935/live/myStream/Manifest RTSP/RTP: rtsp://mycompany.com:1935/live/myStream
  • 23. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Now is probably a good time to take a quick look at the default Application.xml file. Use a text editor to edit the default Application.xml file. The rest of this chapter covers the more commonly configured items in this file. Stream Types Wowza Media Server 2 uses named stream types to control the different types of streaming (live, video on demand, chat, remote recording…). Stream types are configured using the Streams/StreamType property in Application.xml. Stream types are defined in [install- dir]/conf/Streams.xml. Below is a list of the stream types and their uses: Stream Type Use default Video on demand file Video on demand record Video recording live Publish and play live video content (best for one-to-many streaming of live events) live-lowlatency Publish and play live video content (best for one-to-one or one-to-few video/audio chat applications) live-record Same as live in addition content will be recorded live-record-lowlatency Same as live-lowlatency in addition content will be recorded shoutcast Audio re-streaming of a SHOUTcast/Icecast MP3 or AAC+ audio stream shoutcast-record Same as shoutcast in addition content will be recorded liverepeater-origin Publish and play live video content across multiple Wowza Media Server servers in an origin/edge configuration (use to configure origin application) liverepeater-origin-record Same as liverepeater-origin in addition content will be recorded liverepeater-edge Publish and play live video content across multiple Wowza Servers in an origin/edge configuration (use to configure edge application) liverepeater-edge-lowlatency Publish and play live video content across multiple Wowza Servers in an origin/edge configuration (use to configure edge application when latency is important) liverepeater-edge-origin Publish and play live video content across multiple Wowza Servers in an origin/edge/edge configuration (use to configure an middle-edge application) rtp-live Re-streaming of an RTSP/RTP, native RTP or MPEG-TS stream rtp-live-lowlatency Re-streaming of an RTSP/RTP, native RTP or MPEG-TS stream when latency is important) rtp-live-record Same as rtp-live in addition content will be recorded rtp-live-record-lowlatency Same as rtp-live-lowlatency in addition content will be recorded
  • 24. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Each stream type exposes properties that are used for tuning of the stream type. For example, the stream type definition for live and live-lowlatency only differ in the tuning which is accomplished through the stream properties. Properties defined in [install- dir]/conf/Streams.xml for a given stream type can be overridden on a per-application basis by defining new values in the Streams/Properties container in Application.xml. For example, to change the flushInterval of the live-lowlatency stream type the <Streams> section of the Application.xml should look like this: <Streams> <StreamType>live-lowlatency</StreamType> <StorageDir>${com.wowza.wms.context.VHostConfigHome}/content</StorageDir> <KeyDir>${com.wowza.wms.context.VHostConfigHome}/keys</KeyDir> <LiveStreamPacketizers></LiveStreamPacketizers> <Properties> <Property> <Name>flushInterval</Name> <Value>30</Value> <Type>Integer</Type> </Property> </Properties> </Streams> HTTPStreamers and LiveStreamPacketizers The <HTTPStreamers> setting in Application.xml controls if the streams in the defined application (live or video on demand) are made available for playback to the iPhone/iPad/iPod touch and Microsoft Silverlight players. HTTPStreamers can contain none, one or more the following values (separated by commas): cupertinostreaming, smoothstreaming, sanjosestreaming. If the cupertinostreaming value is present then the stream is available for playback by the iPhone, iPad and iPod touch (as well as with an appropriate version of QuickTime/Safari on Mac OS). If the smoothstreaming is present then the stream is available for playback by Microsoft Silverlight. The <LiveStreamPacketizers> setting works in a similar fashion but only applies to live streams. It controls how live streams are packetized for delivery to the the HTTP streaming technologies. LiveStreamPacketizers can contain none, one or more of the following values (separated by commas): LiveStreamPacketizers Description cupertinostreamingpacketizer Cupertino: iPhone, iPad and iPod touch smoothstreamingpacketizer Smooth: Microsoft Silverlight sanjosestreamingpacketizer San Jose: Flash HTTP cupertinostreamingrepeater Cupertino: Live stream repeater for iPhone/iPad/iPod touch smoothstreamingrepeater Smooth: Live stream repeater for Microsoft Silverlight sanjosestreamingrepeater San Jose: Live stream repeater for Flash HTTP You would set the packetizer with a repeater value when using the server in an Origin/Edge configuration. This is described later in this document in the section titled Live Stream Repeater (Multiple Server Live Streaming).
  • 25. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Modules Modules are Java classes that are loaded dynamically when an application instance is loaded and provide an application’s functionality. In Application.xml, the <Modules> list defines an order dependent list of the modules to be loaded for a given application. Many AddOn Packages provide additional functionality through the use of modules. The details of modules are discussed in the Server-side Modules chapter. A basic module definition looks like this: <Module> <Name>base</Name> <Description>Base</Description> <Class>com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleCore</Class> </Module> Each module must have a unique name. The <Description> information is for providing a detailed description of the module and is not used in any operations. The <Class> item is the full path to the Java class that is providing the module’s functionality. In general new modules are always added to the end of the <Modules> list. The Java class that makes up a server-side module is most often bound into a .jar file that is copied to the [install-dir]/lib folder. The Wowza Server comes with many modules that can be added to the <Modules> list to provide additional functionality. See the Built-in Modules section for a complete list. You can also use the Wowza IDE to develop your own custom modules to provide additional functionality. See the Extending Wowza Server Using Java chapter for more information. Note The Wowza Integrated Development Environment (Wowza IDE) is a free tool available for download at: http://www.wowzamedia.com/ide.html Properties The default Application.xml file contains several different <Properties> containers that can be used to add or override property values within Wowza Server. Properties are a list of name/value pairs that provide a means for tuning and modifying the default configuration of the Wowza Server. Properties can also be used server-side as a means to pass data to custom modules from Application.xml. You will see in this document, the support section of http://www.wowzamedia.com and the Quick Start Guide references to individual properties. There currently is not a comprehensive document that lists all the available properties. A property definition has the following form:
  • 26. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 <Property> <Name>[name]</Name> <Value>[value]</Value> <Type>[type]</Type> </Property> Where <Name> is the property name, <Value> is the property value and <Type> is the property type. Valid property types are: String, Integer, Boolean, Double and Long. It is important when tuning the server to be sure to add properties to the correct container. The instructions for tuning will always specify which <Properties> container a property should be added to for tuning. Media Types Media types are not configured in Application.xml but are an important part of streaming. Wowza Media Server 2 supports many different media types. Wowza Server can read the following media or file types: FLV (Flash Video - .flv), MP4 (QuickTime container - .mp4, .f4v, .mov, .m4v, .mp4a, .3gp, .3g2 …), MP3 content (.mp3) and SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language - .smil). Media types are specified through a prefix to the stream name. For example to play the MP4 file mycoolvideo.mov use the stream name mp4:mycoolvideo.mov where mp4: is the media type prefix. The default media type prefix if none is specified is flv:. Below is the table of the supported media type prefixes: Media type prefix Description flv: Flash Video (default if no prefix specified) mp4: QuickTime container mp3: MP3 file id3: MP3 file (return only ID3 tag information) smil: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language The media type prefix is also used to control the file container used to record live video. If when publishing video the media type prefix mp4: is specified, then the content will be recorded to an MP4 (QuickTime) container. If the media type prefix flv: or no prefix is specified an FLV or Flash Video container fill be used. Only H.264, AAC and MP3 content can be recorded to an MP4 container. Content Storage By default Wowza Media Server 2 is setup to stream video on demand content and record to the [install-dir]/content folder. You can easily change this behavior by editing an application’s Application.xml file and changing the value of Streams/StorageDir. For example to setup an Application to use an application specific content folder you might change this value to: ${com.wowza.wms.context.VHostConfigHome}/applications/ ${com.wowza.wms.context.Application}/content
  • 27. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Using this setting content will be streamed from the [install- dir]/applications/[application]/content folder where [application] is the application’s name. The Streams/StorageDir field supports the following variables: ${com.wowza.wms.AppHome} - Application home directory ${com.wowza.wms.ConfigHome} - Configuration home directory ${com.wowza.wms.context.VHost} - Virtual host name ${com.wowza.wms.context.VHostConfigHome} - Virtual host config directory ${com.wowza.wms.context.Application} - Application name ${com.wowza.wms.context.ApplicationInstance} - Application instance name
  • 28. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 Streaming Tutorials Where do I get step-by-step instructions? he support section of the Wowza Media Systems site contains tutorials that include step by step instructions for common streaming scenarios. These instructions cover how to setup up streaming to the common player technologies such as the Flash player, Silverlight player, iOS devices and mobile devices. Below is a brief description of each of the streaming scenarios with a link to the online tutorial: How to play a video on demand file This tutorial describes how to stream video on demand files. How to play a video on demand file How to publish and play a live stream (RTMP or RTSP/RTP based encoder) This tutorial describes how to publish and play a live stream when using an encoder that supports either the Real-time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) or the RTSP Announce Method. Examples of encoders that support RTMP publishing are: Telestream Wirecast, On2 Flix Live and Orban Opticodec. Examples of encoders that support the RTSP Announce Method are: Telestream Wirecast and QuickTime Broadcaster. How to publish and play a live stream (RTMP or RTSP/RTP based encoder) How to publish and play a live stream (MPEG-TS based encoder) This tutorial describes how to publish and play a live stream when using an encoder that supports MPEG2 Transport Streams (MPEG-TS). Examples of encoder vendors that sell products that support MPEG-TS publishing are: HaiVision, Digital Rapids and ViewCast. How to publish and play a live stream (MPEG-TS based encoder) Chapter 4 T
  • 29. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 How to publish and play a live stream (native RTP encoder with SDP file) This tutorial describes how to publish and play a live stream when using an encoder that supports Real-time Transport Protocol (native RTP). Examples of encoder vendors that sell products that support native RTP publishing are: HaiVision, Digital Rapids, ViewCast and Telestream. How to publish and play a live stream (native RTP encoder with SDP file) How to re-stream video from an IP camera This tutorial describes how to re-stream and play a live stream from an IP camera. How to re-stream video from an IP camera How to re-stream audio from SHOUTcast/Icecast This tutorial describes how to re-stream and play a live SHOUTcast or Icecast audio stream. How to re-stream audio from SHOUTcast/Icecast How to setup video chat application This tutorial describes how to setup an application for video chat using the Adobe Flash player. How to setup video chat application How to setup video recording application This tutorial describes how to setup an application for video recording using the Adobe Flash player. How to setup video recording application
  • 30. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 Advanced Configuration Topics How do I take advantage of Wowza Server’s features? his chapter covers more advanced streaming topics. Some of the functionality discussed is provided by AddOn Packages. AddOn Packages are downloadable packages that include server extensions along with documentation for adding more advanced features to Wowza Media Server 2. Because of this several of these advanced topics will include a brief overview with a link to the AddOn Package. A list of available AddOn packages can be found here: AddOn Packages MediaCasters, Stream Manager and StartupStreams.xml Wowza Media Server 2 includes a system for re-streaming called MediaCaster. The MediaCaster system is used for re-streaming IP Camera streams (RTSP/RTP streams), SHOUTcast/Icecast streams and native RTP encoders. The MediaCaster system pulls a stream from a stream source and makes it available for streaming to the different player technologies supported by Wowza Server. This system works on demand - when the first request comes in for a given stream a connection is made to the source stream and the stream is made available to the player. When the last viewer of the stream stops watching a given stream the MediaCaster system waits for a timeout period. If no other players request the stream, then the stream is stopped and the stream is no longer available for streaming until another request comes in for the streams. This methodology works great for the Adobe Flash player (RTMP) and RTSP/RTP streaming where there is no need for advanced packetization. For HTTP Streamers such as Cupertino, Smooth Streaming and Flash HTTP streaming the pull model does not work. The iOS devices require about 30 seconds of video to be pre-packetized before they can begin playback. Microsoft Silverlight requires three times the key frame duration. For this reason it is necessary to start the stream prior to the stream being ready for streaming to these player technologies. There are two methodologies for starting a stream that uses the MediaCaster system and keeping it running; Stream Manager and the StartupStreams.xml. The Stream Manager is a web based tool for starting and stopping MediaCaster streams on the fly that is built into Wowza Media Server 2. To startup the Stream Manager do the following: Chapter 5 T
  • 31. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 1. Edit [install-dir]/conf/admin.password and enter a new line with a username and password. For example to add the username myuser with the password mypassword the contents of this file should look like: # Admin password file (format [username][space][password]) #username password myuser mypassword 2. Open a web browser and enter the URL: http://[wowza-ip-address]:8086/streammanager To start a stream, click on the [start-receiving-stream] link under the application to which you want to startup the stream, select the MediaCaster type, type in the stream name and click, OK. To stop a stream, click the [stop-receiving-stream] link next to stream name. You can reset a stream by clicking on the [reset-receiving-stream] link. The second method for starting MediaCaster streams is using the StartupStreams.xml file. Stream entries in this file are automatically started when the server is started (or more specifically when a virtual host is started). The StartupStreams.xml is a list of application, media caster types and stream names. The format of a single entry is: <StartupStream> <Application>live</Application> <MediaCasterType>rtp</MediaCasterType> <StreamName>rtsp://192.168.1.7:554/mycoolstream.sdp</Str eamName> </StartupStream> There are also several server-side methods that can be used to start and stop streams using the MediaCaster system. See the server-side API documentation for the following two methods: IApplicationInstance.startMediaCasterStream(…); IApplicationInstance.stopMediaCasterStreams(…); Live Stream Repeater (Multiple Server Live Streaming) The following example illustrates a suggested configuration and implementation for delivering a live media event across multiple Wowza Media Server 2 servers. We will walk through the configuration and deployment of the live stream repeater. The live stream repeater uses multiple Wowza Servers in an origin and edge configuration to deliver live media content across multiple servers. The encoded media content will be delivered to the origin server in the same manner as if you were delivering the content to a single Wowza Server. The player will request the content from an edge server and the edge server will maintain a single connection per-unique stream to the origin. Origin and edge configuration is an application level configuration. A single Wowza Server instance can be configured as an origin for one application and an edge for another.
  • 32. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 31 For this example we will setup a single origin server using the application name liverepeater. Here are the steps to configure the origin server:
  • 33. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 1. Create a folder named [install-dir]/applications/liveorigin. 2. Create a folder named [install-dir]/conf/liveorigin and copy the file [install- dir]/conf/Application.xml into this new folder. 3. Edit the newly copied Application.xml file and make the following changes: a. Change the Streams/StreamType to liverepeater-origin b. Change the LiveStreamPacketizers to: cupertinostreamingpacketizer,smoothstreamingpacketizer,sanjosestreamingpacketizer Next, configure each of the edge servers as follows: 1. Create a folder named [install-dir]/applications/liveedge. 2. Create a folder named [install-dir]/conf/liveedge and copy the file [install- dir]/conf/Application.xml into this new folder. 3. Edit the newly copied Application.xml file and make the following changes: a. Change the Streams/StreamType to liverepeater-edge (you can use the liverepeater-edge-lowlatency stream type if low latency is important, this will add extra load to the server). b. Change the LiveStreamPacketizers to: cupertinostreamingrepeater,smoothstreamingrepeater,sanjosestreamingrepeater c. Uncomment the Repeater/OriginURL section and set OriginURL to rtmp URL of the origin server. For example if the origin server uses the domain name origin.mycompany.com, this value should be set to: <Repeater> <OriginURL>rtmp://origin.mycompany.com/liveorigin</OriginURL> <QueryString></QueryString> </Repeater> For this example let’s assume the origin server uses the domain name origin.mycompany.com and that there are 3 edge servers with the domain names edge1.mycompany.com, edge2.mycompany.com, edge3.mycompany.com. Let’s also assume that we are going to use the stream name mycoolevent. The URLs for the players are as follows (assuming we are streaming off of edge1): Adobe Flash Player (RTMP): Server: rtmp://edge1.mycompany.com/liveedge Stream: mycoolevent Adobe Flash Player (Flash HTTP – San Jose): http://edge1.mycompany.com:1935/liveedge/mycoolevent/manifest.f4m
  • 34. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 Apple iPhone, iPad or iPod touch (Cupertino): http://edge1.mycompany.com:1935/liveedge/mycoolevent/playlist.m3u8 Microsoft Silverlight (Smooth): http://edge1.mycompany.com:1935/liveedge/mycoolevent/Manifest RTSP/RTP: rtsp://edge1.mycompany.com:1935/liveedge/mycoolevent It is possible to configure more than one origin server to provide a hot backup in case the main origin server goes down. Let’s say the failover origin server has the domain name origin2.mycompany.com. Assuming it is configured in the same manner as the main origin server, you would set the following Repeater/OriginURL in each of the edge’s Applications.xml files: <Repeater> <OriginURL>rtmp://origin.mycompany.com/liveedge|rtmp://origin2.mycompany.com/liveedge</OriginURL> <QueryString></QueryString> </Repeater> Basically it’s the two connection URLs concatenated together with the pipe ( | ) character. The edge servers will first try to connect to the first origin server, if this fails they will attempt to connect to the second origin server. This example assumes you are using an encoder in which the stream name is a simple name and not a URL. If you are using an encoder such as an MPEG-TS encoder in which the stream name is not a simple stream name, then you can use .stream files on the origin to hide the complex stream names. For example if your complex stream name on the origin is udp://0.0.0.0:10000, use a text editor to create a file in the [install-dir]/content folder with the name mycoolevent.stream and set the contents to udp://0.0.0.0:10000. You then use mycoolevent.stream in place of mycoolevent in the URLs above to play the stream. Note The Media Security AddOn Package describes how to secure the connection between the origin and edge machines using SecureToken. Note If you are streaming to an iOS device, Microsoft Silverlight player or are using Flash HTTP to stream to Flash and are using a non-push based encoder (native RTP or MPEG-TS) then you will need to use the Stream Manager to start and keep the stream running on the origin. The streams do not need to be kept running on the edges.
  • 35. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 34 Note To provide load balancing between the edge servers you can use the dynamic load balancing system referenced in the Dynamic Load Balancing section. Live Stream Recording The VideoRecording example that ships with Wowza Media Server 2 is a specialized way of remote recording of a live stream when using the Adobe Flash player. It uses the record stream type and special capabilities built into the Flash player to control the recording process. If you simply want to record an incoming live stream from an encoder, then there are two more general purpose methods to accomplish this; use one of the *-record stream types (such as live-record) or use the LiveStreamRecord AddOn package. The *-record stream types are the simplest method but give you the least amount of control. If you use this method the entire duration of the published stream will be recorded. If the encoder starts and stops, the file will be versioned with a version number and a new file will start. You can control the container format used (FLV or MP4) by specifying a stream name prefix in the encoder. If the prefix FLV: is specified, then the stream will be recorded to an FLV container. If the prefix is mp4:, then the stream will be recorded to an MP4 (QuickTime) container. Remember that an MP4 container can only record H.264, AAC and MP3 media data. If you are recording using the Flash player the FLV container is the only option. Another option is the LiveStreamRecord AddOn package. This package gives you more control over the recording process. The package includes a server side module that can be used to control the recording process (the source code is included). You can control when the recording starts and stops, the file name and location and the container format as well as other small details. The package is available for download here: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnLiveStreamRecord Server-side Publishing (Stream and Publisher classes) Wowza Media Server 2 includes two methods for doing server-side publishing; the Stream class and the Publisher class. The Stream class is a high level server-side API for mixing live and video on demand content on the fly into a single destination stream. It provides the ability to do television style publishing. It also includes a package that enables creation of a server-side XML based playlist. For more information regarding the Stream class see this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeStreamClass The Publisher class is a low level publishing API to provide the ability to inject raw compressed video and audio frames into Wowza Server to create a custom live stream. This API is quite new so at this time we do not have a lot of documentation and examples. We hope to have more information as the feature matures. See the Publisher classes server-side API (Javadoc
  • 36. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 documentation) for the current detailed documentation. There is also an audio example which walks through the process of publishing Speex data to a stream in this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodePublisherClass Dynamic Load Balancing The Dynamic Load Balancing AddOn package provides a method for dynamically load balancing between multiple Wowza Server edge servers. The edge servers communicate with one or more load balancing Wowza Servers. You can then connect to the load balancing server to get the currently least loaded edge server. You can download the package from this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnDynamicLoadBalancing Media Security (SecureToken, authentication and encryption) The MediaSecurity AddOn Package provides a set of server-side modules and methodologies for protecting streaming to the different player technologies. It includes a detailed tutorial for protecting streaming using SecureToken, authentication and encryption. You can download the package from this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnMediaSecurity Push Publishing The Push Publishing AddOn Package provides an API for pushing streams from a Wowza Media Server to a remote Wowza Media Server, Flash Media Server or CDN (Content Delviery Network). You can request this package from this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnPushPublishing MediaCache The MediaCache AddOn package is a read through caching mechanism for video on demand streaming. Similar to the live repeater technology aimed at increasing the scalability of live streaming, the MediaCache technology is a means of scaling video on demand streaming. You can request this package from this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnMediaCache
  • 37. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 36 Adobe Flash Streaming and Scripting What can I do with Wowza Server and the Adobe Flash player? owza Media Server 2 includes additional features that are only applicable to the Adobe Flash player when using the RTMP protocol (or any of the variants). When using Wowza Server with the Adobe Flash player, Wowza Server is much more then just a streaming server - it is an application server. It provides features such as shared objects, video chat, remote recording and bi-directional remote procedures calls. This chapter covers all of these topics. Streaming Basics We will start with the most basic code needed to play a live or video on demand stream in Flash. Let’s assume we have followed the instructions in the How to play a video on demand file tutorial in the Quick Start Guide and we have an application with the name vod that is setup for video on demand streaming. Do the following in Adobe Flash CS3 or CS4: 1. Create a new Flash File with ActionScript 3.0 support. 2. Select Library from the Window menu to open the library palette. 3. Right click in the library palette and select New Video…, enter symbol name video and click OK to create the video object. 4. Drag the video item from the library to the stage, then in the properties palette give it an instance name of video1. 5. Select the menu item Window->Actions from the menu and select Scene 1 in the Actions items list. 6. Enter the following code: Chapter 6 W
  • 38. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 var nc:NetConnection = new NetConnection(); var ns:NetStream = null; function ncOnStatus(infoObject:NetStatusEvent) { trace("ncOnStatus: "+infoObject.info.code); if (infoObject.info.code == "NetConnection.Connect.Success") { trace("Connection established"); ns = new NetStream(nc); ns.bufferTime = 3; video1.attachNetStream(ns); ns.play("mp4:Extremists.m4v"); } } nc.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, ncOnStatus); nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/vod"); 7. Select Control->Test Movie from the menu. You should be streaming the Extremists.m4v example file. This is the most basic ActionScript 3.0 code needed for live or video on demand playback. If you quickly inspect the code, you can see how simple it is. We create a NetConnection object for streaming, add an event listener so that we get notified when the connection to Wowza Server is established, and when we are notified of a successful connection, we create a NetStream object and begin playback of the stream. The SimpleVideoStreaming and LiveVideoStreaming example players that ship with Wowza Server take this example a little further. These example players support progress bars, pause, stop and full screen. Inspecting the code for these two examples is a good next step for learning how to stream. The VideoChat and VideoRecording examples are a great starting point to learn how to publish video and audio using the built-in Camera and Microphone objects. Pre-built Media Players Building your own custom player with advanced functionality can be a daunting task. Another option is to use pre-built Flash video players. There are many options. We are going to cover a few of the more popular options: Adobe FLVPlayback component, JW Player, FlowPlayer and the Adobe Media Playback player. The Adobe FLVPlayback component is a pre-built video player component that you can add to your own Flash project. It includes features such as play, pause, seek, stop and fullscreen. It comes with Adobe Flash CS3, CS4 and CS5. From time to time the component is updated. It is best to keep your Adobe Flash software up to date to be sure you are running the most recent version. The nice thing about this component is that it can be integrated into your own custom Flash code. JW Player is pre-built Flash based player offered by Long Tail Video. It includes a rich set of features such as playlists, skinning and ad serving. It is fully supported and there is a commercial option. It also includes a built-in version of the Wowza SecureToken security mechanism. You can download it from here:
  • 39. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 38 http://www.longtailvideo.com There are instructions on how to use it with Wowza Server in these support articles: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeJWPlayerLatest http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeJWTokenLatest Another option is FlowPlayer which is an open source pre-built Flash based player. It includes a rich set of features similar to JW Player. It also includes a built-in version of the Wowza SecureToken. You can download it from here: http://flowplayer.org There are instructions on how to use it with Wowza Server in this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeFlowPlayerLatest Another option is the Adobe Media Playback player. This player supports both RTMP streaming as well as Flash HTTP streaming (San Jose Streaming). The player is built on the Open Software Media Framework (OSMF) and is hosted by Adobe. There are instructions on how to use it with Wowza Server in this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeAdobeMediaPlaybackLatest Bi-directional Remote Procedure Calls Wowza Media Server 2 supports bi-direction remote procedure calls to and from the Adobe Flash player. What this means is from the Flash player you can call a server-side Java method and pass data to the Wowza Server and from the Wowza Server you can call a client-side ActionScript method and pass data to the Flash player. This is very useful when building Rich Internet Applications. Calls from the Flash player to Wowza Server are performed using the following method: NetConnection.call(methodName, resultObj, params…) For example, to call the server-side method doSomething and pass two parameters value1 and value2 and receive a single return value, the ActioniScript 3.0 client-side code looks like this (we will cover the server-side code for this method later in this document): function onMethodResult(returnVal:String):Void { trace("onMethodResult: "+returnVal); } nc.call("doSomething", new Responder(onMethodResult), value1, value2);
  • 40. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 39 Receiving method calls from Wowza Server are done by adding handler methods/functions to the client object that is attached to the NetConenction object. For example, to add the handler method onSomethingHappended that receives two string parameters value1 and value2, the ActionScript 3.0 code looks like this: var clientObj:Object = new Object(); clientObj.onSomethingHappened(value1:String, value2:String):Void { trace("onSomethingHappened: "+value1+":"+value2); } nc.client = clientObj; We will go into more detail on the programming model in the chapter; Extending Wowza Server Using Java. Remote Shared Objects Wowza Media Server 2 supports Adobe Flash remote shared objects. Remote shared objects are a means for sharing data between Wowza Server and multiple Flash players. Each Flash player that subscribes to a shared object will be notified of updates to the shared object data. Shared object data can be changed client-side by a Flash player or server-side through the Wowza Server ISharedObject API. Below is an example of the ActionScript 3.0 code needed to create a remote shared object and set a value:
  • 41. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 40 var nc:NetConnection = new NetConnection(); var test_so:SharedObject = null; var timer:Timer = null; function ncOnStatus(infoObject:NetStatusEvent) { trace("ncOnStatus: "+infoObject.info.code); if (infoObject.info.code == "NetConnection.Connect.Success") { test_so = SharedObject.getRemote("test", nc.uri); test_so.addEventListener(SyncEvent.SYNC, syncEventHandler); test_so.connect(nc); timer = new Timer(1000, 1); timer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, setSOProperty); timer.start(); } } function syncEventHandler(ev:SyncEvent) { trace("syncEventHandler"); var infoObj:Object = ev.changeList; for (var i = 0; i < infoObj.length; i++) { var info:Object = infoObj[i]; if (info.name != undefined) trace(" "+info.name+"="+test_so.data[info.name]); else trace(" [action]="+info.code); } } function setSOProperty(ev:TimerEvent):void { test_so.setProperty("testName", "testValue"); } nc.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, ncOnStatus); nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/vod"); The RemoteSharedObjects example that ships with Wowza Server is a more complete remote shared object example. We will go into more detail on the programming model in the chapter; Extending Wowza Server Using Java.
  • 42. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 41 Server-side Modules and Extensions What is a server-side module and what server-side functionality ships with Wowza Media Server 2? uch of the functionality delivered by Wowza Media Server 2 is done through server-side modules and HTTPProviders. Server-side modules are Java classes that are configured on a per-application basis and are loaded at application instance startup and provide much of the functionality needed to control the streaming process. HTTPProviders are Java classes that are configured on a per-virtual host basis and are light-weight HTTP servers that can be used to query server information. In this chapter we discuss each of these methods of extending Wowza Server and the built-in Java classes that are immediately available for use. In the next chapter we discuss how to create your own server-side extensions. Sever-side Modules Server-side modules are Java classes that are configured on a per-application basis and are dynamically loaded at application instance startup. For the most part, server-side modules provide remote methods that are callable from the Adobe Flash player. It is these methods that provide the play, publish, seek, pause and resume functionality needed to control the Flash player streaming process. Server-side modules can also be used to control iPhone/iPad/iPod touch, Microsoft Silverlight, Flash HTTP (San Jose) and RTSP/RTP streaming process as well. The details of how the API works are in the next chapter. Server-side modules are configured by adding <Module> entries to the <Modules> list in an application’s Application.xml file. The default <Modules> list looks like this: Chapter 7 M
  • 43. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 42 <Modules> <Module> <Name>base</Name> <Description>Base</Description> <Class>com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleCore</Class> </Module> <Module> <Name>properties</Name> <Description>Properties</Description> <Class>com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleProperties</Class> </Module> <Module> <Name>logging</Name> <Description>Client Logging</Description> <Class>com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleClientLogging</Class> </Module> <Module> <Name>flvplayback</Name> <Description>FLVPlayback</Description> <Class>com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleFLVPlayback</Class> </Module> </Modules> Each of these modules is described in detail in the Built-in Server-side Module section below. Creating custom server-side modules is covered in the next chapter. HTTPProviders HTTPProviders are mini HTTP servers that can be used to extend the functionality of Wowza Server and are configured on a per-port basis in [install-dir]/conf/VHost.xml. An individual HTTPProvider can be username and password protected. Multiple HTTPProviders can be attached to a single port and the HTTPProvider is selected based on request filter. An example HTTPProvider configuration looks like this: <HTTPProvider> <BaseClass>com.wowza.wms.http.streammanager.HTTPStreamManager</BaseClass> <RequestFilters>streammanager*</RequestFilters> <AuthenticationMethod>admin-digest</AuthenticationMethod> </HTTPProvider> The BaseClass property is the full path to the class that implements the IHTTPProvider interface. The RequestFilters is a pipe ( | ) separated list of filters that control when this provider will be invoked based on the HTTP request path. For example, this above request filter will only be invoked if the path portion of the HTTP request URL starts with streammanager. The AuthenticationMethod is the authentication method used to control access to this HTTPProvider. Valid values are admin-digest and none. The admin-digest authentication method uses digest authentication (a challenge/response system to authenticate user – passwords are never sent in clear text) to control access to the HTTPProvider. The usernames and passwords for admin-digest authentication are stored in the file [install- dir]/conf/admin.password. The none method allows all access. Creating custom HTTPProviders is covered in the next chapter.
  • 44. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 43 Built-in Server-side Modules Below is a list of each of the built-in server-side modules along with a brief description of the functionality that is provided. For detailed information on each of the methods provided in a module see the server-side API reference. ModuleCore – (com.wowza.module.ModuleCore) The ModuleCore module represents the server-side implementation of the Adobe Flash NetConnection, NetStream and SharedObject objects. It is required that this module be included by all applications for the server to operate properly. This module contains several additional server side methods that are highlighted here: Function call Description setStreamType(streamType:String); getStreamType(); Returns and sets the default stream type for this client connection. setRepeaterOriginUrl(originUrl:String); getRepeaterOriginUrl(); Returns and sets the live stream repeater origin URL to use for this connection. getStreamLength(streamName:String); getStreamLength(streamNames:Array); For video on demand streaming it returns the duration of the stream in seconds. If an array of stream names is passed in an array of durations is returned. getClientID(); Returns the client ID for this client connection. getReferrer(); Get the referrer from the onConnect method. getPageUrl(); Get the pageUrl from the onConnect method. getVersion(); Returns the server name and version. getLastStreamId(); Returns the ID number of the last NetStream object that was created by this client.
  • 45. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 44 FCSubscribe(streamName, [mediaCasterType]); FCUnSubscribe(streamName); When using the live stream repeater to lock and unlock a stream on the edge during streaming. This method is useful when doing dynamic streaming to lock all bitrate renditions of a live stream on an edge server to be sure they are available when a switch is made between bitrate renditions. FCPublish(streamName); FCUnpublish(streamName); Called to tell the Wowza Server a new stream is being published. ModuleProperties - (com.wowza.module.ModuleProperties) The ModuleProperties module gives the Flash player client code access to application specific properties (name, value pairs) that are attached to the objects in the server object hierarchy. Function call Description setApplicationProperty(name:String, value:String); getApplicationProperty(name:String); Returns and sets properties attached to this client’s Application object. setAppInstanceProperty(name:String, value:String); getAppInstanceProperty(name:String); Returns and sets properties attached to this client’s Application Instance object. setClientProperty(name:String, value:String); getClientProperty(name:String); Returns and sets properties attached to this client’s object. setStreamProperty(streamId:Number, value:String); getStreamProperty(streamId:Number); Returns and sets properties attached to a NetStream object. NetStream objects are identified by StreamId which can be returned to the client by making a call to getLastStreamId() directly following a call to “new NetStream(nc)”. ModuleClientLogging - (com.wowza.module.ModuleClientLogging) The ModuleClientLogging module enables client side logging to the server.
  • 46. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 45 logDebug(logStr:String); logInfo(logStr:String); logWarn(logStr:String); logError(logStr:String); The following call from the Flash player client: nc.call("logDebug", null, "log this string"); Is the same as a server side call to: getLogger().debug("log this string"); ModuleFastPlay - (com.wowza.module.ModuleFastPlay) The ModuleFastPlay enables fast forward, fast rewind and slow motion play back of static flash video. Fast play is configured by making a call to netStream.call(“setFastPlay”, null, multiplier, fps, direction) before each call to netStream.play, netStream.pause(false), netStream.seek. To turn off fast play simply make a call to netStream.play, netStream.pause(false), netStream.seek without first making a call to setFastPlay. setFastPlay(multiplier:Number, fps:Number, direction: Number); multiplier the speed at which to play the movie. To play a movie at 4x normal speed, set this value to 4.0. To play a movie in slow motion, set this value to a value less than one. For example to playback at quarter speed, set this value to 0.25. fps the frames per second for the resultant video stream. During fast play the server will discard video frames as needed to try to maintain this frame rate. For slow motion (multipliers less than 1) this value is ignored. Note Fast play does not work properly with H.264/HE-AAC content. Note Remember that Flash video is made up of a series of key-frames and progressive-frames (D and P frames). During the fast play process the server is going to throw out mostly progressive-frames in favor of key-frames. Key-frames tend to be much larger than progressive-frame. Because of this you will want to specify a frames-per-second rate that is significantly lower than the movie’s frame rate to maintain a reasonable bandwidth. So for a movie that normally plays at 30 fps a setting of 10fps is about right for fast play. direction the direction of play. A value of 1 for forward and -1 for reverse.
  • 47. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 46 During fast play the time value returned by NetStream.time needs to be shifted and scaled to reflect the current playback position in the movie. Each time fast play is initiated, the NetStream object receives an onStatus(statusObj) event. Wowza Media Server has extended the statusObj to include information about the current fast play settings. The following properties have been added to the statusObj: isFastPlay boolean that is true if fast play is on and false if not. fastPlayMultiplier the multiplier specified in the call to setFastPlay. fastPlayDirection the direction specified in the call to setFastPlay fastPlayOffset the offset used to calculate the true location in the video stream. With this information you can calculate the current playback position by executing the following calculation: var inc:Number; var time:Number; inc = ((NetStream.time*1000)- fastPlayOffset)*fastPlayMultiplier; time = (fastPlayOffset + (fastPlayDirection>0?inc:-inc))/1000; Note The following support article includes an example Flash player that has been fast play enabled: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeFastPlayFlash Note When using the file or default stream type, fast play is not supported when a media playlist contains more than one entry. ModuleFLVPlayback - (com.wowza.module.ModuleFLVPlayback) The ModuleFLVPlayback module is required by the FLVPlayback component. This module must be added to any application that is going to use the FLVPlayback component. Built-in HTTPProviders Below is a list of each of the built-in HTTPProviders along with a brief description.
  • 48. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 47 HTTPServerVersion - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPServerVersion) HTTPServerVersion returns the Wowza Server version and build number. It is the default HTTPProvider on port 1935. HTTPCrossdomain - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPCrossdomain) HTTPCrossdomain serves up the Adobe Flash crossdomain.xml file when present in [install- dir]/conf folder. HTTPClientAccessPolicy - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPClientAccessPolicy) HTTPClientAccessPolicy serves up the Microsoft Silverlight clientaccesspolicy.xml file when present in [install-dir]/conf folder. HTTPStreamManager - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPStreamManager) HTTPStreamManager is the Stream Manager HTTPProvider that is available through administrative port 8086 (http://[wowza-ip-address]:8086/streammanager). HTTPServerInfoXML - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPServerInfoXML) HTTPServerInfoXML return detailed server and connection information in XML format and is available through administrative port 8086 (http://[wowza-ip-address]:8086/serverinfo). HTTPConnectionInfo - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPConnectionInfo) HTTPConnectionInfo return detailed connection information in XML format and is available through administrative port 8086 (http://[wowza-ip-address]:8086/connectioninfo). HTTPConnectionCountsXML - (com.wowza.wms.http.HTTPConnectionCountsXML) HTTPConnectionCountsXML return connection information in XML format and is available through administrative port 8086 (http://[wowza-ip-address]:8086/connectioncounts).
  • 49. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 48 Extending Wowza Server Using Java How do I extend the Wowza Server server? owza Media Server 2 can easily be extended by writing Java classes that are loaded dynamically by the server. There are several integration points that can be used to extend the server; custom server-side modules, HTTPProviders and listeners. We will explore each of these integration points and provide a quick example. We provide a free integrated development environment called the Wowza IDE that can be used to extend the functionality of the server. You can download it from here: http://www.wowzamedia.com/ide.html It is probably best to download and install the Wowza IDE first before reading this chapter. The included documentation will walk you through the creation of your first custom server-side module. It will point you back to this chapter for more information. Consult the Server-side API Guide for detailed information on the available APIs. There is also a wealth of knowledge and code snippets online in the support section of http://www.wowzamedia.com. Custom Module Classes Server-side modules are Java classes that are configured on a per-application basis and are dynamically created at application instance startup. Typically, module classes are bound into .jar files that are located in the [install-dir]/lib folder. Modules can leverage any available 3rd party libraries or built-in Java functionality as long as the dependent .jar files are copied into the [install-dir]/lib folder. Modules are added to an application configuration by adding a <Module> entry to the <Modules> list in the application’s Application.xml file. Let’s start by creating our first module. It will have two methods onAppStart and doSomething. The onAppStart method is an event method and the doSomething method is a custom method. The details of event methods and custom methods will be discussed later. Chapter 8 W
  • 50. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 49 package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; public class MyModule extends ModuleBase { public void onAppStart(IApplicationInstance appInstance) { getLogger().info("onAppStart"); } public void doSomething(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { getLogger().info("doSomething"); } } Next, to add this module to an application configuration, edit Application.xml for the application and add the following <Module> entry for this module to the end of the <Modules> list: <Module> <Name>MyModule</Name> <Description>This is MyModule</Description> <Class>com.mycompany.module.MyModule</Class> </Module> Each module must have a <Name> that is unique in that <Modules> list. The <Description> information is for providing a detailed description of the module and is not used in any operations. The <Class> item is the full path to the Java class that is providing the module’s functionality. We combine the package path in the first line of the module to the class name to form the class path. Event Methods Event methods are invoked by the server based on events that occur during server processing. Event methods apply to all types of streaming Adobe Flash, Microsoft Silverlight, iPhone/iPad/iPod touch and RTSP. Event methods are defined by the following interfaces: IModuleOnApp IModuleOnConnect IModuleOnStream IModuleOnHTTPSession IModuleOnRTPSession IModuleOnHTTPCupertinoStreamingSession IModuleOnHTTPSmoothStreamingSession IModuleOnHTTPSanJoseStreamingSession IModuleOnHTTPCupertinoEncryption
  • 51. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 50 All event methods defined in all modules are invoked when an event occurs. What this means is that if two modules implement the onAppStart event method, then both modules onAppStart methods will be invoked when a new application instance is created. Module methods are invoked starting at the top of the <Modules> list defined in Application.xml. So the first <Modules> entry in the list will be called first and it will work its way down to the last item in the list. Below are each of the event method interfaces and their corresponding event methods. IModuleOnApp public void onAppStart(IApplicationInstance appInstance); public void onAppStop(IApplicationInstance appInstance); onAppStart: Invoked when an application instance is started onAppStop: Invoked when an application instance is stopped IModuleOnConnect public void onConnect(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params); public void onDisconnect(IClient client); public void onConnectAccept(IClient client); public void onConnectReject(IClient client); onConnect: Invoked when a Flash player connects to an application instance onDisconnected: Invoked when a Flash player disconnect from an application instance onConnectAccept: Invoked when a Flash player connection is accepted onConnectReject: Invoked when a Flash player connection is refused IModuleOnStream public void onStreamCreate(IMediaStream stream); public void onStreamDestroy(IMediaStream stream); onStreamCreate: Invoked when a new IMediaStream object is created onStreamDestroy: Invoked when a IMediaStream object is closed Note The onStreamCreate event method is invoked before play or publish has been called for this IMediaStream object. For this reason the IMediaStream object does not have a name. See the IMediaStreamActionNotify2 interface to implement a server listener that is invoked when actions occur on this IMediaStream object. IModuleOnHTTPSession public void onHTTPSessionCreate(IHTTPStreamerSession httpSession); public void onHTTPSessionDestroy(IHTTPStreamerSession httpSession); onHTTPSessionCreate: Invoked when HTTP streaming session(Cupertino or Smooth) created onHTTPSessionDestroy: Invoked when HTTP streaming session(Cupertino or Smooth) closed IModuleOnRTPSession public void onRTPSessionCreate(RTPSession rtpSession); public void onRTPSessionDestroy(RTPSession rtpSession); onRTPSessionCreate: Invoked when RTP session created
  • 52. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 51 onRTPSessionDestroy: Invoked when RTP session closed IModuleOnHTTPCupertinoStreamingSession public void onHTTPCupertinoStreamingSessionCreate( HTTPStreamerSessionCupertino httpCupertinoStreamingSession); public void onHTTPCupertinoStreamingSessionDestroy( HTTPStreamerSessionCupertino httpCupertinoStreamingSession); onHTTPCupertinoStreamingSessionCreate: Invoked when Cupertino session created onHTTPCupertinoStreamingSessionDestroy: Invoked when Cupertino session closed IModuleOnHTTPSmoothStreamingSession public void onHTTPSmoothStreamingSessionCreate( HTTPStreamerSessionSmoothStreamer httpSmoothStreamingSession); public void onHTTPSmoothStreamingSessionDestroy( HTTPStreamerSessionSmoothStreamer httpSmoothStreamingSession); onHTTPSmoothStreamingSessionCreate: Invoked when Smooth session created onHTTPSmoothStreamingSessionDestroy: Invoked when Smooth session closed IModuleOnHTTPSanJoseStreamingSession public void onHTTPSanJoseStreamingSessionCreate( HTTPStreamerSessionSanJoseStreamer httpSanJoseStreamingSession); public void onHTTPSanJoseStreamingSessionDestroy( HTTPStreamerSessionSanJoseStreamer httpSanJoseStreamingSession); onHTTPSanJoseStreamingSessionCreate: Invoked when Smooth session created onHTTPSanJoseStreamingSessionDestroy: Invoked when Smooth session closed IModuleOnHTTPCupertinoEncryption public void onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyRequest( HTTPStreamerSessionCupertino httpSession, IHTTPRequest req, IHTTPResponse resp); public void onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyCreateVOD( HTTPStreamerSessionCupertino httpSession, byte[] encKey); public void onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyCreateLive( IApplicationInstance appInstance, String streamName, byte[] encKey); onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyRequest: Invoked when encryption key request is made for Cupertino streaming onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyCreateVOD: Invoked when encryption key is created for video on demand stream onHTTPCupertinoEncryptionKeyCreateLive: Invoked when encryption key is created for live stream Custom Methods Custom methods are public mehods that you wish to expose to the Adobe Flash player through calls to the client-side interface NetConnection.call() or are calls that are part of the NetConnection or NetStream command set. For example play and publish are defined in ModuleCore as custom methods. These methods must be public and must have the following argument signature (IClient, RequestFunction, AMFDataList params). Only public methods with this signature will be available to be called from the Flash player. Processing for custom methods is different than that of event methods. When a given method such as play is invoked from the Flash player, only the last module in the <Modules> list that defines that custom method will be invoked. For example, the ModuleCore module defines the
  • 53. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 52 method play which is invoked when NetStream.play(streamName) is called from the Flash player. If you create your own custom module that defines the method play and add it to the <Modules> list after the ModuleCore module, then your play method will be invoked rather than the play method defined in ModuleCore. If in your implementation of play, you wish to invoke the play method of the next module up the list that precedes your module, you call this.invokePrevious(client, function, params). Wowza Server will search up the module list and find the next module that implements the play method and it will invoke that method. This is similar to traditional object orientated sub-classing. Each implementation of a method in the <Modules> list can perform an operation based on the invocation of a given method and can choose to pass control to the next module that implement that method above them in the <Modules> list. For example, if in your implementation of play you wish to check the stream name of calls made to NetStream.play(streamName). If the stream name starts with goodstream/ you wish to append the phrase _good to the stream name and call this.invokePrevious(client, function, params). All other connections will be disconnected. The code looks like this: package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; public class MyModule extends ModuleBase { public void play(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { boolean disconnect = false; if (params.get(PARAM1).getType() == AMFData.DATA_TYPE_STRING) { String playName = params.getString(PARAM1); if (playName.startsWith("goodstream/")) { playName += "_good"; params.set(PARAM1, new AMFDataItem(playName)); } else disconnect = true; } if (disconnect) client.setShutdownClient(true); else this.invokePrevious(client, function, params); } } onCall The onCall method is a catch-all for any methods that are undefined by custom methods. The interface for this method is defined in the IModuleOnCall interface class. The onCall method functions the same as an event method in that all onCall methods defined in all modules will be called. Example:
  • 54. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 53 package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; public class MyModule extends ModuleBase implements IModuleOnCall { public void onCall(String handlerName, IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { getLogger().info("onCall: "+handlerName); } } Adobe Flash Player and Custom Methods Parameters passed from the Adobe Flash player client to Wowza Server need to be marshaled to Java primitive and object types. The com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleBase class includes a number of helper functions and constants for converting the parameter values. For more complex types, the com.wowza.wms.amf package contains an API for object conversion. Consult the server API javadocs and the Server Side Coding example for more detailed information. Below is a simple example of converting three incoming parameters: package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; public class MyModule extends ModuleBase { public void myFunction(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { String param1 = getParamString(params, PARAM1); int param2 = getParamInt(params, PARAM2); boolean param3 = getParamBoolean(params, PARAM3); } } A custom method called from the Adobe Flash player may return a single result value. This value must be converted to an Action Message Format (AMF) object to be understood by the Flash player. These value types can include simple types like strings, integers and booleans as well as
  • 55. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 54 more complex types like objects, arrays or arrays of objects. The com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleBase class includes a number of helper functions for returning simple types. For more complex types, the com.wowza.wms.amf package contains an API for object creation and conversion. Consult the server API javadocs and the Server Side Coding example for more detailed information. Below is a simple example of three methods returning simple value types: package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; public class MyModule extends ModuleBase { public void myFunctionString(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { sendResult(client, params, "Hello World"); } public void myFunctionInt(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { sendResult(client, params, 536); } public void myFunctionBoolean(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { sendResult(client, params, true); } } Adobe Flash Player and Server to Client Calls A custom method can call a function in Adobe Flash player directly by invoking the IClient.call() method. The client call can return a single variable that will be received by the server by creating a result object that implements the com.mycompany.module.IModuleCallResult interface. The IClient.call() method has two forms: public abstract void call(String handlerName); public abstract void call(String handlerName, IModuleCallResult resultObj, Object ... params); Methods on the client side are made available to the server by attaching them to the NetConnection object. Below is sample ActionScript 3.0 client-side code: var nc:NetConnection = new NetConnection(); var clientObj:Object = new Object(); clientObj.serverToClientMethod = function(param1, param2) { return "Hello World"; }
  • 56. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 55 nc.client = clientObj; nc.connect("rtmp://wms.mycompany.com/mymodules"); To call this client-side method from the server, the custom method looks like this: package com.mycompany.module; import com.wowza.wms.module.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; class MyResult implements IModuleCallResult { public onResult(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { String returnValue = getParamString(params, PARAM1); getLogger().info("got Result: "+ returnValue); } } public class MyModule extends ModuleBase { public void myFunction(IClient client, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { client.call("serverToClientMethod", new MyResult(), "param1: value", 1.5); } } Logging A custom method can get access to the server’s logging interface using the getLogger() helper method that is implemented by the com.wowza.wms.module.ModuleBase base class. Log messages are written to the log files by using one of the following four methods: getLogger().debug(logStr); getLogger().info(logStr); getLogger().warn(logStr); getLogger().error(logStr); Java Management Extensions (JMX) All modules instantiated for a given application instance will be made available through the Java Management Extension’s (JMX) Interface. The path to the modules section in the MBean interface is: WowzaMediaServer/VHosts/[vHostName]/Applications/[applicationN ame]/ ApplicationInstance/[applicationInstanceName]/Modules
  • 57. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 56 All public methods and properties (wrapped in Java Bean get/set methods) will be made available through the Instance object found within each module definition. If you want to exclude a method or property from the JMX interface, import the com.wowza.util.NoMBean class and add the @NoMBean annotation to your method definition. So what this means is that your custom modules are instantly made available through the Wowza Server administration interface without any additional programming. All property values can be inspected, properties with get[property-name] accessors can be changed and methods with simple Java types can be invoked through JConsole or VisualVM. HTTPProvider Classes HTTPProviders are Java classes that are mini Java servlets that can be used to add an HTTP interface to Wowza Server. They are configured on a per-port basis in [install- dir]/conf/VHost.xml (configuration is covered in the previous chapter). Below is a simple HTTPProvider that returns the server version: package com.mycompany.wms.http; import java.io.*; import com.wowza.wms.server.*; import com.wowza.wms.stream.*; import com.wowza.wms.vhost.*; import com.wowza.wms.http.*; public class HTTPServerVersion extends HTTProvider2Base { public void onHTTPRequest(IVHost vhost, IHTTPRequest req, IHTTPResponse resp) { if (!doHTTPAuthentication(vhost, req, resp)) return; String version = MediaStreamBase.p+" "; version += ReleaseInfo.getVersion(); version += " build"+ReleaseInfo.getBuildNumber(); String retStr = "<html><head><title>"; retStr += version; retStr += "</title></head><body>"+version+"</body></html>"; try { OutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream(); byte[] outBytes = retStr.getBytes(); out.write(outBytes); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("HTMLServerVersion: "+e.toString()); } } } Much of the functionality of HTTPProviders is encapsulated in the HTTProvider2Base base class. Your HTTPProvider, if it extends this class, only needs to implement the onHTTPRequest method. Below are a few interesting code snippets to aid in HTTPProvider development: Get HTTP request URL String path = super.getPath(req, false);
  • 58. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 57 Get HTTP request header value String headerValue = req.getHeader(headerName); Set HTTP response header value resp.setHeader(headerName, headerValue); Set HTTP response status resp.setResponseCode(404); There are several more complex and interesting examples of HTTPProviders in the support section of www.wowzamedia.com. Event Listeners There are many points within the Wowza Media Server 2 object hierarchy where event listeners can be added. Event listeners are classes that implement a notifier interface and are notified of specifc events within the server. For example you can inject a server listener that gets notified of server startup, initialization and shutdown or an application instance listener that is notified each time an application instance is started or stopped. Below are specifics on the more interesting and useful listener interfaces: Server Listener (IServerNotify2) Sever listeners are notified of the life cycle of the server and are a great place to invoke and attach functionality that you would like to make avaible while Wowza Server is running. Examples are web services or SOAP interface and a web server or HTTP interface. Below is a simple server listener:
  • 59. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 58 package com.mycompany.wms; import com.wowza.wms.server.*; public class MyServerListener implements IServerNotify2 { public void onServerCreate(IServer server) { System.out.println("onServerCreate"); } public void onServerConfigLoaded(IServer server) { System.out.println("onServerConfigLoaded"); } public void onServerInit(IServer server) { System.out.println("onServerInit"); } public void onServerShutdownStart(IServer server) { System.out.println("onServerShutdownStart"); } public void onServerShutdownComplete(IServer server) { System.out.println("onServerShutdownComplete"); } } Once compiled, bound into a .jar file and placed in the [install-dir]/lib folder, this server listener can be invoked by adding an entry to the <ServerListeners> list in [install- dir]/conf/Server.xml: <ServerListener> <BaseClass>com.mycompany.wms.MyServerListener</BaseClass> </ServerListener> Virtual Host Listener (IServerNotify2) Virtual host listeners are notified of the life cycle of virtual host. Below is a simple virtual listener:
  • 60. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 59 package com.mycompany.wms; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.client.*; import com.wowza.wms.request.*; import com.wowza.wms.vhost.*; public class MyVHostListener implements IVHostNotify { public void onVHostCreate(IVHost vhost) { System.out.println("onVHostCreate: "+vhost.getName()); } public void onVHostInit(IVHost vhost) { System.out.println("onVHostInit: "+vhost.getName()); } public void onVHostShutdownStart(IVHost vhost) { System.out.println("onVHostShutdownStart: "+vhost.getName()); } public void onVHostShutdownComplete(IVHost vhost) { System.out.println("onVHostShutdownComplete: "+vhost.getName()); } public void onVHostClientConnect(IVHost vhost, IClient inClient, RequestFunction function, AMFDataList params) { System.out.println("onVHostClientConnect: "+vhost.getName()); } } Once compiled, bound into a .jar file and placed in the [install-dir]/lib folder this virtual host listener can be invoked by adding an entry to the <VHostListeners> list in [install- dir]/conf/Server.xml: <VHostListener> <BaseClass>com.mycompany.wms.MyVHostListener</BaseClass> </VHostListener> MediaStream Listeners (IMediaStreamActionNotify2) MediaStream listeners receive play, publish, pause… events for an Adobe Flash MediaStream object. Below is a simple MediaStream listener:
  • 61. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 60 package com.mycompany.wms; import com.wowza.wms.amf.*; import com.wowza.wms.stream.*; public class MyMediaStreamListener implements IMediaStreamActionNotify2 { public void onMetaData(IMediaStream stream, AMFPacket metaDataPacket) { System.out.println("onMetaData"); } public void onPauseRaw(IMediaStream stream, boolean isPause, double location) { System.out.println("onPauseRaw"); } public void onPause(IMediaStream stream, boolean isPause, double location) { System.out.println("onPause"); } public void onPlay(IMediaStream stream, String streamName, double playStart, double playLen, int playReset) { System.out.println("onPlay"); } public void onPublish(IMediaStream stream, String streamName, boolean isRecord, boolean isAppend) { System.out.println("onPublish"); } public void onSeek(IMediaStream stream, double location) { System.out.println("onSeek"); } public void onStop(IMediaStream stream) { System.out.println("onStop"); } public void onUnPublish(IMediaStream stream, String streamName, boolean isRecord, boolean isAppend) { System.out.println("onUnPublish"); } } Once compiled, bound into a .jar file and placed in the [install-dir]/lib folder, this MediaStream listener can be invoked by creating an instance of this object and attaching it to an IMediaStream object. You might do this in an onStreamCreate event method like this: public void onStreamCreate(IMediaStream stream) { stream.addClientListener(new MyMediaStreamListener()); }
  • 62. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 61 Server Administration How do I setup, manage, and deploy Wowza Media Server 2? owza Media Server 2 is a small and powerful Java server. It is configured through a set of XML files. The server can be run standalone from a command shell or installed as a system service. Running the server standalone is best for developing Wowza Server custom applications since the server can be started and stopped quickly and server log messages can be seen immediately in the console window. Running the server as a system service is most often used for server deployment where the server needs to continue to run even after you log off the machine or be automatically started when the server is rebooted. Configuring SSL and RTMPS Wowza Media Server 2 supports Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and RTMPS (RTMP over SSL) streaming protection. SSL is a technology which allows web browsers and web servers to communicate over a secured connection. This means that the data being sent and received is encrypted in both directions. You can get an SSL certificate from a certificate authority or you can create a certficiate your self. The instructions below will walk you through the steps to create a self signed SSL certificate for use with Wowza Server. If you would like to obtain an SSL certificate from a certificate authority follow the steps in this support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=tutorialsSSLCA Below are the steps to create a self-signed SSL certificate using the keytool application that comes with the Java JDK. To get started, install the Java JDK and be sure the bin folder of your JDK installation has been added to your PATH variable. If the PATH variable is configured correctly, you should be able to open a command prompt and execute the command keytool. This should return the command reference for the keytool command. Once you have the keytool command up and running, proceed to the following steps to create a self-signed SSL certificate: 1. Open a command prompt and change directory to [install-dir]/conf 2. Execute the following command: keytool -genkey -alias wowza -keyalg RSA -keystore ssl.mycompany.com.cert Chapter 9 W
  • 63. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 62 3. You will then be prompted to answer several questions. Below are sample responses assuming the domain name that you wish this certificate to be tied to is ssl.mycompany.com: [Enter keystore password] password [What is your first and last name] ssl.mycompany.com [What is the name of your organizational unit] Web Department [What is the name of your organization] My Company Name [What is the name of your City or Locality] Cincinnati [What is the name of your State or Province] Ohio [What is the two-letter country code for this unit] US [Enter key password for <password>] password Once complete, you will see a file named ssl.mycompany.com.cert in the [install-dir]/conf folder. This is the certificate file. To configure TCP port to use this certificate, edit [install- dir]/conf/VHost.xml and make the following changes: 1. Uncomment the <HostPort> definition for port 443 that is just following the comment <!-- 443 with SSL --> (be sure to remove the comment before <HostPort> and after </HostPort>). 2. Set the value SSLConfig/KeyStorePath to: ${com.wowza.wms.context.VHostConfigHome}/conf/ssl.mycompany.com.cert 3. Set the SSLConfig/KeyStorePassword to key store password entered above. TCP port 443 is now protected by SSL and RTMPS. You will need to setup a domain name entry for the domain chosen above and all communications using port 443 will need to done using SSL or RTMPS and the domain name specified in the certificate. Self-signed certificates (this not does not apply to certificates from certificate authorities) do not work on the Mac (OSX) when using Adobe Flash to stream over RTMPS without first installing the certificate in the Keychain and setting its trust level to Always Trust. To extract the certificate and install in the OSX Keychain, do the following: 1. Extract the certificate from the keystore using the following command and copy the ssl.mycompany.com.crt file to the Mac: keytool -export -alias wowza -file ssl.mycompany.com.crt -keystore ssl.mycompany.com.cert
  • 64. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 63 2. Open the Applications > Utilities > Keychain Access utility and select the Certificates category 3. Drag and drop the ssl.mycompany.com.crt onto this utility 4. Right click on the ssl.mycompany.com entry in the list and select Get Info 5. Open the Trust section of the info dialog and set When using this certificate to Always Trust These steps need to be followed on any machine that is going to use RTMPS to play a stream that is protected using a self-signed certificate. Obviously this is not the preferred way to stream using RTMPS. It is better to obtain a signed certificate from a trusted certificate authority. With a trusted certificate these additional steps are not necessary. There are two methods of doing RTMPS streaming when using the Adobe Flash player. The default method leverages tunneling (RTMPT over SSL) which can be slow and causes additional server load. The second method is RTMP over SSL which performs better. You can enable this mode by setting the NetConnection.proxyType to “best” before calling NetConnection.connect. The code looks like this: var nc:NetConnection = new NetConnection(); nc.proxyType = “best”; nc.connect(“rtmps://ssl.mycompany.com/myapplication”); Logging Wowza Media Server 2 uses the apache.org log4j library as its logging implementation. The log4j logging system provides ample functionality for log formatting, log rolling and log retrieval for most applications. By default, Wowza Server is configured to log basic information to the server console and detailed information in the W3C Extended Common Log Format (ECLF) to a log file. The log files are written to the following folder: [install-dir]/logs Wowza Media Server logging can generate the following logging fields:
  • 65. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 64 date Date of log event time Time of log event tz Time zone of log event x-event Log event (see table below) x-category Log event category (server, vhost, application, session, stream) x-severity Log event severity (DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, FATAL) x-status Status of log event (see table below) x-ctx Extra data about the context of the log event x-comment Extra comment about the log event x-vhost Name of the virtual host from which the event was generated x-app Name of the application from which the event was generated x-appinst Name of the application instance from which the event was generated x-duration Time in seconds that this event occurred within the lifetime of the x-category object s-ip IP address on which the server received this event s-port Port number on which the server received this event s-uri Full connection string on which the server received this event c-ip Client connection IP address c-proto Client connection protocol (rtmp, rtmpe, rtmpt(HTTP-1.1), rtmpte(HTTP-1.1), rtmps(HTTP-1.1), http (cupertino), http (smooth)) c-referrer URL of the Flash movie that initiated the connection to the server c-user-agent Version of the Flash client that initiated the connection to the server c-client-id Client ID number assigned by the server to the connection cs-bytes Total number of bytes transferred from client to server (accumulative) sc-bytes Total number of bytes transferred from server to client (accumulative) x-stream-id Stream ID number assigned by server to the stream object x-spos Position in milliseconds within the media stream cs-stream-bytes Total number of bytes transferred from client to server for stream x- stream-id (accumulative) sc-stream-bytes Total number of bytes transferred from server to client for stream x- stream-id (accumulative) x-sname Name of stream x-stream-id x-sname-query Query parameters of stream x-stream-id x-file-name Full file path of stream x-stream-id x-file-ext File extension of stream x-stream-id x-file-size File size in bytes of stream x-stream-id x-file-length File length in seconds of stream x-stream-id x-suri Full connection string for stream x-stream-id (including query parameters) x-suri-stem Full connection string for stream x-stream-id (excluding query parameters) x-suri-query Query parameter for connection string cs-uri-stem Full connection string for stream x-stream-id (excluding query parameters) cs-uri-query Query parameter for stream x-stream-id
  • 66. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 65 Wowza Media Server generates the following logging events: comment Comment server-start Server start server-stop Server shutdown vhost-start Virtual host start vhost-stop Virtual host shutdown app-start Application instance start app-stop Application instance shutdown connect-pending Connection pending approval by application and license manager connect Connection result connect-burst Connection accepted in burst zone disconnect Client (session) disconnected from server play Play has started pause Play has paused unpause Play has unpaused /resumed seek Seek has occurred setstreamtype Client call to netConnection.call(“setStreamType”, null, “[streamtype]”); setbuffertime Client call to NetStream.setBufferTime(secs) logged in milliseconds stop Play has stopped on a stream create Media or data stream created destroy Media or data stream destroyed publish Start stream publishing unpublish Stop stream publishing record Start stream recording recordstop Stop stream recording announce RTSP Session Description Protocol (SDP) ANNOUNCE Wowza Media Server generates the following logging status values: 100 Pending or waiting (for approval) 200 Success 302 Rejected by application with redirect information 400 Bad request 401 Rejected by application 413 Rejected by license manager 500 Internal error Wowza Server logging is configured in the conf/log4j.properties properties file. There are many logging configuration options made available by the log4j logging system. The remainder of this section will cover the basic options for enabling and disabling different logging fields, events and categories. Below is an example of a basic log4j.properties file for Wowza Server.
  • 67. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 66 log4j.rootCategory=INFO, stdout, serverAccess, serverError # Console appender log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=com.wowza.wms.logging.ECLFPatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.Fields=x-severity,x-category,x-event,x-ctx,x-comment log4j.appender.stdout.layout.OutputHeader=false log4j.appender.stdout.layout.QuoteFields=false log4j.appender.stdout.layout.Delimeter=space # Access appender log4j.appender.serverAccess=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender log4j.appender.serverAccess.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-dd log4j.appender.serverAccess.File=${com.wowza.wms.ConfigHome}/logs/wowzamediaserver_access.log log4j.appender.serverAccess.layout=com.wowza.wms.logging.ECLFPatternLayout log4j.appender.serverAccess.layout.Fields=x-severity,x-category,x-event;date,time,c-client-id,c-ip,c-port,cs- bytes,sc-bytes,x-duration,x-sname,x-stream-id,sc-stream-bytes,cs-stream-bytes,x-file-size,x-file-length,x- ctx,x-comment log4j.appender.serverAccess.layout.OutputHeader=true log4j.appender.serverAccess.layout.QuoteFields=false log4j.appender.serverAccess.layout.Delimeter=tab # Error appender log4j.appender.serverError=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender log4j.appender.serverError.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-dd log4j.appender.serverError.File=${com.wowza.wms.ConfigHome}/logs/wowzamediaserver_error.log log4j.appender.serverError.layout=com.wowza.wms.logging.ECLFPatternLayout log4j.appender.serverError.layout.Fields=x-severity,x-category,x-event;date,time,c-client-id,c-ip,c-port,cs- bytes,sc-bytes,x-duration,x-sname,x-stream-id,sc-stream-bytes,cs-stream-bytes,x-file-size,x-file-length,x- ctx,x-comment log4j.appender.serverError.layout.OutputHeader=true log4j.appender.serverError.layout.QuoteFields=false log4j.appender.serverError.layout.Delimeter=tab log4j.appender.serverError.Threshold=WARN Note Always use forward slashes when referring to file paths (even on the Windows platform). The first statement in this file sets the logging level to INFO and defines three appenders; stdout, serverAccess, serverError. Setting the logging level to INFO configures the logging mechanism such that it will only log events with a severity of INFO or greater. The logging severity in ascending order is: DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR and FATAL. To log all events set the logging level to DEBUG. Next, we configure each of the appenders. The important properties in this section are:
  • 68. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 67 Field Comma delimited list of fields to log OutputHeader Boolean value (true/false) that instructs the logging system to write out a W3C Extended Common Log Format header each time the server is started. QuoteFields Boolean value (true/false) that instructs the logging system to surround all field data in double quotes Delimiter The delimiter character to use between field values. Valid values are tab, space or the actual delimiter character. CategoryInclude Comma separated list of logging categories. Only log events with the specified categories will be logged. CategoryExclude Comma separated list of logging categories. Only log events whose category is not in this list will be logged. EventInclude Comma separated list of logging events. Only log events with the specified event name will be logged. EventExclude Comma separated list of logging categories. Only log events whose event name is not in this list will be logged. These properties allow you to control the way the log information is formatted and filtered. For more detailed information on how to configure the log4j specific properties such as log file rolling and additional log appender types, visit the apache.org website at http://logging.apache.org/log4j. Wowza Media Server 2 can also be configured to generate logs on a per-virtual host and per- application basis. These configurations are included but commented out at the bottom of the default [install-dir]/conf/log4j.properties file. The first commented out section includes configuration for per-application logging. The second commented out section includes configuration for per-virtual host logging. To turn either of these features on, simply remove the comments (# sign at the beginning of each of the lines) from the section. The per-virtual host logging will generate log files using the following directory structure: [install-dir]/logs/[vhost]/wowzamediaserver_access.log [install-dir]/logs/[vhost]/wowzamediaserver_error.log [install-dir]/logs/[vhost]/wowzamediaserver_stats.log The per-application logging will generate log files using the following directory structure: [install- dir]/logs/[vhost]/[application]/wowzamediaserver_access.log [install- dir]/logs/[vhost]/[application]/wowzamediaserver_error.log [install- dir]/logs/[vhost]/[application]/wowzamediaserver_stats.log This method of log file generation can be very useful if you plan on offering the Wowza Media Server 2 as a shared service to several customers.
  • 69. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 68 Logging to a Database Wowza Media Server 2 can be configured to log information to a database. This is a very useful feature if you wish to get real-time statistics. See this online support article for detailed instructions: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=usefulCodeLogDatabase Run Server as Named User The default installation of Wowza Media Server 2 on Linux and Mac OS X will install and run the server as the root user. If you would like to run the server as a user other than root, you can follow these instructions to create a new user and configure the server to run as that new user. Note For security reasons, most Linux and Unix distributions do not allow user’s other than the root user to bind to port numbers less than 1024. If you plan on running Wowza Server on a lowered numbered ports such as 80 (HTTP), 443 (RTMPS, HTTPS) and/or 554 (RTSP) then the server will need to continue to run as the root user. Linux First, we are going to create a new user and group named wowza. groupadd wowza useradd -g wowza wowza passwd wowza Next, we are going to change ownership and permissions on Wowza Server installation files. cd /usr/local chown wowza:wowza WowzaMediaServer chown –R wowza:wowza WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 chmod –R 775 WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 rm –f /var/run/WowzaMediaServer.pid rm –f /var/run/WowzaMediaServer.lock Finally, we are going to change the command that is used to start the server so that it is run as the new wowza user. Change directory to the /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/bin directory. Edit the standalone startup script startup.sh and prepend sudo –u wowza to the 24th line. It should now be: sudo –u wowza $_EXECJAVA $JAVA_OPTS -Dcom.wowza.wms.AppHome= "$WMSAPP_HOME" -Dcom.wowza.wms.ConfigHome= "$WMSCONFIG_HOME" -cp $WMSAPP_HOME/bin/wms-bootstrap.jar
  • 70. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 69 com.wowza.wms.bootstrap.Bootstrap start You will also need to edit the service startup script wms.sh and make the same change to line 24. Now both the standalone startup script and the service startup script will start the server as the user wowza. Mac OS X First, we are going to create a new user named wowza. Open the Accounts systems preferences panel. Unlock the add user functionality by clicking on the lock icon in the lower left hand corner of the panel (you will be asked to enter your administrative password). Click the + button below the list of users to add a new user. Enter the following values and click the Create Account button: Name: wowza Short Name: wowza Passord: [enter a password] Verify: [enter a password] Next, we are going to change the permissions on Wowza Server installation files. Open a Terminal window and enter the following commands: cd /Library sudo chown wowza:admin WowzaMediaServer sudo chown –R wowza:admin WowzaMediaServer-2.2.4 Finally, we are going to change the command that is used to start the server so that it is run as the new wowza user. Change directory to the /Library/WowzaMediaServer/bin directory. Edit the standalone startup script startup.sh and prepend sudo –u wowza to the 24th line. It should now be: sudo –u wowza $_EXECJAVA $JAVA_OPTS -Dcom.wowza.wms.AppHome= "$WMSAPP_HOME" -Dcom.wowza.wms.ConfigHome= "$WMSCONFIG_HOME" -cp $WMSAPP_HOME/bin/wms-bootstrap.jar com.wowza.wms.bootstrap.Bootstrap start Now when you start the server in standalone and service mode it will run as user wowza. You can verify this by executing the ps –ja command in a Terminal window while the server is running. Note For more up to date security information visit the Server-Side Modules and Code Samples section at http://www.wowzamedia.com/forums/.
  • 71. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 70 Server Management Console and Monitoring How do I manage and monitor Wowza Media Server 2? owza Media Server 2 can be managed and monitored through a Java Management Extensions (JMX) interface. JMX is a standards-based technology for exposing components of a Java application through a unified object interface. This interface can then be consumed by open source and commercial monitoring tools such as HP OpenView, OpenNMS (http://www.opennms.org), JConsole and VisualVM (http://visualvm.dev.java.net). Note Most Java Runtime Environment (JRE or JVM) vendors require that you install the full Java Development Kit (JDK) to get the JConsole management and monitoring application. Please consult your vendor’s documentation. Note A good place to learn more about the Java Management Extension (JMX) standard is from the Oracle website (http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/jmx/). Local Management Using JConsole Wowza Server exposes a rich set of objects for monitoring the server. The Java virtual machine also exposes a set of JMX objects that can be used to monitor the virtual machine. The easiest way to view these objects is by using the JConsole applet that ships with the Java Development Kit (JDK) of most popular VMs. This tool is usually located in the bin folder of your Java JDK installation. By default the startup.bat and startup.sh are configured to expose the JMX object interface to a locally running copy of JConsole. To view the JMX interface, first start Wowza Media Server (either by running it as a service or standalone from a command prompt). Next, run JConsole. In JConsole you should see a list of the currently running Java virtual machines that are Chapter 10 W
  • 72. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 71 exposing a JMX interface. Wowza Server will be listed as com.wowza.wms.bootstrap.Bootstrap start. Select this item and click the Connect button. Note On Windows, for security reasons, local monitoring and management is only supported if your default Windows temporary directory is on a file system that supports setting permissions on files and directories (for example, on an NTFS file system). It is not supported on a FAT file system that provides insufficient access controls. The workaround is to setup remote monitoring. See the Remote Management section below, to learn how to configure the remote JMX interface. From here you can explore the different tab panels that are part of JConsole. Wowza Media Server 2 management objects are located under the MBean tab in the WowzaMediaServer group. The JMX objects are organized based on the configured virtual hosts, applications and applications instances. Monitoring objects will be created and deleted on the fly as applications, application instances, client connections and streams are created and deleted from the server. Remote JMX Interface Configuration By default the startup and service scripts are configured to only expose the JMX interface to a locally running monitoring application. You can also configure a remote JMX interface for monitoring Wowza Server from a remote computer. Both the JVM and Wowza Server include remote JMX interfaces. It is only necessary to configure one of these remote interfaces to enable remote monitoring. It is suggested that you use the Wowza Server remote interface since it is more easily configured and can be properly exposed through hardware or software based firewalls. The following two sections describe the configuration process. Wowza Media Server built-in JMX interface configuration The remote JMX interface built into Wowza Media Server 2 can be configured through the JMXRemoteConfiguration and AdminInterface sections of the [install- dir]/conf/Server.xml file. This section contains the following settings: JMXRemoteConfiguration - Enable, IpAddress, RMIServerHostName, RMIConnectionPort, RMIRegistryPort The Enable setting is a boolean value that can either be true or false and is the main switch to turn on and off the remote JMX interface. The default value is false. Setting this value to true (with no further modifications to the other settings), will turn on the remote JMX interface with authentication. The default username/password is admin/admin and the URL for invocation in JConsole or VisualVM is: service:jmx:rmi://localhost:8084/jndi/rmi://localhost:8085/jmx rmi The IpAddress and RMIServerHostName work together to properly expose the JMX interface to the network. In general, the IpAddress should be set to the internal ip address of the server
  • 73. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 72 running Wowza Media Server and RMIServerHostName should be set to the external ip address or domain name of the machine. For example, if the server running Wowza Server is behind a network translated ip address (NAT) such that the internal ip address of the server is 192.168.1.7 and the external ip address is 40.128.7.4, the two settings should be as follows: <IpAddress>192.168.1.7</IpAddress> <RMIServerHostName>40.128.7.4</RMIServerHostName> With this configuration you would use the following URL to connect to the JMX interface: service:jmx:rmi://40.128.7.4:8084/jndi/rmi://40.128.7.4:8085/j mxrmi The RMIConnectionPort and RMIRegistryPort settings control the TCP ports used to expose the RMI connection and RMI registry interfaces. These values only need to be changed if Wowza Server reports port conflicts upon startup. The default values for these settings are 8084 and 8085 respectively. The RMIConnectionPort corresponds to the first port number in the connection URL and the RMIRegistryPort to the second. The IpAddress, RMIConnectionPort and RMIRegistryPort effect the connection URL in the following way: service:jmx:rmi://[ RMIServerHostName]:[RMIConnectionPort]/jndi/rmi://[RMIServerHostName]:[RMIRegistryPort]/jmxrmi If the remote JMX interface is enabled, Wowza Server upon startup will log the URL of the currently configured JMX interface. This is probably the most reliable way to determine the JMX URL to use to connect to the server. To enable remote JMX monitoring through software or hardware based firewalls, open TCP communication for the two ports defined by the RMIConnectionPort and RMIRegistryPort settings. JMXRemoteConfiguration - Authenticate, PasswordFile, AccessFile The Authenticate setting is a boolean value that can either be true or false and is the main switch to turn on and off remote JMX interface authentication. The PasswordFile and AccessFile settings are the full path to the JMX password and access files. The password file is a text file with one line per user. Each line contains a username followed by a space followed by a password. The access file contains one line per user. Each line contains a username followed one of two access permission identifiers; readwrite or readonly. A sample password file jmxremote.password and sample access file jmxremote.access can be found in the conf directory of the installation. These files define three named users: admin (password admin) – access readwrite monitorRole (password admin) - access readonly controlRol (password admin) - access readwrite
  • 74. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 73 Note Some Java Runtime Environments require that both the password and access files have read only privileges. On Linux, this can be achieved by setting the permissions on both files to 600. chmod 600 conf/jmxremote.access chmod 600 conf/jmxremote.password JMXRemoteConfiguration - SSLSecure The SSLSecure setting is a boolean value that can either be true or false and is the switch to turn on and off remote JMX interface over SSL. SSL configuration can get quite involved. The following online documentation describes the process for enabling SSL with JMX: http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html#gdemv . AdminInterface/ObjectList The AdminInterface/ObjectList setting is a comma separated list of object types that you wish to expose through the JMX interface. This list can contain any number of the following items: Server - Server level connection and performance info and notifications VHost - Information about currently running virtual hosts VHostItem - Details of currently configured virtual hosts Application - Application level connection and performance info ApplicationInstance - Application Instance level connection and connection info Module - Details of currently loaded modules MediaCaster - Details of media caster objects (ie, live stream repeater) Client - Details of each connected Flash session MediaStream - Details of each individual server side NetStream object SharedObject - Details of currently loaded shared objects Acceptor - Details of currently running host ports or TCP ports IdleWorker - Details of currently running idle workers Exposing Client, MediaStream and/or SharedObject information can add significant load to the server and to the JMX interface. You will most likely want to turn off this level of detail for deployed solutions. JVM built-in JMX interface configuration The remote JMX interface built into the Java Virtual Machine can be configured through the Wowza Media Server start scripts. The following scripts in the bin folder can be edited to enable remote JMX monitoring startup.bat – Windows standalone startup script WowzaMediaServer-Service.conf - Windows service config script startup.sh - Linux/Mac OS X standalone startup script wms.sh - Linux/Mac OS X service startup script
  • 75. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 74 Each of these scripts contain commented out configuration parameters that can be used to configure the remote interface. A detailed description of the process for configuring the remote interface can be found at http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html. Below are the settings that are used to configure remote connections. -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=192.168.1.7 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=1099 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true - Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=jmxremote.password -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=jmxremote.access -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=[port-number] The remote port that the JMX service will listen on, for remote connections. Be sure to open up this port on any firewalls between the server and the remote client. -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=[true,false] Boolean value that turns on or off remote SSL connections. Default is true. If set to true, you must properly install and configure server side digital certificates. A detailed description of the procedure for installing and configuring digital certificates can be found at: http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html#gdemv . -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=[true,false] -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=[path-to- password-file] -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=[path-to-access- file] These three settings control remote JMX authentication. To turn off authentication set com.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate to false. To enable authentication set com.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate to true and configure the password and access files as defined below. The password file is a text file with one line per user. Each line contains a username followed by a space followed by a password. The access file contains one line per user. Each line contains a username followed by one of two access permission identifiers; readwrite or readonly. A sample password file jmxremote.password and sample access file jmxremote.access can be found in the conf directory of the installation. These files define three named users: admin (password admin) – access readwrite monitorRole (password admin) - access readonly controlRol (password admin) - access readwrite
  • 76. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 75 Before configuring your server for authentication, you will want to change the default usernames and passwords. Many virtual machines require that these files have read-only file permissions. On Windows the file must be located outside the C:Program File folder and the file permissions can be set using the cacls command. To setup authentication on Windows, do the following:
  • 77. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 76 1. Create a folder at the root of your C: drive named WowzaMediaServerJMX. 2. Copy the [install-dir]/conf/jmxremote.access and [install- dir]/conf/jmxremote.password into this new folder. 3. Open a DOS command shell, change directory to C:WowzaMediaServerJMX, and run the following cacls command on the two files: cacls jmxremote.password /P [username]:R cacls jmxremote.access /P [username]:R Where [username] is the user running the java process or service. 4. Update the jmxremote settings to reflect the new location: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=C:WowzaMediaServerJMXjmxremote.password -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=C:WowzaMediaServerJMXjmxremote.access On Linux and Mac OS X there is no need to move the files from their default location. Simply change the file permissions using chmod. Below is an example: chmod 600 jmxremote.password chmod 600 jmxremote.access -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=[hostname/ip-address] Server host name or ip address. This setting is often required if the server either has multiple ip addresses or if the hostname for the server resolves to different ip address based on how the server is being accessed (inside and outside a firewall or router space). Note When running Wowza Media Server 2 as a Windows service, the JMX interface will not be available unless the service is running as a named user. To configure the service to run as a named user, go to Settings>Control Panel>Administrative Tools>Services and right click on the Wowza Media Server service and select Properties. Next, click on the Log On tab, change the Log on as radio to This account and enter a user name and password for a local user. Remote Management Remote Management Using JConsole JConsole can also be used to monitor a remote Wowza Server. Once you configured the remote JMX interface as described above, run JConsole. Enter the remote JMX interface URL into the Remote Process field. The default remote JMX interface URL for the Wowza Media Server 2 built-in JMX interface is:
  • 78. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 77 service:jmx:rmi://localhost:8084/jndi/rmi://localhost:8085/jmx rmi The default remote JMX interface URL for the JVM built-in JMX interface is: service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi Finally, enter your user name and password into the provided fields and click the Connect button. You should now be connected to the remote server and able to view the JMX hierarchy. Remote Management Using VisualVM Another great tool for monitoring Wowza Media Server 2 over JMX is VisualVM. VisualVM can be downloaded from the following location: http://visualvm.dev.java.net Once you get it installed and running, it is best to install the MBean plugin. To do this select the Plugins command from the Tools menu. In the Available Plugins tab put a check mark next to the VisualVM-MBean plugin and click the Install button. Once you get this plugin installed it will provide similar information to JConsole. You can select Add JMX Connection from the File menu to add your Wowza Media Server 2 to the Applications list. Object Overview This section describes the more important top level objects that can be used to monitor the server’s performance and uptime. This section will not cover each and every object that is exposed by the server. These objects are available under the WowzaMediaServer object in the MBean section of JConsole and VisualVM. Server The server object contains information about when the server was started and how long it has been running. VHosts The VHosts collection includes information on each of the running virtual hosts. From here you get access to each of the running applications and applications instances. At each level of the hierarchy (Server, VHost, Application, ApplicationInstance) you can get detailed information on number of connections (Connections object) and the input/output performance (IOPerformance object). IOPerformance The Server exposes IOPerformance objects at many different levels of the object hierarchy. These objects can be used to monitor server performance and throughput at that section of the server. For example the IOPerformance object under a particular VHost will display the throughput of that particular virtual host.
  • 79. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 78 Connections The Server exposes Connections objects at many different levels of the object hierarchy. These objects can be used to monitor client connections to that section of the server. For example the Connections object under a particular Application object will display the current clients connected to that particular Application. VHost/[vHostName] - HandlerThreadPool, TransportThreadPool The HandlerThreadPool and TransportThreadPool objects expose information about each of the worker thread pools that are owned by each of the virtual hosts. You can use this object to monitor thread usage and load. ServerNotifications The ServerNotifications object publishes notification events pertaining to the connection limits and connection bursting capabilities of Wowza Media Server. Wowza Media Server 2 can generate the following notification events: com.wowza.wms.connect.WarningServerLicenseLimit - connection accepted in bursting zone (warning) com.wowza.wms.connect.ErrorServerLicenseLimit - connection refused due due to license limit com.wowza.wms.connect.WarningVHostLimit - connection refused due to virtual host limit The body of the JMX notification message is a string with information about the virtual host, application, application instance, client id, ip address and referrer that generated the event. Notification events can be viewed in JConsole by navigating to the MBean tab, opening the WowzaMediaServer group and selecting the ServerNotification object. Next, select the Notifications tab and click the Subscribe button. All events will display as new rows in the Notifications list. Only events that occur after you subscribe to the notifications will be displayed.
  • 80. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 79 Virtual Hosting How do I let multiple users share my Wowza Server server? owza Media Server 2 can be configured to run multiple virtual host environments. Each of these virtual host environments has its own set of configuration files, application folders and log files. This enables a single server to serve multiple users in separate environments. By default the server is configured with a single virtual host named _defaultVHost_. Configuration Files Below is a description of the VHosts.xml file in the conf directory that is used to define a virtual host. VHosts.xml The VHosts.xml configuration file is used to define each of the virtual host environments. Below is a description of each of the items that are required to define a virtual host. VHosts/VHost/Name The name of the virtual host. VHosts/VHost/ConfigDir The configuration directory for the virtual host. The contents of this directory will be described below. VHosts/VHost/ConnectionLimit The maximum number of simultaneous connections this virtual host can support. If this value is zero the virtual host can have an unlimited number of simultaneous connections. Chapter 11 W
  • 81. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 80 Typical Configuration Let’s jump in and look at a typical VHosts.xml file for a virtual host environment that contains two virtual hosts: vhost1 and vhost2. <Root> <VHosts> <VHost> <Name>vhost1</Name> <ConfigDir>/home/vhosts/vhost1</ConfigDir> <ConnectionLimit>0</ConnectionLimit> </VHost> <VHost> <Name>vhost2</Name> <ConfigDir>/home/vhosts/vhost2</ConfigDir> <ConnectionLimit>0</ConnectionLimit> </VHost> </VHosts> </Root> The directory structure for these two virtual hosts would be the following:
  • 82. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 81 [/home/vhosts] [vhost1] [applications] [conf] Application.xml Authentication.xml HTTPStreamers.xml LiveStreamPacketizers.xml MediaCasters.xml MediaReaders.xml MediaWriters.xml MP3Tags.xml RTP.xml StartupStreams.xml Streams.xml VHost.xml admin.password publish.password [content] [keys] [logs] [vhost2] [applications] [conf] Application.xml Authentication.xml HTTPStreamers.xml LiveStreamPacketizers.xml MediaCasters.xml MediaReaders.xml MediaWriters.xml MP3Tags.xml RTP.xml StartupStreams.xml Streams.xml VHost.xml admin.password publish.password [content] [keys] [logs] Note
  • 83. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 82 See the logging section for instructions on how to configure per virtual host logging. The process for virtual host configuration is very simple. Virtual hosts are defined in the VHosts.xml file in the conf directory. Each virtual host gets its own configuration directory structure that contains an application, conf and logs directory. Each virtual host gets its own set of configuration files. It is very important to note that Wowza Server only supports ip-address/port based virtual hosting and does not support domain named based virtual hosting. What this means is that in VHost.xml each virtual host must define HostPort entries with unique ip-address and port combinations that do not conflict with other virtual hosts defined on a given server. The following combinations represent valid vhost port configurations: vhost1: <HostPort> <IpAddress>192.168.1.2</IpAddress> <Port>1935</Port> <HostPort> vhost2: <HostPort> <IpAddress>192.168.1.2</IpAddress> <Port>1936</Port> <HostPort> Or vhost1: <HostPort> <IpAddress>192.168.1.2</IpAddress> <Port>1935</Port> <HostPort> vhost2: <HostPort> <IpAddress>192.168.1.3</IpAddress> <Port>1935</Port> <HostPort> Through the JMX interface and the VHosts.xml configuration file, virtual hosts can be added, modified and deleted on the fly without stopping and restarting the server. The virtual host operations can be accessed through JConsole. First, with the server running, start JConsole and select the MBean tab. Open the WowzaMediaServer group and select the Server object. The virtual host operations are found under the Operations tab. There are three operations of interest:
  • 84. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 83 startVHost - start an individual vhost by name stopVHost - stop an individual vhost by name reloadVHostConfig - reload the VHosts.xml configuration file To add a new virtual host without restarting the server, edit VHosts.xml, add a new virtual host definition, then copy and configure a new set of configuration files as described above. Next, open JConsole and navigate to the Server object and click the reloadVHostConfig to reload the VHosts.xml file. Finally, enter the name of the new virtual host into the text entry box next to the startVHost button and click the button. The new virtual host will be started immediately.
  • 85. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 84 Examples & AddOn Packages What do each of these examples do and where do I get AddOn Packages? owza Media Server 2 ships with many examples that highlight the functionality of the server. This chapter describes each of these examples. All Adobe Flash examples are implemented using ActionScript 3.0. For most Flash examples, there is also an ActionScript 2.0 implementation provided in the clientAS2 folder and an Adobe Flex version in the examples clientFlex folder. Older Flash players may only support ActionScript 2.0. Wowza Media Systems also provide several AddOn Packages that extend and enhance the functionality of Wowza Media Server. An up to date list of AddOn Packages can found here: AddOn Packages Note In the root folder of each example is a README.txt that contains any extra installation steps that are necessary to make the example function. To view the examples, navigate to [wowza-install- dir]/examples SimpleVideoStreaming This example includes a video on demand player for Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight. It includes source code for Adobe Flash CS3 or greater, Adobe Flex 3 or greater, Microsoft Silverlight 3 or greater and an Open Source Media Framework (OSMF) based Flash player. It utilizes the default stream type. LiveVideoStreaming This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates how to setup and playback live video. It includes source code for Adobe Flash CS3 or greater, Adobe Flex 3 or greater, Microsoft Silverlight 3 or greater and an Open Source Media Framework (OSMF) based Flash player. It utilizes the live and rtp-live stream types. Chapter 12 W
  • 86. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 85 VideoChat This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates how to implement video chat between two users. It utilizes the live-lowlatency stream type and uses the Camera and Microphone objects to obtain video and audio content. The example can either stream video and audio data between two client connections or loop the data back to itself. VideoRecording This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates how to implement client to server video recording. It utilizes the record stream type and uses the Camera and Microphone objects to obtain video and audio content. TextChat This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates how to implement a simple text chat application. It utilizes the default stream type. SHOUTcast This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates how re-stream SHOUTcast MP3 or AAC+ audio data through Wowza Media Server 2. It utilizes the shoutcast stream type. RemoteSharedObjects This is an Adobe Flash example that illustrates the basics of remote shared objects. It implements the basic remote shared object interface and the onSync event handler to highlight how data is synchronized between client connections. To see the data synchronization in action, try opening two instances of the example. While you make changes in one instance you will see the data update in the other. ServerSideModules This example is referenced by the Wowza IDE: User’s Guide and is a good starting point to learn how to create your first custom server side module.
  • 87. U S E R ’ S G U I D E Copyright © 2006 - 2011 Wowza Media Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 86 MediaSecurity Wowza Media Systems provides a media security package that includes SecureToken and RTMP Authentication functionality as well as a document that covers other methods of securing Wowza Media Server 2. To obtain the latest version of this package, visit the following Wowza Media Server support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnMediaSecurity BWChecker This is an Adobe Flash example that provides a means for testing the bandwidth between individual Flash client connections and Wowza Media Server 2. It includes both a debugging tool that can be used to interactively test bandwidth as well as Flash code that you can embed into your Flash application. LoadBalancer Wowza Media Systems provides a dynamic load balancing package that you can add to the Wowza Media Server 2. To obtain the latest version of this package, visit the following Wowza Media Server support article: http://www.wowzamedia.com/docredirect.php?doc=addOnDynamicLoadBalancing