Yearly Topics
- 1. Language Arts Topics Review Ms. Brand
- 3. SHORT STORIES Title Author Setting- Place, Time where story takes place Characters- Dynamic and Static Point of View- 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd Plot- sequence of events Theme- What is the lesson or main idea the writer is trying to get across. Conflict- Internal vs. External Man vs. nature, Man vs. Man, Man vs. Himself.
- 4. Plot Exposition- Background info. Rising Action- conflicts/actions that increase the interest in the story. Climax- the highest point of anticipation in the story. The conflict comes to a final confrontation. Falling Action- Wrapping up all lose ends. Everything is finally explained.
- 5. NONFICTION
- 6. NONFICTION Definition- writing that tells about real people, places, and events. It contains actual info. That can be arranged any way the writer chooses. Autobiography, Biography, Essay, Article, Interview
- 7. Autobiography Story of person’s life told by that person. Written in first person. Usually a long work covering a long part of writer’s life. Often told in narrative form (like a novel) Examples: Journals, Diaries, Memoirs (memories), and letters.
- 8. Biography Story of person’s life told by someone else. Written in third person. Info. is gathered by reading letters and diaries. Often told in narrative form with characters and setting. Purpose is to present an accurate account of the subject’s life.
- 9. Article and Interview Article: Provides facts about a subject. Examples: Newspapers, Magazine Articles, Textbooks, Pamphlets, History Books, and Gardening books. Interview: Conversation in which one person asks another person questions for the purpose of gathering info. Helps interviewer keep an accurate account of the person’s life or a time in history.
- 10. Research/Reference Encyclopedia -multiple volumes; general information about a variety of subjects General Biographical References Info. About birth date, nationality, major accomplishments, and of outstanding people Atlases - maps and geographical info. Almanacs - used to be written every year to give the previous year’s data on weather, records, economy, gov’t, tons of facts; now they are updated regularly on-line. Periodicals - Information published on regular basis (newspapers, magazines, journals, etc.
- 11. Parts of a Book: Title page- gives full title, author, publisher, and place of publication Copyright page- gives date of first publication and of any revisions Table of Contents- lists titles of chapters or sections of the book and their starting page numbers Appendix- provides additional information about subjects found in the book Glossary- in alphabetical order, defines difficult or technical words found in the book Bibliography- lists sources used to write the book; gives titles of works on related topics Index- lists topics mentioned in the book and page numbers on which they can be found
- 12. POETRY
- 13. Poetry (figurative language) Alliteration : The repetition of beginning consonant sounds. Ex. Might Men make money from movies. Imagery/Sensory Language : Language that appeals to the senses. Pictures are created in the readers’ minds by appealing to the sense of sight. Images can also appeal to hearing, touch, taste, and smell. Metaphor : A comparison between two unlike things in which one thing is said to be another thing. Ex. My mother’s smile is a ray of sunshine. Personification : A figure of speech in which a non-human thing or quality is talked about as if it were human. Ex. The trees fingers combed through my hair as the wind blew. Onomatopoeia : The use of words with sounds that echo their sense. Ex. Buzz, bang, clickety-clack, hiss
- 14. Figurative Language (cont.) Simile : A comparison between two unlike things using the words “like” or “as”. Ex. The moths streamed toward the light like leaves in the wind. Hyperbole: Intentional use of exaggeration not meant to be taken literally. Ex. The exciting news sent me to the moon. Internal rhyme vs. End rhyme : Internal rhyme is when the rhyme occurs in the middle of a sentence and rhymes with a word at the end of the same sentence or in the middle of another sentence. End rhyme occurs when the end of one sentence rhymes with another sentence.
- 15. FOLKLORE
- 16. Folklore Traditions, stories, and customes passed down orally by a culture. Examples: Myths, Fables, Legends, Folktales 1. Keeps the past alive. 2. Teaches moral lessons about human behavior. 3. Reveals values of the society.
- 17. Myths Attempt to answer basic questions about the world and are considered true by the tellers. Example: Narcissus, Zeus, etc.
- 18. Fables Short Tales that illustrate human morals. Usually have animals as characters. Example: The Ant and the Grasshopper, For Richer For Poorer
- 19. Legends Stories based on real person or events Can be embellished or exaggerated. Example: John Henry, Johnny Appleseed, Paul Bunyan, etc.
- 20. Folk Tales/Fairy Tales Stories with simple folk or animals that are funny. Usually include the elements of magic and have castles and royalty. Example: Cinderella, Beauty and the Beast, etc.