Writing skills
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The document provides guidance on effective writing skills, including conventions, style, and structuring various types of writing. It discusses the importance of spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar to make writing clear and understandable. It also offers tips for word choice, sentence structure, formatting messages and short reports, with the objectives being to convey information in a precise, clear manner. Language banks are provided with phrases for stating objectives, outlining research, presenting findings, and giving recommendations.
Writing skills
- 1. by: Arina, Aspasia and Eddy Writing skills WRITING FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION by: Arina, Aspasia and Eddy
- 3. ◦ Makes clearer essay and understandable ◦ Audience can finish reading without having to stop to try figuring the intended points of a writing ◦ Examinations ◦ When there is little time to proofread, your writing will be more successful if you: ◦ Brainstorm ideas ◦ Organize and plan ◦ Re-read, check and edit
- 4. ◦ Proofread ◦ Read the writing once more to find and correct surface errors ◦ Find someone else to proofread your final draft = more efficient
- 5. SPELLING ◦ Correct spelling makes language CLEARER to readers ◦ Wrong spelling causes CONFUSION ◦ Correct spelling shows that students’ are careful ◦ E.g : conscience and conscious
- 6. ◦ Students also confused between British and American spellings. ◦ E.g : Jewelry (US), Jewellery (British) Humor (US), Humour (British)
- 7. PUNCTUATION ◦ Needed for the sentence to make sense and more enjoyable. ◦ Tells the reader when to start, stop, slow down, pause ◦ Indicates a sentence is a question or statement
- 8. ◦ E.g : “Most of the time, travellers worry about their luggage.” Now delete the comma after the fourth word to totally change the meaning of this sentence: “Most of the time travellers worry about their luggage.”
- 9. CAPITALIZATION ◦ Helps us know quickly what types of nouns we’re dealing with, without our having to stop and figure it ◦ Words that need capitalization -Beginning of a sentence -Titles of books, magazines, movies, etc. -Proper nouns -Days and months -Names of specific places -Titles and
- 10. ◦ E.g: once upon a time, there was a queen. queen cynthia lived in her castle in a faraway land called shangutopia. shangutopia was located in lufecaep valley near a large river which was called the hula hula river. Once upon a time, there was a queen. Queen Cynthia lived in her castle in a faraway land called Shangutopia. Shangutopia was located in Lufecaep Valley near a large river which was called the Hula Hula river.
- 11. GRAMMAR ◦ Structure of the language ◦ Prescribes the ways to put words together to form intelligible sentence ◦ Helps make the language we use understandable to everyone
- 12. ◦ E.g : I will eat fish for dinner and drank milk with it. Will eat is a future tense verb but drank is a past tense verb. Since the dinner is going to happen in the future, it is not possible that the milk was drunk already.
- 13. Writing style
- 14. WORD CHOICES ◦ Use standard English words and phrases ◦ Avoid any words and phrases that are informal, slangs or offensive ◦ Use suitable synonyms for common words ◦ Use words precisely, adjectives sparingly and adverbs rarely
- 15. SHORT FORMS ◦ AVOID: ◦ Contracted forms ◦ Haven’t, I’m ◦ Abbreviations ◦ Ads - Advertisement
- 16. SENTENCE STRUCTURE ◦ In formal writing, you are likely to be expressing complex ideas ◦ You will need to write sentences using ◦ Relative pronouns (which, that ) ◦ Subordinating conjunctions (although, because, if ) ◦ Coordinating conjunctions ( and, but, or )
- 17. ◦ To make a writing sounds formal, ◦ Limit the use of first person pronouns ◦ Often use passive forms ◦ Use more patterns with it and an adjective ◦ Nouns as subjects of active verbs ◦ Complex noun phrases with prepositions are common
- 18. Register message MESSAGE – Method of conveying information in a precise and clear manner
- 19. HOW TO WRITE A MESSAGE ◦ Use appropriate language, style and format ◦ It can be both formal and informal ◦ Be clear, brief and direct
- 20. Short reports REPORT – Describes a study, an investigation, or a project To provide recommendations or updates, and sometimes to persuade the readers to accept an idea
- 21. Organizing A Report TITLE ◦ Should tell the reader exactly what the report is about INTRODUCTION ◦ Gives the reader the background to the report ◦ Aim of writing the report ◦ Include briefly what the report will and will not cover
- 22. BODY OF THE REPORT ◦ Gives precise information about the research you have carried out and what have you discovered from it ◦ Information should be mainly factual and not based on opinion ◦ Tables, charts and bulleted lists make the information clearer CONCLUSIONS ◦ Where you give opinions on the facts that you have discovered
- 23. Language Bank Stating objectives - The purpose/aim/objective of this report is too… - This report aims to… - This report presents/gives information on… Outlining research - We asked (two developers) to… - We conducted our research by… - We examined/looked at/researched… - We surveyed… - We compared A to B. The group was made of…
- 24. Presenting findings - We found that, on the whole,… - According to the majority of respondents… - Overall people referred… - 50% of those surveyed said that… Giving findings - In conclusion… - The research shows/demonstrates… - From the research/the evidence we conclude that… Giving recommendations - We recommend that… - It is the recommend that… - The best solution is/would be to…
- 25. Thank you :) QUOTE OF THE DAY: “It is better to be hated for what you are than to be loved for what you are not.” by: Arina, Aspasia and Eddy