![WPAN TECHNOLOGIES FOR IoT/M2M
A PAN(also called WPAN) is a network used for communication among intelligent devices physically close to a
person (including smartphones, tablets, body monitors, and so on).
PANs can be used to support wireless body area networks (WBANs)
(also known as wireless medical body area networks [WMBANs] and/or medical body area network systems
[MBANSs]), but they can also be used to support other applications.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unit3-wpan-250402055347-a9806822/85/WPAN-technologies-and-its-wipe-spread-usage-2-320.jpg)
WPAN technologies and its wipe spread usage
- 1. WPAN Tech Personal area networks (PANs): ZigbeeR, BluetoothR, especially Bluetooth low energy (BLE), near field communications (NFC), and proprietary systems (e.g., ANT+,2 NIKE+3); specifically, there is interest in low-power wireless personal area networks (LoWPANs) wireless connectivity at the PHY/MAC layer. PANs are also classified as low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs); Wireless local area networks (WLANs):Wi-Fi IEEEStandard802.11(includ ing vendor-specific implementations for low power4); Metropolitan area networks (MANs): WiMAX; Wireless sensor networks (WSN): application-specific technology, in general; Third generation (3G)/4G cellular: Universal mobile telecommunications sys tem (UMTS),general packet radio service (GPRS), enhanced data rates (EDRs) for GSM evolution (EDGE), and long-term evolution (LTE); Global: Satellite networks.
- 2. WPAN TECHNOLOGIES FOR IoT/M2M A PAN(also called WPAN) is a network used for communication among intelligent devices physically close to a person (including smartphones, tablets, body monitors, and so on). PANs can be used to support wireless body area networks (WBANs) (also known as wireless medical body area networks [WMBANs] and/or medical body area network systems [MBANSs]), but they can also be used to support other applications.
- 4. Key Wireless Technology and Concepts Supporting IoT/M2M Applications 3GPP, 6LoWPAN: IPv6 over low-power area networks (IEEE 802.15.4) ANT/ANT+ Bluetooth EDGE(Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution) DASH7 GPRS(General Packet Radio Service) GSMEDGERadio Access Network (GERAN) IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4j (TG4j) MBANs Infrared Data Association LTE (Long Term Evolution) NFC(Near Field Communication) RF4CE (Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics) Satellite system UTRAN(UMTS Terrestrial Access Network) Wi-Fi WiMAX Wireless Meter-Bus (M-Bus) ,WSN(Wireless Sensor Network ZigBee specification ,Z-wave
- 5. Broadcast: environment where a message is sent from a device in the hope that it is received by a receiver within range. The broadcaster does not receive signals; Mesh: environment Where a message can be relayed from one point in a network to any other by hopping through multiple nodes; Star: environment where a central device can communicate with a number of connected devices; Scanning: environment where a scanning device is constantly in receive mode, waiting to pick up a signal from anything transmitting within range; Point-to-point: in this mode, a one-to-one connection exists, where only two devices are connected over the communication path
- 6. Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 commercialization of consumer-based IoT services requires the introduction of wireless, low-power, battery- powered sensors and actuators in people’s premises.
- 9. ZigBee makes use of the physical radio specified by IEEE802.15.4 It adds logical network capabilities, and security and application software. IEEE 802.15.4 defines a robust radio PHY (physical) layer and MAC (medium access control) layer, while ZigBee defines the network, security, and application framework for an IEEE 802.15.4-based system. ZigBee offers low-latency communication between devices without the need for the initial network synchronization delays as required by Bluetooth. ZigBee can create robust self-forming, self-healing wireless mesh networks. The ZigBee mesh network connects sensors and controllers without being restricted by distance or range limitations
- 10. ZigBee is available as two feature sets, ZigBee PROTM and ZigBee ZigBee PRO, the most widely used specification, is optimized for low-power consumption and to support large networks with thousands of devices ZigBee technology provides reasonably efficient low-power connectivity and ability to connect a large number of devices into a single network LR-WPANs applications require a low-cost, small-size, highly reliable technology which offers long battery life, measured in months or even years, and automatic or semiautomatic installation. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard supports these requirements by trading off higher speed and performance for architectures that benefit from low power consumption and low cost.
- 11. IEEE 802.15.4 defines four types of frames: beacon frames, MAC command frames, acknowledgement frames, and data frames IEEE 802.15.4 networks can either be nonbeacon enabled or beacon enabled.
- 13. There are three categories of logical devices: Network coordinator: Router: End Devices: A PAN coordinator is the designated principal controller of the WPAN. Every network has exactly one PAN coordinator, selected from within all the coordinators of the network. A coordinator is a network device configured to support network functionalities and additional responsibilities, including: Managing a list of all associated network devices; Exchanging data frames with network devices and peer coordinator Allocating 16 bits short address Generating, on a periodic basis, beacon frames
- 14. ZigBee WPAN can be organized into one of three possible topologies, namely a star, a mesh (peer-to-peer), or a cluster tree. The star network topology supports a single coordinator, with up to 65,536 devices. one of the FFD-type devices assumes the role of network coordinator. All other devices act as end devices The selected coordinator is responsible for initiating and maintaining the end devices on the network. Upon initiation, the end devices can only communicate with the coordinator. The mesh configuration allows path formation from any source device to any destination device, using tree- and table-driven routing algorithms. Cluster-tree networks enable a peer peer network to be formed with a minimum of routing overhead, using multihop routing. A cluster-tree network is self-organized and supports network redundancy to achieve a high degree of fault resistance and self-repair. 255 clusters of up to 254 nodes each, for a total of 64,770 nodes
- 16. Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics (RF4CE Operation in the 2.4 GHz frequency band according to IEEE 802.15.4; Frequency agile solution operating over three channels; Incorporates power-saving mechanisms for all device classes; Discovery mechanism with full application confirmation; Pairing mechanism with full application confirmation; Multiple star topology with inter-PAN communication; Various transmission options including broadcast; Security key generation mechanism; Utilizes the industry standard AES-128 security scheme; Specifies a simple RC control profile for CE products; Support alliance-developed standards or manufacturer-specific profiles
- 17. 17 1.Daniel Minoli, Building the Internet of Things with IPv6 and MIPv6: The Evolving World of M2M Communications, Wiley Publications, First Edition, 2013. (UNIT I-IV) 2. Arsheep Bahga , Vijay Madisetti , Internet of Things: A Hands-On Approach, Universities Press, First Edition , 2014.(UNIT I & V) Web Resources References : 06/08/2020 27 Introduction/Data Analytics/Sangeetha K/CSE/SNSCT