WRNP18 - Software Defined Infrastructures: Multi-Domain Orchestration
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The document provides an overview of multi-domain orchestration and network service orchestration (NSO), detailing the definitions, functions, and challenges in implementing orchestrators across various administrative domains. It emphasizes the need for automated resource management, the integration of network function virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN), as well as acknowledging the hurdles such as scalability, interoperability, and security. Additionally, it discusses the significance of orchestration for applications in 5G, the Internet of Things (IoT), and intelligent transport systems.
![Domain
• Administrative: different organizations and therefore may exist within a single
service provider or cover a set of service providers [RFC 1136: “...A group of hosts,
routers, and networks operated and managed by a single organization...”]
• Technological : type of technology (e.g., Cloud, SDN, NFV, Legacy)
Multi-Domain Orchestrator (MDO)
• (Exposes the available services to the marketplace)
• Service Orchestrator (SO): high-level service models
• Resource Orchestrator (RO): managing resource and orchestrating workflows
Domain Orchestrator (DO)
• Performs per-domain orchestration acting on the underlying infrastructure resources
7
Definitions](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/0930infraestruturasdefinidasporsoftwareorquestracaomultidominiochristianrothenberg1-180507145730/85/WRNP18-Software-Defined-Infrastructures-Multi-Domain-Orchestration-7-320.jpg)
![Net App
Net App
NFs
Net App
Net App
L7 Apps
Network
Resources
NIM
Slicing
Application Services
Vertical
Use
Case i
Control & Management plane
Infrastructure
Business (Application & Service) plane
Slicing
Compute
Resources
VIM
Slicing
MonitoringMonitoringMonitoring
VIM-independent Slicing [0]
(“Bare-metal”)
[Infrastructure Slice aaS]
VIM-dependent Slicing [1]
[Resource Slice aaS]
(R) Orchestration
Service-based Slicing [3]
[Service Slice aaS]
Network Service Orchestration
MANO-based Slicing [2]
[NFV aaS]
Slicing
S
Vertical
S
Service
iS
Scenarios: Network Slicing
Source: NECOS (Novel Enablers for Cloud Slicing). http://www.h2020-necos.eu/
co-funded by the European Union (H2020-777067) and the Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa under the EU-Brazil Joint Call EUB-01-2017](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/0930infraestruturasdefinidasporsoftwareorquestracaomultidominiochristianrothenberg1-180507145730/85/WRNP18-Software-Defined-Infrastructures-Multi-Domain-Orchestration-24-320.jpg)
![Net App
Net App
NFs
Net App
Net App
L7 Apps
Network
Resources
NIM
Slicing
Application Services
Vertical
Use
Case i
Control & Management plane
Infrastructure
Business (Application & Service) plane
Slicing
Compute
Resources
VIM
Slicing
MonitoringMonitoringMonitoring
VIM-independent Slicing [0]
(“Bare-metal”/ à la IaaS)
[Infra Slice aaS ?]
VIM-dependent Slicing [1]
[Platform Slice aaS ?]
(R) Orchestration
Service-based Slicing [3]
[Service Slice aaS ?]
Network Service Orchestration
MANO-based Slicing [2]
[NFV aaS ?]
Slicing
S
Vertical
S
Service
iS
Título da Palestra](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/0930infraestruturasdefinidasporsoftwareorquestracaomultidominiochristianrothenberg1-180507145730/85/WRNP18-Software-Defined-Infrastructures-Multi-Domain-Orchestration-33-320.jpg)
WRNP18 - Software Defined Infrastructures: Multi-Domain Orchestration
- 1. Orquestração Multi-Domínio Christian Esteve Rothenberg Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
- 2. Legacy Data Plane Mgm.APIs Distributed L2/L3 Control Plane Managemt Software Southbound Agent (e.g. OF) Network Controller / OS Southbound Protocol (e.g. OF) Business / Control Apps Northbound APIs Mgm. HAL APIs / Drivers APIs Compiler Auto-GeneratedTarget Binary SDNSDN VNF HW Resources Virtualization DP CP M g m GP-CPU (x86, ARM) NFVNFV VNFM (Manager) VIM (Infra-M) OSS/BSS APIs Southbound APIs/Plugins Mgm. Apps Network OS / Bare Metal Switches Background: Network Softwarization Orchestrator (SO/RO/LCM)
- 3. 3 Background: What does “Orchestration” mean?
- 4. 4 Background: What does “Orchestration” mean?
- 6. Network Service Orchestration: High-level reference model Source: Network Service Orchestration: A Survey. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.06596
- 7. Domain • Administrative: different organizations and therefore may exist within a single service provider or cover a set of service providers [RFC 1136: “...A group of hosts, routers, and networks operated and managed by a single organization...”] • Technological : type of technology (e.g., Cloud, SDN, NFV, Legacy) Multi-Domain Orchestrator (MDO) • (Exposes the available services to the marketplace) • Service Orchestrator (SO): high-level service models • Resource Orchestrator (RO): managing resource and orchestrating workflows Domain Orchestrator (DO) • Performs per-domain orchestration acting on the underlying infrastructure resources 7 Definitions
- 8. 8 Definitions | Approaches | Scope | Standardization
- 9. 9 Orchestration: automated, programmatic & coordinated control and management of resources for creating, adapting or removing network services. Definition: Orchestration
- 10. 10 Orchestration = F(Management,Automation) Source: Network Service Orchestration: A Survey. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.06596
- 11. 11 NSO::Functions Source: Network Service Orchestration: A Survey. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.06596
- 12. 12 NSO::Practical Definition Source: Network Service Orchestration: A Survey. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.06596
- 13. ETSI approaches for multiple administrative domains 13 Source: ETSI NSO::Single and Multi-Domain
- 14. Taxonomy Source: Network Service Orchestration: A Survey. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.06596
- 15. Standardization
- 18. 18 Open Source Implementations Source: arxiv.org/abs/1803.06596
- 19. Virtualization Orchestration Network APP Network APP Network APP… … Transport, Radio and Cloud resources Radio CloudCloud Optical PacketPacket uW Optical Access Aggregation control virtualization control virtualization control virtualization control virtualization control virtualization control virtualization control virtualization control virtualization Kista 5G Transport Lab Scenarios: 5G Source: Netsoft 2017 Tutorial: End-to-End Programmability and Orchestration in 5G Networks.
- 20. Network App Orchestration Service orchestrator Resource orchestrator Resource orchestrator Resource orchestrator Transport Control A Radio Control Cloud Control Transport Control B SDN / OpenDayLight Distributed controlOpenStack incl internal DC NW OSS / BSS Scenarios: 5G Source: Netsoft 2017 Tutorial: End-to-End Programmability and Orchestration in 5G Networks.
- 21. Expose just enough information to make optimal resource orchestration. Provide service Orchestration Layer: ~1 Domain Controllers: 10s Network nodes: 1000s Detailed control Technology dependent Simplified view Relevant data Scenarios: 5G Source: Netsoft 2017 Tutorial: End-to-End Programmability and Orchestration in 5G Networks.
- 22. Transport Control RAN Control Orchestration Programmable Transport Network App (Joint Optimization) Joint Optimization of RAN & Transport • Elastic Mobile Broadband Service • Joint RAN-Transport Slicing (Multi- operator) • Joint Load-balancing • Energy saving • Dynamic clustering • Pooling • Shared fronthaul • Resilience Scenarios: 5G Source: Netsoft 2017 Tutorial: End-to-End Programmability and Orchestration in 5G Networks.
- 23. 23 Source: Network Slicing for 5G with SDN/NFV: Concepts, Architectures, and Challenges. ● Mechanism to provide flexible management of network resources ● Enable operators to create multiple network resources and (virtual) network ● Functions isolated and customized over a shared physical infrastructure NSO to automate the lifecycle of a slice, providing multi-operator coordination management in order to create end-to-end network slices across multiple administrative domains Scenarios: Network Slicing
- 24. Net App Net App NFs Net App Net App L7 Apps Network Resources NIM Slicing Application Services Vertical Use Case i Control & Management plane Infrastructure Business (Application & Service) plane Slicing Compute Resources VIM Slicing MonitoringMonitoringMonitoring VIM-independent Slicing [0] (“Bare-metal”) [Infrastructure Slice aaS] VIM-dependent Slicing [1] [Resource Slice aaS] (R) Orchestration Service-based Slicing [3] [Service Slice aaS] Network Service Orchestration MANO-based Slicing [2] [NFV aaS] Slicing S Vertical S Service iS Scenarios: Network Slicing Source: NECOS (Novel Enablers for Cloud Slicing). http://www.h2020-necos.eu/ co-funded by the European Union (H2020-777067) and the Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa under the EU-Brazil Joint Call EUB-01-2017
- 25. …… PROVIDER TENANTS Internal Slices External / Provider- managed Slices External / Tenant- managed Slices Infrastructure Source: A Network Service Provider Perspective on Network Slicing. Luis M. Contreras and Diego R. López. IEEE Softwarization, January 2018 Orchestration under diferent types of slices and control responsibilities
- 26. • Software-defined infrastructures embracing Network Service Orchestration as strategic elements of the evolving networking landscape. • NSO aims at converging various technologies by providing a broader and comprehensible view of network services • Single and Multi-domain • Many open challenges and issues.... 26 Conclusions
- 27. http://www.intrig.dca.fee.unicamp.br Thanks! Gracias! Obrigado! Acknowledgments: This work was partially supported by the Innovation Center, Ericsson S.A., Brazil, grant UNI.62, and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 grant agreement no. 777067 (NECOS - Novel Enablers for Cloud Slicing), as well as from the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Communication (MCTIC) through RNP and CTIC and NECOS Christian Esteve Rothenberg chesteve@dca.fee.unicamp.br
- 30. But, wait…., what is a Slice?
- 31. …… PROVIDER TENANTS Internal Slices External / Provider- managed Slices External / Tenant- managed Slices Infrastructure Tenant monitoring the slice and the services Provider monitoring the slice and tenants monitoring the services Provider monitoring the slice and the services Provider monitoring the infra MONITORING Source: A Network Service Provider Perspective on Network Slicing. Luis M. Contreras and Diego R. López. IEEE Softwarization, January 2018 Types of slices and control responsibilities
- 32. Net App Net App Net App Net App Net App Net App Network infrastructure Southbound Interface Network Operating System Northbound Interface Language-based Virtualization Programming languages Network Applications Debugging,Testing&Simulation Network Operating System and Hypervisors Network Applications Routing Access Control Load balancer Control plane Data plane Management plane Network Hypervisor Título da Palestra
- 33. Net App Net App NFs Net App Net App L7 Apps Network Resources NIM Slicing Application Services Vertical Use Case i Control & Management plane Infrastructure Business (Application & Service) plane Slicing Compute Resources VIM Slicing MonitoringMonitoringMonitoring VIM-independent Slicing [0] (“Bare-metal”/ à la IaaS) [Infra Slice aaS ?] VIM-dependent Slicing [1] [Platform Slice aaS ?] (R) Orchestration Service-based Slicing [3] [Service Slice aaS ?] Network Service Orchestration MANO-based Slicing [2] [NFV aaS ?] Slicing S Vertical S Service iS Título da Palestra
- 34. Scenarios::Intelligent Transport System 34 ● Network service orchestration can contribute largely in Intelligent Transport System. ● All components and network need to operate for offerrig integrated services and fine-configurations. Another issue is the dynamism of the traffic with big amount of data. ● NSO can handle a big amount of data, contexts, and interfaces under an automatic and agile way.
- 35. Scenarios::Internet of Things ● IoT will lead to scalability and management issues in the process of transport, processing, and storage of the data in real time ● NSO along with NFV and SDN can help to process and manage significant amounts of IoT-generated data with better network efficiency. ● Besides, they reduce the human intervention in the operation of the network, feature that is essential to the achievement of Internet of Things. 35
- 36. Challenges::Scalability ● 5G network might connect 50 billion devices until 2020. ● Orchestration process requires the ability to handle the growth of networks and services to support the huge amount of connected nodes over a heterogeneous infrastructure. ● This environment demands high scalability of the components involved, including orchestrators, controllers, and managers. ● A key challenge is therefore to develop an orchestration process that is massively scalable. 36
- 37. • NSO features: • High-level vision of the NS • Smart services deployment and provisioning • Single and multi-domain environment support • Proper interaction with different MANO and non-MANO elements • New markets opportunities 37 NSO::Practical Definition
- 38. • Orchestrator: automatic resource coordination and control, as well as service provision to customers • ETSI NFV-MANO defines the orchestrator with two main functions: • resources orchestration across multiple VIMs • network service orchestration* • Different orchestrators can exist in each plane, not being limited to a single orchestrator • Tackle scalability issues 38 NSO::Functions
- 39. Challenges::Security and Resiliency ● Security and resiliency must be considered both in design and operation stages of network services. ● Service instantiation involves automated processes that add and delete network elements. A critical problem is the addition of a malicious node that can perform attacks. ● Multi-domain orchestration hide specific details of each domain that ensures privacy and confidentiality. ● Resilience in main NSO components is also a critical problem because it can impact directly in overall service operation. 39
- 40. Challenges::Resource/Service Model ● Network services need to be efficiently modeled towards deploying resource requirements, configuration parameters, management policies, and performance metrics. ● It is a challenge to translate higher-level policies into a lower level configuration. ● There are templates and data modeling languages: ○ TOSCA, YANG, HOT, Unify ● Currently, there is no a standard resource and service modeling. 40
- 41. Challenges::Performance/Assurance ● Orchestration technology -> virtualized and software-based infrastructure. ● Performance and Service Assurance are constant challenges in a highly dynamic environment (performance monitoring coupled with network services maintenance) ● To keep NS performance, it is demanded that the system equally performs in different layers ○ Multi-domain scenarios: exchange of information and resources between different organizations/domains ● Projects within 5G-PPP are targeting enhanced performance 41
- 42. Challenges::Interoperability ● Challenge: create and to manage services across unique and proprietary interfaces, making integration and startup. ● Interoperability is essential to enable the deployment of end- to-end network services. ● There is no consensus about how would be the exchanging process in multi-domain environment. ● Standardization is a path to enable interoperability of network services. 42
- 43. Challenges::NS Lifecycle Management ● Network Service Lifecycle Management is fundamental to ensure the correct operation of the service ● Service lifecycle automation can be obtained through heuristic algorithms and machine learning techniques. ● ONAP: ○ Use closed control loop to provide automation, performance and lifecycle management ○ BPMN/TOSCA workflow to meet the needs of NSO-based lifecycle automation 43
- 45. What is an administrative domain? ● RFC 1136: “...A group of hosts, routers, and networks operated and managed by a single organization...” ○ i.e., Amazon EC2, AT&T, Comcast…. ● Where are the organization boundaries? ○ There are devices in multiple administrative domains ○ i.e., Your home, an industry, a farm, IoT gadgets, mobile-phone/tablet
- 46. Who owns the network? ● Cabling and black/white-boxes spread in regions ○ Big content-providers become infrastructure providers (e.g., amazon, google, facebook) ○ Getting closer to the edge ● There are services in different layers/levels, ○ i.e., Mobile Virtual Network Operators ● Walking into end-to-end programmable paths ○ In business: network slices
- 47. What if (in SDN/NFV words)… ● … programmable paths have predictable performance? ● … there is a reliable manner to audit such paths? ● … such paths are established from radio to core (end-to-end)? ● … heterogeneous business needs fit into shared network infrastructures?
- 48. Is routing enough? ● BGP developed for inter-domain routing ○ Overloaded with many added features/patches ○ Management complexity (i.e., path inflation, route leaks) ○ Limited set of mechanisms ● More and more business models coming to networks ○ Augmented reality ○ IoT ○ Vehicular-to-X
- 49. In the real world ahead ● ETSI NFV ○ MANO to MANO interactions ● MEF SD-WAN ○ Low cost end-to-end VPN-like on-demand ● 3GPP Network Slicing ○ Mobile Radio and Core sharing among multiple operators
- 50. At the same time ISPs want service diversification ● ISPs also want to keep ○ Minimum information revealed: expose only the needed/abstracted internal info ○ Efficiency: intra-domain traffic engineering ○ Fairness: competition with cooperation
- 51. Operational Challenges ● From routes to network function forwarding graphs (service chains) ● Edge evolves enabling close-to-customer network diversification ● Operators initiated to define and understand network analytics ● Dynamic network behaviors closer to be understood (control- loop) ● However: ○ Avoid unpredictable shifts in network traffic volumes ○ Shared hot infrastructure vs. diverse tenant isolated traffic ○ From handshake agreements to explicit coordination
- 52. Goal: to define network services at high-level, relying on multiple technologies and paradigm implementations. • comprises the semantics of requested service. • coordinates specific actions in order to fulfill the service requirements and to manage end-to-end lifecycles. • Involves business and operations that go beyond the delivery of network services (as defined by ETSI). 52 Towards a Practical Definition of NSO