writing research papers to the various fields

Presentation by
Dr.Shivaprasad KM
Dr.P.Vijayakarthik
Professors – Dept of ECE and CSE
R.L. Jalappa Institute of Technology
Date : 01-July-2023
ART OF WRITING AND PUBLISHING A
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PAPER

A good research paper addresses a specific
research question.
🠶 The research question or study objective
or main research hypothesis is the central
organizing principle of the paper.
🠶 Whatever relates to the research question
belongs in the paper; the rest doesn’t.
🠶 In applied domains, some papers are
written based on projects that were
undertaken for operational reasons.
🠶 The primary aim of theoretical
researches is to produce new knowledge.

17/06/2025 R L Jalappa Institute of Technology 14
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What is a research
paper ?
A good research paper addresses a specific research
question.
🠶 The research question or study objective or
main research hypothesis is the central organizing
principle of the paper.
🠶 Whatever relates to the research question belongs
in the paper; the rest doesn’t.
🠶 In applied domains, some papers are written
based on projects that were undertaken for
operational reasons.
🠶 The primary aim of theoretical researches is
to produce new knowledge.
2

How many research
questions to address in a
paper ?
aGenerally, only one main research question should
be
ddressed in a paper.
 Secondly, but related some other questions are
allowed.
 If a project allows you explore several distinct
research
questions, write several papers.
 An example…
 The idea is not to split results into least publishable
units, a practice that is rightly decried, but rather into
optionally publishable units.
3

What is a good research
question ?
🠶 The key attributes are : i) specifying ii) originality
ornovelty iii) general relevance to a broad
scientific
community
🠶 The research question should be precise and not
merely identify a general idea of inquiry.
🠶 A study does not necessarily have to break
completely new ground, but it should extend previous
knowledge in a useful way.
🠶 Alternatively, the research should be of interest to
others
who work in the same scientific area.
4

What are the requirements of a
scientificpaper ?
🠶 Robert Day (1983) emphasized on how the paper
was written and the way it was published. The
process leading to publication is equally important
as the content, style and organization of the paper.
🠶 Publication outlet- Conference or Journal,
book
chapter, technical report, etc.
🠶 The first disclosure of the result should enable
peers to
(i) Assess observation
(ii) Repeat the expression
(iii) Evaluate intellectual processes
5

Where to publish a scientific
researchpaper?
 A scientific paper must be published in the right
place.
 Right place is a peer-reviewed journal or top ranked
conference.
 For computer Science, paper in proceedings of some
top ranked conferences are equally or even more
prestigious than articles in highly ranked journals.
 For natural science, conference publications have
little to no value in the track record.
 Impact factor, Thomson Reuter’s SCI and SCIE-indexed
journals.
6

Structure of a Research
Paper
🠶 Leads the reader from general motivations to problem description, solution
mode
and important contribution.
🠶 Body
🠶 Focus on right thematic scape and described research methods /theories
/model and any mathematical proofs.
🠶 Results and Discussions
🠶 Discussion of experimental aims to draw general conclusions
🠶 References
7
🠶 Title
🠶 Abstract
🠶
Introduction

Structure of A
Paper
8
Title
Abstract
Introductio
n
Body
Discussion
References
Logical Order
Hourglass
Model
King
Model

Structure of A
Paper
9
What was done? What was
found? What are the major
conclusions?
What problem was investigated
and why?
What other works were done in the related
field? (i.e. a short review)
What is the aim/objective of the work?
How was the problem investigated?
What are the outcomes?
What do these outcomes/findings mean?
What is the take-home message of the work?

Titl
e
10
🠶 The title is the part of a paper that is read the most.
🠶 A good title is defined as “The
fewest possible words that adequately
describe the contents of the paper”
🠶 An effective title should
🠶 Identify the main issue of the paper
🠶 Begin with the subject of the paper
🠶 Be accurate, unambiguous, specific and complete
🠶 Do not contain abbreviations unless they are well
known
🠶 Attract readers.

Some example
titles
 “A new Framework for Dynamic Adaptations and
Actions” --
-- Bad title (What kind of adaptations and actions are
deals)
 “GoTo statement is considered harmful” -- Bad
title:
Meaningless to non-computer science
 Tradeoff Between Execution Speedup and Reliability
for Compute Intensive Code Offloading in Mobile
Device Cloud
– Good title
 A Prioritized Meta-HeuristicAlgorithmfor Virtual
Machine Migration in Mobile Cloud Computing – Good
title
1
1

Abstract
(1)
🠶 An abstract comprises a one-paragraph
summary of the whole paper
🠶 Abstracts may serve as a highly aggregated substitute
for the full paper
🠶 It’s important for being searched in electronic
publication
databases
🠶 A checklist defining relevant parts of an abstract –
Motivation, Problem, Solution, Results, Implications
12

Abstract
(2)
3rd
 Line: In thepaper, we have
developed……..,
that are ..........
 4th Line: Special features of your proposed
model
 5th Line: Implementation and Performance
analysis
13
 1st Line: Problem definition and
Challenges
 2nd Line: Existing Works & Limitations

Abstract
(3)
14
Abstract: High-throughput data delivery in Wireless Mesh Networks
(WMNs) is a challenging problem due to dynamic changes of link
quality, interference and congestion. In this work, we first develop
an optimization framework for Dynamic Traffic Engineering (O-DTE)
in WMNs that aims to minimize the interference and congestion at
each hop through joint power and rate control so as to achieve
high- throughput data delivery. Due to NP-hardness of the O-DTE
framework, we then develop a greedy heuristic alternate solution
(G-DTE) that enables routers, at each hop, to select outgoing links
offering higher data rates and reduced interferences. Thus, the
proposed G-DTE produces near optimal results by taking multi-path
data forwarding decisions in distributed fashion; it exploits single-
hop neighborhood information only and thus it is scalable. The
simulation results, carried out in ns-3, demonstrate that the
proposed G-DTE significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art
works in terms of throughput, delay, reliability and fairness
performances.

What should not appear in abstract?
🠶Information and conclusions not
stated in the paper.
🠶Referencesto otherliterature (although
this may vary by journal)
🠶The exact title phrase and illustrative
elements such as tables, figures etc.
🠶Step by step operation method of system
🠶Explanation on contribution
15

Introductio
n
🠶 Establish a territory
🠶Bring out the importance of the subject
🠶Present an overview on current research
🠶 Establish a niche
🠶Oppose an existing assumption or
🠶Reveal a research gap or
🠶Formulate a research question
🠶 Occupy the niche
🠶Sketch the input of your own work and/or
🠶 Outline important method/scheme/algorithm of your own work
🠶Outline important contributions of your paper.
16

Bod
y
section
s
answers to questions and problems.
🠶 Often, the body comprises
several subsections.
🠶 Structure, organization and content depend
heavily on the type of paper, publisher and the
creativity of the authors.
17
🠶 The body of a paper contains
actual research done to answer the
research question.
🠶 It should be written in detail as it
unfolds

Body of Empirical
papers
🠶 The paper body describes the
material and data used for the study.
🠶 The methodologies applied to
answer the research questions and the
results obtained.
🠶 The paper researches must be able to
repeat or reproduce the results.
18

Body of Case Study
Papers
🠶Case study papers describe the
application of existing methods, theory
of tools.
🠶Diverse application areas covered by the
theory or tools.
🠶Summarizethe valueof reflections
abstracted from the experience.
🠶Comparative relevance of methods
to defend applications.
🠶Results of researchers working
on related methods, theories or tools.
19

Body of Methodology
Papers
🠶 Introduce a novelmethod which
may be intended for use in research
🠶 Describe application domains
and
assumptions related to environment
🠶 Evaluation and comparison of
performances of the proposed method in
a practical setting.
20

Body of Theory
Papers
🠶Describe principles, concepts or
models on your work or the related
fields.
🠶Portray ideaswithin a broad
context of related frameworks
and theories.
🠶Originality and soundnessof the
analysis provided
🠶Relevance of the theoreticalcontent
to practice and/or research in the
field.
21

Body-
summary
theories
and
🠶 Contains detail of
methods, tools.
🠶 Answers the research
question results
achieved
implementation,
throug
h
numeric
al
🠶 States the
simulation,
evaluation,
etc.
🠶 Discusses on comparative results
with state- of-the-art works
22

Conclusio
n
🠶A brief summary of the
results
🠶Focus lies
contributo
ry paper
🠶Quantified
on overall
observations and
technology/method of
the
comparison of results
wit
h
previously published paper
🠶Hypothesisdrawn from the results
with summary of evidence
23

Reference
s
🠶 Different publishers require different
formats or styles for citing a paper in the text
and for listing references.
🠶 Name and year system
🠶 Check and Norris (2003) define .....“
🠶 Sometimes it's very hard to read
🠶 Alphabet number system
🠶 As reported in [4]
🠶The reader needs to look back frequently to details
🠶 Citation order system
🠶 The same as Ahphabet-number system with one major difference,
The ref list is not sorted alphabetically but in the order of
appearance in the text.
24

Common
References Style
Guides
🠶 American Psychological Association (APA) style -2003
🠶 Chicago Style (The University of Chicago, 2010)
🠶 Council of Biology Editors (CBE) style (1995)
🠶 Modern Language Association (MLA)-1995
🠶 Practices in Engineering Fields
🠶Variation of number system is the most widely used in
springer-verlag LNCS, ACM and IEEE Computer Society
publications
🠶 Authors have no other choice than adhering to
the
style required by publishers
25

When to write a paper
(Davis, 1997)
26
Idea Write Paper
Idea Do research
Write paper
Do Research
 Forces us to be clear and focused
 Crystallizes what we don’t understand
 Opens the way to dialogue with others:
reality check, critique and collaboration

27 Planning stage
Identify questions to be
answered, analyses to be
reported and target
place of
publication
Set framework for document
(page size, outline, headings, …..)
Excellent fourth draft
Grotty first draft
Presentable second draft
Good third draft
Final document
Submit
Outline structure,
Construct tables & figures
Use journal checklists and
instructions to authors
Circulate to coauthors
Circulate to peers
and coauthors
Polish up presentation,
revisit checklist

Publishing A Scientific
Paper
28

Who are the
audience ?
🠶 Papers must be written for a specific audience
🠶 A scientific paper is written for the editor and
audience
of the intended publication outlet
🠶 A thesis is written for supervisor,
board of examiners and the follow peers
🠶 A doctoral student typically publish parts of his/
her
thesis in scientific journal
🠶 “Knowyour audience, know your subject,
know your purpose and write accordingly”--- Davis
(1997)
29

Is your work ready
for publication?
🠶Make sure that your results are designed to
answer precisely the research question(s)
under examination
🠶Experiments meet accepted standards and
the process of the keeping the research
records is agreed upon
🠶Whether extension of knowledge or
advance in practical application is observed
30

So ..
5
A scientific paper must be published
in the right place at the right time

Have you completed rigorous
peer-review ?
🠶 Each of the team members must review all sections
of the paper
🠶 Check cleanliness, conciseness, correctness
and
coherent writing style.
🠶 Many revisions may be necessary on
🠶 Checking unique interpretation of statements
🠶 Use of the correct word with appropriate
meaning
🠶 Checking types and grammatical errors
🠶 Plagiarism
33

Who/What are the obstacles to
publication?
🠶 Editors/ TPC chair
🠶 Reviewers
🠶 Software that check plagiarism
percentages
🠶 Reputation of your university,
your lab, your team members
and yourself
34

Review process of an
article(1)
🠶Blind review
🠶Double-blind review
🠶Roles involved
🠶Reviewer
🠶Editor-in-Chief (EiC)
🠶Associate Editor (AE)
🠶Managing Editor
🠶Publisher
35

Review Process of an
article(2)
36 Author Editor
Reviewer
Prepare
camera ready
manuscript
Revise and
resubmit
paper
Review
and
suggest
decision
Assign
reviewer
s
Submi
t
paper
Decide
and
notify
author
Editorial
pre-
selection
[Reject] [OK]
[Accept] [Reject]
[Review required]
Submit
to
publishe
Check
revision
s
[No
revie
w
requi
red]
[Review required]

Key roles of a
reviewer
37
🠶To provide information on thematic relevance
to the journal’s scope of the areas
🠶Significance of contribution
🠶Originality of the work
🠶Clarity of writing (readability,
organization, conciseness, and technical
quality of the paper)
🠶Appropriate title and abstract
🠶Conclusion and discussion

Notification message
from the Editor
🠶 Accept
🠶 Revision
🠶Major revision
🠶 Try to answer all comments and revise
your manuscript accordingly
🠶 React politely to adverse comments
🠶 Use different font color to help reviewer
identify the texts you have updated in
your revised manuscript.
🠶Minor revision
🠶 Reject
38

Conference Paper
Publication
🠶Either accepted or reject, typically
major
revisions are not
given
🠶Change of authors
39
🠶Very similar to that of a journal paper
🠶CFP with topic and deadlines
🠶Areas of interests
🠶Submission, notification, camera-
ready and registration deadlines

What makes you a great
research supervisor?
🠶Highly motivated to quality
publications and knowledge
🠶Clear understanding on the area and
care about student understanding
pushe
s
🠶Flexible, contractual,
respected and approachable
🠶Good sense of humor
🠶Positivity and encouraging for
students
🠶Keep time and trust mutually
40

Ethics of Scientific
Writing
Persons who have significant contributions in conducting the
research must not be excluded from the authors list and
persons without having any contribution should not be
included as an author
No Plagiarism but rephrase or rearticulate giving proper
reference.
Be cautious about the novelty and copyrights of others.

Repetitive publication of the
same data also falls under
plagiarism
The most common offense under the
Academic
Code of Conduct is PLAGIARISM
28
Writing

Direct plagiarism Unintentiona
l plagiarism
Direct
without crediting the
author of the original
work.
●It can be a copy of an entire
paper or just one/two
sentences or paragraphs or
pictures from someone else's
work.
●Due to lacking
of knowledge
about
plagiarism.
●Not knowing
when and how
to cite.
29
Writing

32
Writing

45
Thank you all for
your patience
hearing…

writing research papers to the various fields

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