![T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 24
A Simple Example: Beans
-- Specify a Code Generator using Xtend --
class BeansDslGenerator implements IGenerator {
override void doGenerate(Resource resource, IFileSystemAccess fsa) {
resource.allContents.toIterable.filter(typeof(Bean)).forEach[
fsa.generateFile('''beans/«name».java''', compile)
]
}
def compile(Bean bean) {
'''
public class «bean.name» «IF bean.superType != null»extends «bean.superType.name» «EN
«FOR att : bean.attributes»
private «att.type.typeToString» «att.name»;
«ENDFOR»
«FOR att : bean.attributes»
public «att.type.typeToString» get«att.name.toFirstUpper»() {
return «att.name»;
}
public void set«att.name.toFirstUpper»(«att.type.typeToString» _arg) {
this.«att.name» = _arg;
}
«ENDFOR»
}
'''}
def typeToString(BasicType type) {
if (type.literal.equals("string")) "String" else type}
}
Output written in .java file
Each bean becomes a Java class
Each bean attribute is mapped to
Java attribute, getter- and setter-
method](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/seminartechtalkxtext2015-11-24-160418132524/85/Xtext-project-and-PhDs-in-Gemany-24-320.jpg)
![T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 26
A Simple Example: Beans
-- Testing Code Generator using JUnit --
class BeansGeneratorTests {
@Rule
@Inject public TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder
@Inject extension CompilationTestHelper
@Inject extension ReflectExtensions
@Test
def void testTwoCompiledClasses() {
'''
bean Person{string name;}
bean Student extends Person{
boolean isMaster;
studentID; // implicitely typed as int
}
}
'''.compile [
getCompiledClass("Person").assertNotNull
getCompiledClass("Student").assertNotNull
]
}
}
both classes
has been compiled
successfully](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/seminartechtalkxtext2015-11-24-160418132524/85/Xtext-project-and-PhDs-in-Gemany-26-320.jpg)
![T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 27
A Simple Example: Beans
-- Testing Code Generator using JUnit --
@Test
def void playWithGeneratedJavaCode() {
'''
bean Person{string name;}
bean Student extends Person{
boolean isMaster;
studentID; // implicitely typed as int
}
}
'''.compile [
getCompiledClass("Student").newInstance => [
assertNull(it.invoke("getName"))
val aName = "Johnson"
it.invoke("setName", aName) // invoking inherit method
assertEquals(aName, it.invoke("getName"))
val anInt = 1234
it.invoke("setStudentID", anInt)
assertEquals(anInt, it.invoke("getStudentID"))
]
]
}
create instance
of Student and
invoke setter/getter
by reflection](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/seminartechtalkxtext2015-11-24-160418132524/85/Xtext-project-and-PhDs-in-Gemany-27-320.jpg)
Xtext project and PhDs in Gemany
- 1. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 1 Xtext: Eclipse-based framework for defining Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) Thomas Baar thomas.baar@ccfit.nsu.ru (temporary *) NSU Tech Talk; Akademgorodok, 2015-11-24 Guest Lecturer at: Home University: * My stay at Novosibirsk State University is supported by DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service).
- 2. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 2 Domain-Specific Language (DSL) A DSL is a notation for expressing observations, facts, algorithms in an elegant way. The notation can be - textual - graphical - table-oriented or a mixture of the above.
- 3. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 3 Domain-Specific Language (DSL) Compared to general-purpose modeling languages (e.g. UML) or programming languages (e.g. Java), DSLs have usually a (much) less complex syntax while being expressive enough for the domains they target!
- 4. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 4 Domain-Specific Language (DSL) Compared to general-purpose modeling languages (e.g. UML) or programming languages (e.g. Java), DSLs have usually a (much) less complex syntax while being expressive enough for the domains they target! Domain-specific models/programs are typically less complex than models/programs written in a general purpose language. Thus, they are easier to understand and to maintain.
- 5. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 5 DSL Examples Domain Typesetting Language Latex Source: Britannica kids. kid.eb.com
- 6. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 6 DSL Examples Domain Automatic Software Build Language make
- 7. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 7 DSL Examples Domain Chemistry Language Mendeleev's periodic system of chemical elements
- 8. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 8 DSL Examples Domain Process Description Language Harel's statecharts
- 9. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 9 - Что такое? • Eclipse-framework for defining textual DSLs - actually, Xtext is the heart of Eclipse bundle "Eclipse for Java and DSL developers"
- 10. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 10 - Что такое? • Eclipse-framework for defining textual DSLs - actually, Xtext is the heart of Eclipse bundle "Eclipse for Java and DSL developers" • Open source, but professionally developed and maintained by start-up company Itemis (Kiel, Germany) - matured code, release 2.9 expected early Dec 2015 - nice documentation/tutorials - active forum, fast bug-fixes
- 11. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 11 - Что такое? • Eclipse-framework for defining textual DSLs - actually, Xtext is the heart of Eclipse bundle "Eclipse for Java and DSL developers" • Open source, but professionally developed and maintained by start-up company Itemis (Kiel, Germany) - matured code, release 2.9 expected early Dec 2015 - nice documentation/tutorials - active forum, fast bug-fixes • Very informative website www.eclipse.org/xtext - short video tutorials explaining each editor feature - links to what community has implemented using Xtext
- 12. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 12 Xtext: Mission & Workflow Mission: Make the Definition and Usage of textual DSLs as easy as possible.
- 13. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 13 Overview on DSL Definition DSL-Part Defined in Purpose Grammar EBNF-inspired Grammar language specify lexer, parser Validator Xtend * filter out non-intended input models; trigger error- markers in editor Scope definitions Xtend resolve cross-references Editor configurations (Overview pane, content assist/auto-completion, font-selection, tooltips, etc.) Xtend adjust editor features Code generator Xtend specify code generator Tests Xtend execute test cases for lexer, parser, validator, scope provider, editor, eclipse integration, etc. * Xtend - An extension of Java invented from Xtext-team in order to make typical programming tasks (e.g. AST traversion, code templates) much easier.
- 14. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 14 More detailed DSL-Definition Workflow
- 15. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 15 Example Project Beans
- 16. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 16 A Simple Example: Beans -- Create an Xtext Project --
- 17. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 17 A Simple Example: Beans -- Define the Grammar --
- 18. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 18 A Simple Example: Beans -- Define the Grammar -- Header Start Rule Feature in generated EMF class Cross-reference Keyword Optional Occurence
- 19. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 19 Xtext is build on top of the parser generator ANTLR. For the above grammar, much longer input files for ANTLR have been generated (299 LOC, 24 LOC). A Simple Example: Beans -- Define the Grammar -- Header Start Rule Feature in generated EMF class Cross-reference Keyword Optional Occurence The formalism for defining a grammar is a DSL! This DSL has been implemented by Xtext itself ;-)
- 20. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 20 A Simple Example: Beans -- Testing the Parser using JUnit -- Pre-defined helper classes String templates (enclosed by ''' ) Extension method (actually defined in ParserHelper and not in String)
- 21. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 21 A Simple Example: Beans -- Adding a Validator: Making the syntax more precise -- class BeansDslValidator extends AbstractBeansDslValidator { public static val INVALID_NAME = 'invalidName' @Check def checkBeannameStartsWithCapital(Bean bean) { if (!Character.isUpperCase(bean.name.charAt(0))) { error('Name must start with a capital', BeansDslPackage.Literals.BEAN__NAME, INVALID_NAME ) } } } Mark input text as erroneous under certain circumstances
- 22. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 22 A Simple Example: Beans -- Testing the Validator using JUnit --
- 23. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 23 A Simple Example: Beans -- Enjoy the Editor :-) -- Content assist (aka auto-completion) Grammar error (missing ';') Validation error (no capital letter)
- 24. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 24 A Simple Example: Beans -- Specify a Code Generator using Xtend -- class BeansDslGenerator implements IGenerator { override void doGenerate(Resource resource, IFileSystemAccess fsa) { resource.allContents.toIterable.filter(typeof(Bean)).forEach[ fsa.generateFile('''beans/«name».java''', compile) ] } def compile(Bean bean) { ''' public class «bean.name» «IF bean.superType != null»extends «bean.superType.name» «EN «FOR att : bean.attributes» private «att.type.typeToString» «att.name»; «ENDFOR» «FOR att : bean.attributes» public «att.type.typeToString» get«att.name.toFirstUpper»() { return «att.name»; } public void set«att.name.toFirstUpper»(«att.type.typeToString» _arg) { this.«att.name» = _arg; } «ENDFOR» } '''} def typeToString(BasicType type) { if (type.literal.equals("string")) "String" else type} } Output written in .java file Each bean becomes a Java class Each bean attribute is mapped to Java attribute, getter- and setter- method
- 25. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 25 A Simple Example: Beans -- Enjoy the Code Generator :-) -- One input file (written in our DSL) Location of generated artifacts Three output files (written in target language)
- 26. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 26 A Simple Example: Beans -- Testing Code Generator using JUnit -- class BeansGeneratorTests { @Rule @Inject public TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder @Inject extension CompilationTestHelper @Inject extension ReflectExtensions @Test def void testTwoCompiledClasses() { ''' bean Person{string name;} bean Student extends Person{ boolean isMaster; studentID; // implicitely typed as int } } '''.compile [ getCompiledClass("Person").assertNotNull getCompiledClass("Student").assertNotNull ] } } both classes has been compiled successfully
- 27. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 27 A Simple Example: Beans -- Testing Code Generator using JUnit -- @Test def void playWithGeneratedJavaCode() { ''' bean Person{string name;} bean Student extends Person{ boolean isMaster; studentID; // implicitely typed as int } } '''.compile [ getCompiledClass("Student").newInstance => [ assertNull(it.invoke("getName")) val aName = "Johnson" it.invoke("setName", aName) // invoking inherit method assertEquals(aName, it.invoke("getName")) val anInt = 1234 it.invoke("setStudentID", anInt) assertEquals(anInt, it.invoke("getStudentID")) ] ] } create instance of Student and invoke setter/getter by reflection
- 28. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 28 Summary • Differences of domain-specific and general-purpose languages • Short overview on purpose and architecture of Xtext • Gone through small example (hopefully) showing the efficiency gain
- 29. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 29 Summary • Differences of domain-specific and general-purpose languages • Short overview on purpose and architecture of Xtext • Gone through small example (hopefully) showing the efficiency gain Try it out by yourself! Xtext is very versatile and stable.
- 30. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, The framework Xtext. 2015-11-24 30 Thank you!
- 31. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 1 How to write a PhD thesis in Germany Thomas Baar thomas.baar@ccfit.nsu.ru (temporary *) NSU Tech Talk; Akademgorodok, 2015-11-24 Guest Lecturer at: Home University: * My stay at Novosibirsk State University is supported by DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service).
- 32. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 2 What do you like Germany for? Source of map: "Deutschland topo" by Botaurus-stellaris - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deutschland_topo.jpg#/media/File:Deutschland_topo.jpg
- 33. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 3 What do you like Germany for? Source of map: "Deutschland topo" by Botaurus-stellaris - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deutschland_topo.jpg#/media/File:Deutschland_topo.jpg Cultural heritage (literature, music, architecture) Social welfare Innovative companies High-quality products („Made in (West-)Germany“) Efficiency German beer :-)
- 34. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 4 Up-/Downsides of Efficiency
- 35. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 5 Up-/Downsides of Efficiency Ups - high wages - cheap products/food - as a country: strong economic position (much more export than import)
- 36. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 6 Up-/Downsides of Efficiency Ups - high wages - cheap products/food - as a country: strong economic position (much more export than import) Downs - high unemployment rate - expensive workplaces do not call a craftsman ... - high pressure on employees Diesel Gate at VW
- 37. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 7 Efficiency also in Academia • Comparing Student/Employee ratio of - Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW) Berlin University of Applied Sciences - Humboldt-University (HU) Berlin - Novosibirsk State University (NSU) 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 HTW Berlin HU Berlin NSU Size of Universities Employees Students
- 38. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 8 Efficiency also in Academia • Comparing Student/Employee ratio of - Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW) Berlin University of Applied Sciences - Humboldt-University (HU) Berlin - Novosibirsk State University (NSU) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 HTW Berlin HU Berlin NSU Students per Employee 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 HTW Berlin HU Berlin NSU Size of Universities Employees Students
- 39. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 9 Efficiency also in Academia • Comparing Student/Employee ratio of - Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW) Berlin University of Applied Sciences - Humboldt-University (HU) Berlin - Novosibirsk State University (NSU) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 HTW Berlin HU Berlin NSU Students per Employee 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 HTW Berlin HU Berlin NSU Size of Universities Employees Students This is the paradise !!!
- 40. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 10 My Career 1990-97 Study of Computer Science at HU Berlin 1997-99 Research Assistent at HU Berlin 1999 How to continue? Hard decision! 1999-03 Doctoral Student at University of Karlsruhe (today: KIT) 2003-07 Post-Doc, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland 2007-11 Senior Engineer in small software company, Berlin 2011 -- Professor at HTW Berlin
- 41. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 11 My Period of Writing PhD Thesis • 2 years preliminary research work at HU Berlin • my group in Karlsruhe - 2 professors - 2 post-docs - 4 phd students funding from DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft): salary, equipement, travelling basically no teaching obligations - appr. 5-10 student assistents
- 42. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 12 My Period of Writing PhD Thesis • 2 years preliminary research work at HU Berlin • my group in Karlsruhe - 2 professors - 2 post-docs - 4 phd students funding from DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft): salary, equipement, travelling basically no teaching obligations - appr. 5-10 student assistents We have the worst PhD supervisor ever, because he does not supervise us!
- 43. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 13 My Period of Writing PhD Thesis • 2 years preliminary research work at HU Berlin • my group in Karlsruhe - 2 professors - 2 post-docs - 4 phd students funding from DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft): salary, equipement, travelling basically no teaching obligations - appr. 5-10 student assistents We have the worst PhD supervisor ever, because he does not supervise us! We have the best PhD supervisor ever, because he does not supervise us!
- 44. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 14 How to find open Research Position? • Ask your professor/supervisor here in Nsk - people meet at conferences/workshops and disseminate open positions • Go to www.academics.de - offers alert service - informative links
- 45. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 15 Types of PhD Positions • assistent position at university (Landesstelle) + contract extension no problem - sometimes time-consuming teaching obligations • research position at university (e.g. DFG financed) + focus on research; no teaching - sometimes hard to get project extension • position at research institute (Fraunhofer, Leibniz) + working on industry problems - overloaded with work to reach next milestone • research position in industry (Daimler Benz, Siemens) + working on industry problems - no strong supervision; danger to become 'ordinary' project member
- 46. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 16 Initiative for Academic Excellence • Initiated by chancellor Gerhard Schröder Idea: Universities and clusters can apply for special status "Place of Excellence" - selected universities get huge research money from Federal budget - highly competitive (only 5-10 universities got status) - only already renowned universities have chance to become successful Rational: Germany wants to "become better" in world- wide rankings
- 47. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 17 Consequences of Excellence Initiative • currently a lot of money "in the system" • many interesting projects • a lot of open positions :-) - also due to the current very good job market many talented graduates go to industry
- 48. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 18 Consequences of Excellence Initiative • currently a lot of money "in the system" • many interesting projects • a lot of open positions :-) - also due to the current very good job market many talented graduates go to industry !!! However !!! - still only non-permanent positions - becoming a professor after PhD project became even more difficult (due to many qualified colleages that completed PhD as well)
- 49. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 19 Will I have enough money to survive? • as a PhD student: no fees to be paid
- 50. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 20 Will I have enough money to survive? • as a PhD student: no fees to be paid • Salary usually according to Tv-L 13: currently 3500 € per month - from this appr. 50% reduction for taxes, health insurance, pension plan - !Attention! some research projects offer only 50% jobs "officially" 50% workload, but for sure only 50% payment
- 51. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 21 Will I have enough money to survive? • as a PhD student: no fees to be paid • Salary usually according to Tv-L 13: currently 3500 € per month - from this appr. 50% reduction for taxes, health insurance, pension plan - !Attention! some research projects offer only 50% jobs "officially" 50% workload, but for sure only 50% payment • Some prices: - lunch in cafeteria: appr. 4 € - food from supermarket: appr. 150 € per month - 1-room flat in Berlin: from 400 € per month
- 52. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 22 Final Recommendations • Do not worry about German language skills - helpful in private life, but not mandatory at university • my favourite position: research at university with professor having 3-4 PhD students • getting an 1-year-contract initially is rather normal • publications - do not wait too long with your first one - write only if you found out something worth to be told - also read books/articles on "How to write a good paper?/How to give a good talk?"
- 53. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 23 Final Recommendations Prof. Tom Henzinger: „Strive always to be as good as you can!“ (when writing applications,writing papers, giving talks)
- 54. T.Baar: NSU TechTalk, Writing a PhD Thesis in Germany. 2015-11-24 24 Thank you!