Lect.1 | د.سماح م١ ⚠️.pdf
- 1. Introduction to Biosafety and Biosecurity Second Stage// First Semester Prof. Dr. Samah Ahmed AL-Jebory Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department Lecture 1
- 2. General Definitions: Biological laboratory: A facility within which microorganisms, their components or their derivatives are collected handled and/or stored. Biological agent: A microorganism, virus, biological toxin, particle or otherwise infectious material, either naturally occurring or genetically modified, which may have the potential to cause infection, allergy, toxicity or otherwise create a hazard to humans, animals, or plants. Biorisk : The probability or chance that a particular adverse event ( accidental infection or unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release), possibly leading to harm, will occur.
- 3. . . Biorisk assessment: The process to identify acceptable and unacceptable risks (risks of accidental infection and laboratory biosecurity risks and their potential consequences. Biorisk management: The analysis of ways and development of strategies to minimize the likelihood of the occurrence of biorisks. Biosafety : Laboratory biosafety describes the containment principles, technologies and practices that are implemented to prevent the unintentional exposure to risk Biological safety cabinet (BSC): An enclosed, ventilated working space designed to provide protection to the operator, the laboratory environment and/or the work materials for different activities.
- 4. Biosecurity: Principles, technologies and practices that are implemented for the protection, control and accountability of biological materials and/or the equipment, skills and data related to their handling. Biosecurity aims to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion or release. Laboratory biosecurity: the protection, control and accountability for valuable biological materials within laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release. Hazard: A danger or source of danger; the potential to cause harm.
- 5. Harm : adverse effect on the health of people, animals or plants, on the environment or on property. Misuse: The misuse of valuable biological materials describes their inappropriate or illegitimate use, despite existing and subscribed agreements, treaties and conventions. Threat: The likelihood for an adverse event to occur, as an expression of intention to inflict evil, injury, disruption or damage. Accident: An inadvertent occurrence that results in actual harm such as infection illness, injury in humans or contamination of the environment .
- 6. Personal protective equipment (PPE): Equipment and/or clothing worn by personnel to provide a barrier against biological agents, thereby minimizing the likelihood of exposure. (: CWA ) Biorisk management system The organization shall establish, document, implement and maintain a biorisk management system in accordance with the requirements of this laboratory biorisk management agreement. It is based on a management system approach. This implies that identifying, understanding and managing a system of interrelated processes for a given objective, improves the organization’s effectiveness and efficiency.
- 7. Biorisk management policy The organization’s top management shall develop, authorize and sign a policy concerning the management of laboratory biorisk (laboratory biosafety and laboratory biosecurity). It shall clearly state the overall biorisk management objectives and a commitment to improving biorisk management performance. Planning for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control This can be through the following:
- 8. 1- Planning and resources 2- Risk assessment timing and scope 3 - Hazard identification 4-Risk assessment 5- Risk management Conformity and compliance The organization shall ensure that all relevant requirements are identified and fulfilled within the biorisk management system. and this is important for Objectives, targets and programs
- 9. Biorisk control objectives and targets The organization shall establish, implement and maintain documented biorisk control objectives and targets for an effective control of biorisk at relevant functions and levels in the organization to reduce or eliminate the hazards identified in the risk assessment process.
- 10. Component of safety in all Lab Good laboratory Biosafety practices reinforce and strengthen laboratory biosecurity systems. The following are rules that relate to almost every laboratory and should be included in most safety policies. They cover what you should know in the event of an emergency, proper signage, safety equipment, safely using laboratory equipment, and basic common-sense rules: 1- Be sure to read all fire alarm and safety signs and follow the instructions in the event of an accident or emergency.
- 11. 2- Ensure you are fully aware of your facility's/building's . evacuation procedures 3- Make sure you know where your lab's safety equipment—including first aid kit(s), fire extinguishers, eye wash stations, and safety . showers—is located and how to properly use it 4- Know emergency phone numbers to use to call for help in case of an . emergency 5- Open flames should never be used in the laboratory unless you have permission from a qualified supervisor
- 12. 6- Make sure you are aware of where your lab's exits and fire alarms are located 7- An area of 36" diameter must be kept clear at all times around all fire sprinkler heads of fire extinguishers 8- If there is a fire drill, be sure to turn off all electrical equipment and close all containers. 9- Always work in properly-ventilated areas. 10- Do not chew gum, drink, or eat while working in the lab 11- Laboratory glassware should never be utilized as food or beverage containers. 12- Each time you use glassware, be sure to check it for chips and cracks. Notify your lab supervisor of any damaged glassware so it can be properly disposed of.
- 13. 14- If an instrument or piece of equipment fails during use, or isn't operating properly, report the issue to a technician right away. Never try to repair an equipment problem on your own. 15- If you are the last person to leave the lab, make sure to lock all the doors and turn off all ignition sources 13- Never use lab equipment that you are not approved or trained by your supervisor to operate Important Notes : - Do not work alone in the lab. - Never leave an ongoing experiment unattended. - Never lift any glassware, solutions, or other types of apparatus above eye level.
- 14. - Never smell or taste chemicals. - Do not pipette by mouth. - Make sure you always follow the proper procedures for disposing lab waste. - Report all injuries, accidents, and broken equipment or glass right away, even if the incident seems small or unimportant. - If you have been injured, yell out immediately and as loud as you can to ensure you get help.
- 15. - In the event of a chemical splashing into your eye(s) or on your skin, immediately flush the affected area(s) with running water for at least 20 minutes. -If you notice any unsafe conditions in the lab, let your supervisor know as soon as possible.
- 16. Universal safety precautions Universal precautions refers to the practice, in medicine, of avoiding contact with patients' bodily fluids, by means of the wearing of nonporous articles such as medical gloves, goggles, and face shields. The infection control techniques were essentially good hygiene habits, such as hand washing and the use of gloves and other barriers, the correct handling of hypodermic needles, scalpels, and aseptic techniques.
- 17. The type of barrier protection used should be appropriate for the type of procedures being performed and the type of exposure anticipated. Examples of barrier protection include disposable lab coats, gloves, and eye and face protection. - Gloves are to be worn when there is potential for hand or skin contact with blood, other potentially infectious material, or items and surfaces contaminated with these materials. . - Wear face protection (face shield) during procedures that are likely to generate droplets of blood or body fluid to prevent exposure to mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes. -Wear protective body clothing (disposable laboratory coats when there is a potential for splashing of blood or body fluids
- 18. - -Wash hands or other skin surfaces thoroughly and immediately if contaminated with blood, body fluids containing visible blood, or other body fluids to which universal precautions apply. - -Wash hands immediately after gloves are removed.
- 19. - Avoid accidental injuries that can be caused by needles, scalpel blades, laboratory instruments, etc. when performing procedures, cleaning instruments, handling sharp instruments, and disposing of used needles, pipettes, etc. - Used needles, disposable syringes, scalpel blades, and other sharp items are to be places in puncture resistant containers marked with a biohazard symbol for disposal. - All specimens of blood and body fluids should be put in a well-constructed container with a secure lid to prevent leaking during transport.
- 20. - Mechanical pipetting devices must be used for manipulating all liquids in the laboratory. - Laboratory work surfaces must be decontaminated with an appropriate chemical germicide after a spill of blood or other body fluids and when work activities are completed. - Contaminated materials used in the laboratory should be decontaminated before reprocessing or be placed in bags or other containers and disposed of according to Health & Safety procedures
- 21. Thank you