BSD Brainstem BSD Brainstem BSD Brainste
- 1. Brainstem I
- 2. Brainstem Lectures Brainstem I External structure Cerebellum Cranial nerves Brainstem II Internal structure • Cranial nerve nuclei • Reticular formation • Location of selected tracts
- 4. Ventral Brainstem Cerebral peduncles Interpeduncular fossa Basilar pons Pyramids & decussation Olives Anterior median fissure Olivary sulci Bulbopontine sulcus Cerebellar angle
- 5. Dorsal Brainstem Colliculi & brachia Cerebellar peduncles Rhomboid fossa Tuberculum Gracilis Tuberculum Cuneatus Tuberculum Cinereum
- 6. “Open” vs. “Closed” Medulla
- 7. Dorsal Brainstem – Rhomboid Fossa Isthmus Velum Obex Posterior median sulcus Medial eminence Facial colliculus Sulcus limitans Stria Medullares Trigones Hypoglossal Vagal
- 8. Cerebellum Outgrowth of pons Connects to brainstem through cerebellar peduncles Functions Muscle tone regulation Coordinated movement Postural control Motor learning
- 9. Cerebellum Cerebellar cortex surrounding white matter Series of fissures and folia
- 11. Cranial Nerve Functional Classifications GSE – motor innervation of somatic musculature SVE – motor innervation of branchiomeric musculature GVE – motor innervation of viscera GVA – sensory input from viscera SVA – taste and smell sensory input GSA – general somatosensory input SSA – special senses of vision and hearing/balance
- 13. Cranial Nerves – Telencephalon & Diencephalon Olfactory – smell (SVA) Optic – vision (SSA) I, II
- 14. Cranial Nerves – Mesencephalon Oculomotor – extraocular eye muscles (GSE) PSNS to eye (GVE) Trochlear – extraocular muscle (sup. oblique) (GSE) III, IV
- 15. Cranial Nerves – Metencephalon Trigeminal – Muscles of mastication (SVE) General sensation of the head and face (GSA) Abducens – extraocular muscle (lat. rectus) (GSE) V, VI
- 16. Cranial Nerves – Metencephalon Facial – Facial expression muscles (SVE) Glands (submandibular, sublingual & lacrimal) (GVE) Taste (SVA) General sensation of ear (GSA) Vestibulocochlear – Hearing and balance (SSA) VII, VIII
- 17. Cranial Nerves – Mylencephalon Glossopharyngeal Stylopharyngeus muscle (SVE) PSNS to parotid gland (GVE) Taste (SVA) Carotid body sensation (GVA) General sensation from ear & tongue (GSA) IX
- 18. Cranial Nerves – Mylencephalon Vagus Muscles of larynx & pharynx (SVE) PSNS to thorax and upper abdomen (GVE) Sensory from viscera (GVA) General sensation from ear (GSA) Taste (SSA) X
- 19. Cranial Nerves – Mylencephalon Accessory – innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SVE or GSE) Hypoglossal – tongue muscles (GSE) XI, XII
- 20. Cranial Nerve Groups Parasympathetic III, VII, IX, X Motor III, IV, VI, XI, XII Sensory I, II, VIII Mixed V, VII, IX, X
- 22. Ascending Pathways Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscal Pathway Anterolateral System Spinocerebellar Tracts