VASCULAR SYSTEM.ppt
- 1. VASCULAR SYSTEM BLOOD SUPPLY FOR THE HEAD AND NECK PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 1
- 2. Key words • Vessel: Tube like, that carries the Blood from or to the heart. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 2
- 3. Key words • Artery:(ar-ter-ee) Type of blood vessel that carries B away from the heart • Arteriole:(ar-ter-ee-ole) Smaller artery that branches off an artery and connects with a capillary PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 3
- 4. Key words • Capillary: (kap-i-lar-ee) Smaller blood vessel that branches off an arteriole to supply B directly to tissue Anastomosis(ah-nas-tah-moe- sis): Communication of a B V with another by connecting channel PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 4
- 5. Key words • Plexus (plek-sis): • Network of B vessels, Usually veins. Venule (ven-yule) Smaller vein that drains the capillaries of the tissue area and then joins larger veins Vein (vane) Type of B vessel that travels to the heart carrying blood PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 5
- 6. Key words • Venous sinus:(vee-nus-sy- nus) Blood filled space between two layers of tissue. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 6
- 7. Key words • Hematoma(hee-mah-toe- mah) • Blood escapes from injured vessel, into the surrounding tissue and clots PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 7
- 8. Key words • Hemorrhage:(hem-ah-rij) • Large amount of B that escape into the surrounding tissue without clotting when a B vessel is seriously injured PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 8
- 9. Key words • Thrombus (throm-bus): • Clot that forms on the inner B V wall • Embolus (em-bol-us) • Foreign material or embolus traveling in the blood that can block the vessel PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 9
- 10. VASCULAR SYSTEM • IT CONSISTS OF: • 1- Arterial Blood supply. • 2-Capillary network. • 3-Venous drainage. • 4-Lymphatic vessels. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 10
- 11. VASCULAR SYSTEM • Blood vessels are less numerous than Lymphatic vessels. • The Venous portion mainly parallels the lymphatic vessels in location. • So starting with the Heart- Large Artery-Artery- Arteriole-Small Arteriole-Arterial capillary-Venus Capillary-small Venule-Venule-Vein-Large Vein- Heart. • All these networks are connected with each other by Anastomoses. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 11
- 12. VASCULAR SYSTEM • It is important to remember that unlike innervation supplied by the nerves to the Muscles, Which is one-to-one relationship, • Blood supply is REGIONAL . That means: • Arteries supply all structures in their vicinity, and Veins receive Blood from all close-by structures. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 12
- 13. ARTERIAL BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEAD AND NECK • THE MAJOR Arteries that supply the head and neck are: • 1- The Common carotid artery. • 2- Subclavian artery. • The ORIGINS from the heart to the head and neck of these two arteries are different • depending on the side of the body considered. • The other arteries of the head and neck are symmetrically located on each side of the body. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 13
- 14. Origins of Blood Supply To the Head and Neck • So it differ for the R&L side of the body. • For the left side The Common Carotid A and the Subclavian A arise directly AND separately from the AORTA(ay-or-tah). • For the right side these two arteries are both branches from the BRANCHIOCEPHALIC ARTERY. Which is a direct branch of the AORTA PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 14
- 15. Origins of Blood supply to the head and neck • The AORTA on the L side • Gives separately the common carotid A and • The Subclavian A • The 1st is medial to the 2nd . PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 15
- 16. Origins of Blood supply to the head and neck • The AORTA on the R side gives only the • Branchiocephalic A which in its turn gives the R Subclavian A. And the R Common Carotid A. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 16
- 20. Origins of Blood supply to the head and neck Commom carotid A • It is a Branchless • Travel up the neck • lateral to the Trachea and the Larynx, • To the upper border of the thyroid cartilage. • It travel with the internal jugular V & • X C N (Vagus) in a sheath beneath the SCM M. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 20
- 22. Origins of Blood supply to the head and neck Commom carotid A • It ends by dividing into. • Internal C A • External C A • Before that It exhibits a Swelling called the CAROTID SINUS • The Carotid pulse can be felt at the anterior border of the SCM at the level of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx( Most reliable pulse. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 22
- 23. Origins of Blood Supply to the Head and Neck- Subclavian A • It arises lateral to the Com C A • It gives off branches to supply both Intracranial and extracranial structures • Its major destination is the upper extremity PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 23
- 24. Origins of Blood Supply to The Head and Neck- Internal Ca A • After leaving the Com Ca A ,It travels upward slightly Lateral to the External CA A . • It Is hidden by the SCM M • It has no Branches in the neck • It continues in the CA sheath adjacent to the internal Jugular V to the base of the skull PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 24
- 25. Origins of Blood Supply to The Head and Neck- Internal Ca A • It enters the Cranium(carotid can) to supplies the intracranial structures • It is the Source of the OPHHTHALMIC (of-thal- mic) artery, which supplies the Eye, Orbit, and Lacrimal gland. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 25
- 27. Origins of Blood Supply to The Head and Neck- External Ca A • After Its arising from the Com.Ca A • It travels upward medial to the internal Ca A. • It supplies the extra cranial tissue of the head and neck including the oral cavity. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 27
- 28. Origins of Blood Supply to The Head and Neck- External Ca A • It has four sets of branches grouped according to their location to the main Artery • 1- Anterior • 2- medial. • 3- posterior • 4- Terminal Branches PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 28
- 29. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A • They are three Branches • 1- superior thyroid • 2- Lingual • 3- Facial PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 29
- 30. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Superior Thyroid A • This artery Branches supply the tissue inferior to the hyoid B including • The infrahyoid muscles • SCM M, • Muscles of the Larynx, and thyroid gland PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 30
- 31. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Superior Thyroid A • These Branches are • 1- Infrahyoid A. • 2-SCM branches • 3-Superior Laryngeal A • 4- Cricothyroid Branch PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 31
- 32. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Lingual Artery • It is an anterior B of the Ex Ca A. • It arises above the superior Thyroid A at the level of the hyoid bone. • It travel interiorly to the apex of the Tongue by the way of its inferior surface. • The tongue is also supplied by branches of the lingual A. • Sup Thy A PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 32
- 33. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Lingual Artery • The lingual A • supplies the tissue superior to the Hyoid bone, • And also suprahyoid M and floor of the mouth by • the dorsal lingual, • deep lingual, • sublingual, and • suprahyoid Branches • The sublingual A supplies the Mylohoid M Sub lingual gland Hyoid B PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 33
- 34. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Facial Artery • It is the final anterior B of the EX Ca A • It arises slightly superior to the Lingual A • It branches off anteriorly • These may share the common trunk. • It runs medial to the man over the sub Max G • Then around the man lower border then to the lateral side. Ling A PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 34
- 35. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Facial Artery con. • Then it runs anteriorly and superiorly near the angle of the mouth and a long the side of the nose. • It ends at the medial canthus of the eye. • In the head it paralleled by the F V. • They do not run together • They are separated by the post belly of Dai M ,styloh M and the subman gland. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 35
- 36. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Facial Artery con. • Its Major Branches include: • 1- the ascending palatine. • 2- submandibular . • 3- submental • 4- inferior labial . • 5-Superior labial • 6-Angular Facial A PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 36
- 37. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Facial Artery- Ascending palatine A • It is the 1st B of the F A. supplies the: • 1- soft palate. • 2-palatine muscles • 3- palatine tonsils PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 37
- 38. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Facial Artery – The submental A • Supply the • 1-submandibular Lymph nodes • 2-The submandibular gland. • 3-Mylohyoid M • 4- Digastric M PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 38
- 39. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Facial Artery – The Inferior labial A • Supplies : • 1- The lower lip tissue • 2- some muscles of facial Expression. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 39
- 40. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Facial Artery – The Superio labial A • Supplies the tissue of the upper lip PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 40
- 41. Anterior Branches of the Ext CA A Facial Artery – The Angular A • It is the termination of the Facial Artery. • Supplies the tissue along the side of the nose PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 41
- 42. Medial Branches of the EX Car A The only one Is the ascending Pharyngeal A • Arises close to the origin of the EX Car A • It has many small branches • (pharyngeal-Meningeal) • that they Anastomose with the ascending palatine A, soft palate and the meninges of the brain PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 42
- 43. Posterior Branches of Ex Ca A • They are two Branches • 1- The Occipital A • 2- The Posterior Auricular A PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 43
- 44. Posterior Branches of Ex Ca A 1-The Occipital A • Arises as the EX Ca A passes upward behind the ascending ramus of the mandible • Then travels to the posterior portion of the scalp. • It supplies Suprahyoid M • SCM , • The scalp and meningeal Tissue. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 44
- 45. Posterior Branches of Ex Ca A 2- Posterior Auricular A • It arises superior to the Occipital A and the stylohyoid M about the level of the tip of the Styloid process • It supplies the internal ear (Auricular branch) • and the mastoid cells (Stylomastoid A) Occipital A Stylo P PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 45
- 46. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A • They are two Branches 1- Superficial temporal A 2- Maxillary A The EX Ca A splits into these two B in the parotid gland PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 46
- 47. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 1- The superfacial Temporal A • It is the smaller Branch. • Arises in the gland • It can be seen under the skin of the T region • It gives several Bs. • The transverse facial A (parotid duct) • The middletemporal A (temporalis M) • And also the frontal and parietal Bs. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 47
- 48. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 2-The Maxillary A (internal Max A) • It is the Larger terminal B. • Begins at the neck of the Condyle within the Poratid G • It runs between the Man and the Sphenomandibular ligament. • And through the inf T fissure • It may run deep or superficial to the Lateral Pterygoid M PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 48
- 49. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 2-The Maxillary A (internal Max A) • Con. • Then enters the Ptergopalatine fossa • In the inf T F it gives the middle meningeal A • and Inferior alveolar A. and several Bs.to the Ms. F S PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 49
- 50. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 2-The Maxillary A (internal Max A) • The middle meningeal A goes to the brain through the foramen Spinosum • The Inferior Alveolar A. runs inferiorly to inter the Man canal through the Man F.(along with the inf Alveolar N) • Before entering the F it gives the Mylohyoid A Sphynoid S F Spinsum M h m PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 50
- 51. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 2-The Maxillary A (internal Max A) • The Mylohyoid A travels in the Mylohyoid groove to supply the floor of the mouth and the M h M. • The Inf A A supplies the post teeth. alveolar bone and their gingiva • In the canal the A branches into two B. T G A I PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 51
- 52. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 2-The Maxillary A (internal Max A) • 1- The Mental A that exit the canal by way of the mental F to supply the tissue of the chin and anastomoses with the inferior labial A • 2- the Incisive A. It remains in the bone to divide into dental and alveolar Bs and supplies the teeth,periodontium,bone and the gingiva. PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 52
- 53. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 2-The Maxillary A (internal Max A) • The Max A gives also Branches to the Muscles. • Deep Temporal A • Pterygoid A s. • Masseteric A • Buccal A • These arteries all accompany branches of the V CN to these muscles PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 53
- 54. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 2-The Maxillary A (internal Max A) • The Max A as it leaves the inf T fossa and enters the Pterygopalatine F. it gives off: • 1-The posterior Superior Alveolar A which goes with the N through the Foramens to the bone and the teeth. Some B supplies the Max Sinus PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 54
- 55. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 2-The Maxillary A (internal Max A) • 2- The Infraorbital A. that enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure and then the infra orbital canal to give B to the orbit and the anterior superior alveolar A to supply the teeth,bone and the gingiva • It anastomoses with the Pos A PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 55
- 56. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 2-The Maxillary A (internal Max A) • The infraorbital A. After giving these B it emerges onto the face from the inf o Foranen to supply the tissue of the Inf O region and to anastomose with the facial A PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 56
- 57. Terminal Branches of EX Ca A 2-The Maxillary A (internal Max A) • The Max A also gives in the Pterygopalatine fossa The Greater Palatine A • and The Lesser palatine A. to reach the palate through the greater and lesser canals and foramens. • The max A.then ends by becoming The spheno palatine A.to supply the (nose) NPA • with the N through the incisive Foramen . PRESENTED BY /DR.TYIMUR ALAZAZI 57