Dna first class
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DNA is made up of nucleotides linked together by covalent bonds to form a single or double strand. Each nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine or thymine), a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate group. The bases on one strand form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases on another strand to form the famous double helix structure. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography photos and the work of Watson and Crick revealed that DNA has a double helix structure with the bases paired inside and the sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside.
Dna first class
- 2. DNA structure 1. DNA nucleotide structure 2. The four bases in DNA 3. How DNA nucleotides are linked together by covalent bonds into a single strand
- 3. DNA is a kind of nucleic acid Sugar DNA Polynucleotide: made by a lot of nucleotides…. Nucleotide: organic molecule. Building block of nucleic acids
- 4. Aldopentose The simplest form of sugar Monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group at position 1. Monosaccharide R = Side chain
- 5. • Electrons on the alcohol oxygen are used to bond carbon #1 • The hydrogen (green) is transferred to the carbonyl oxygen (green) to make a new alcohol group (green)
- 6. Deoxyribose
- 7. RNA Cyclic nitrogen containing molecule with properties of a base. Organic compounds.
- 8. BASE + SUGAR = NUCLEOSIDE
- 9. Nitrogenous base Ribonucleoside Deoxyribonucleoside Adenine Adenosine A Deoxyadenosine dA Guanine Guanosine G Deoxyguanosine dG Thymine Thymidine dT Uracil Uridine U Cytosine Cytidine C Deoxycytidine dC
- 10. BASE + SUGAR + PHOSPHATE = NUCLEOTIDE •Ester bond: Carboxyl group combines with the hydroxyl from the phosphate group. Very strong covalent bond. •Glycosidic bond: Bond between a carbohydrate and another group. Also a covalent bond.
- 11. • Covalent bonds connect the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of the next. A covalent bond is a chemical link between two atoms in which electrons are shared between them.
- 13. Deoxyribonucleic acid. Contains Thymine Contains the genetic information Double stranded DNA
- 14. • 1950’s Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins X-ray crystallography • Watson & Crick (1953 described their model) Saw the photos of R.Franklin and created a model. Sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside and bases inside of the double helix. Nitrogen bases aligned formed hydrogen bonds. Complementary base pairs, due to size of bases and ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other.
- 17. RNA Usually single stranded Contains Uracile Contains ribose Viruses contain their genetic Info in RNA genome. More prone to hydrolisis than DNA Protein synthesis, catalyze reactions.
- 20. Chemical structure of nucleic acids • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2d1R7M 5y8Tk