Al‐Hadi, A., Chatterjee, B., Yanftian, A., Taylor, G., & Monzur, H. M. (2019). Corporate social responsibility performance, financial distress and firm life cycle: Evidence from Australia. Accounting and Finance, 59(2), 961–989. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12277.
- Bansal, P., & Clelland, I. (2004). Talking trash: Legitimacy, impression management, and unsystematic risk in the context of the natural environment. The Academy of Management Journal, 47(1), 93–103.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Barnea, A., & Rubin, A. (2010). Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0496-z.
Benlemlih, M., Shaukat, A., Qiu, Y., & Trojanowski, G. (2018). Environmental and social disclosures and firm risk. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(3), 613–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3285-5.
- Bhattacharyya, A., & Cummings, L. (2015). Meauring corporate enviornmental performance—Stakeholder engagement evaluation. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24, 309–325. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1819.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Bird, R., Hall, A. D., Momente, F., & Reggiani, F. (2007). What corporate social responsibility activities are valued by the market? Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 189–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9268-1.
Bouslah, K., Kryzanowski, L., & M'Zali, B. (2013). The impact of the dimensions of social performance on firm risk. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(4), 1258–1273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.12.004.
- Busch, T., & Hoffmann, V. H. (2011). How hot is your bottom line? Linking carbon and financial performance. Business & Society, 50(2), 233–265. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650311398780.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Cai, L., Cui, J., & Jo, H. (2016). Corporate environmental responsibility and firm risk. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(3), 563–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2630-4.
- Cheng, B., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and access to finance. Strategic Management Journal, 35, 1‐23. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2131.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Choi, J., & Wang, H. (2009). Stakeholder relations and the persistence of corporate financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 30, 895–907. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.759.
Clarkson, P. M., Li, Y., Richardson, G. D., & Vasvari, F. P. (2011). Does it really pay to be green? Determinants and consequences of proactive environmental strategies. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 30(2), 122–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2007.05.003.
Clemens, B., & Bakstran, L. (2010). A framework of theoretical lenses and strategic purposes to describe relationships among firm environmental strategy, financial performance, and environmental performance. Management Research Review, 33(4), 393–405.
- DECC (2015). UK progress towards GHG emissions reduction targets. In Department of Energy & Climate Change. Department of Energy & Climate Change. Retrieved from. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/414241/20150319_Progress_to_emissions_reductions_targets_final.pdf.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- DEFRA (2011). Environmental key performance indicators: Reporting guidelines for UK business. Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69281/pb11321-envkpi-guidelines-060121.pdf.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- DEFRA (2012). Small business user guide: Guidance on how to measure and report your greenhouse gas emissions. Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69494/pb13310-ghg-small-business-guide.pdf.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- DEFRA (2013). Environmental reporting guidelines: Including streamlined energy and carbon reporting requirements. Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/791529/Env-reporting-guidance_inc_SECR_31March.pdf.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- DEFRA (2018). The national adaption programme and the third stategy for climate adaptation reporting—Making the country resilient to a changing climate. Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/727252/national-adaptation-programme-2018.pdf.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Delmas, M. A., Etzion, D., & Nairn‐Birch, N. (2013). Triangulating environmental performance: What do corporate social responsibility ratings really capture? Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(3), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0123.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Dobler, M., Lajili, K., & Zéghal, D. (2014). Environmental performance, environemtnal risk and risk management. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1754.
El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O., Kwok, C. C. Y., & Mishra, D. R. (2011). Does corporate social responsibility affect the cost of capital? Journal of Banking and Finance, 35(9), 2388–2406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.02.007.
Elmagrhi, H. M., Ntim, G. C., Elamer, A. A., & Zhang, Q. (2019). A study of environmental policies and regulations, governance structures, and environmental performance: The role of female directors. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28, 206–220. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2250.
- Endrikat, J., Guenther, E., & Hoppe, H. (2014). Making sense of conflicting empirical findings: A meta‐analytic review of the relationship between corporate environmental and financial performance. European Management Journal, 32(5), 735–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.12.004.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Escrig‐Olmedo, E., Muñoz‐Torres, M. J., Fernández‐Izquierdo, M. Á., & Rivera‐Lirio, J. M. (2017). Measuring corporate environmental performance: A methodology for sustainable development. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(2), 142–162. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1904.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Fujii, H., Iwata, K., Kaneko, S., & Managi, S. (2013). Corporate environmental and economic performance of Japanese manufacturing firms: Empirical study for sustainable development. Business Strategy and the Environment, 22(3), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1747.
Gatimbu, K. K., Ogada, M. J., Budambula, N., & Kariuki, S. (2018). Environmental sustainability and financial performance of the small‐scale tea processors in Kenya. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(8), 1765–1771. https://doi, https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2243.
- Godfrey, P. C. (2005). The relationship between corporate philanthropy and shareholder wealth: A risk management perspective. The Academy of Management Review, 30(4), 777–798. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.18378878.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Godfrey, P. C., Merrill, C. B., & Hansen, J. M. (2009). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: An empirical test of the risk management hypothesis. Strategic Management Journal, 30(4), 425–445. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.750.
Goss, A., & Roberts, G. S. (2011). The impact of corporate social responsbility on the cost of bank loans. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35, 1794–1810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.12.002.
Hang, M., Geyer‐Klingeberg, J., & Rathgeber, A. W. (2019). It is merely a matter of time: A meta‐analysis of the causality between environmental performance and financial performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(2), 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2215.
Haque, F., & Ntim, C. G. (2018). Environmental policy, sustainable development, governance mechanisms and environmental performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(3), 415–435. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2007.
Harjoto, M., & Laksmana, I. (2018). The impact of corporate social responsibility on risk taking and firm value. Journal of Business Ethics, 151, 353–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3202-y.
- Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural‐resource‐based view of the firm. The Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986–1014. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9512280033.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Hart, S. L., & Ahuja, G. (1996). Does it pay to be green? An empirical examination of the relationship between emission reduction and firm performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 5, 30–37.
Hartmann, J., & Vachon, S. (2018). Linking environmental management to environmental performance: The interactive role of industry context. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27, 359–374. http://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2003.
Heinkel, R., Kraus, A., & Zechner, J. (2001). The effect of green investment on corporate behaviour. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 36, 431–449.
Hong, H., & Kacperczyk, M. (2009). The price of sin: The effects of social norms on markets. Journal of Financial Economics, 93, 15–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.09.001.
Horvathova, E. (2012). The impact of environmental performance on firm performance: Short‐term costs and long‐term benefits? Ecological Economics, 84, 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.10.001.
Ilinitch, A. Y., Soderstrom, N. S., & Thomas, T. E. (1998). Measuring corporate environmental performance. Journal of Accounting Public Policy, 17(4/5), 383–408.
Jensen, M. C. (2001). Value maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. Journal of Appliced Corporate Finance, 14(3), 8–21.
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305–360.
Jo, H., & Harjoto, M. A. (2011). Corporate governance and firm value: The impact of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(3), 351–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0869-y.
Jo, H., & Harjoto, M. A. (2012). The causal effect of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 106(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1052-1.
Jo, H., & Na, H. (2012). Does CSR reduce firm risk? Evidence from controversial industry sectors. Journal of Business Ethics, 110(4), 441–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1492-2.
- Jones, M. T. (1995). Instrumental stakeholder theory: A synthesis of ethics and economics. The Academy of Management Review, 20(2), 404–437.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Jung, E. J., Kim, J. S., & Rhee, S. K. (2001). The measurement of corporate environmental performance and its application to the analysis of efficiency in oil industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 9(6), 551‐563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(01)00011‐7.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Kim, Y., Li, H., & Li, S. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and stock price crash risk. Journal of Banking & Finance, 43, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.02.013.
Konar, S., & Cohen, M. A. (2001). Does the market value environmental performance. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83, 281–289.
Lee, D. D., & Faff, R. W. (2009). Corporate sustainability performance and idiosyncratic risk: A global perspective. The Financial Review, 44(2), 213–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.2009.00216.x.
- Mackey, A., Mackey, T. B., & Barney, F. B. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance: Investor preferences and corporate strategies. Academy of Management Review, 32, 817–835.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Merton, R. C. (1987). A simple model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete information. The Journal of Finance, XLII, 3, 483–510.
Misani, N., & Pogutz, S. (2015). Unraveling the effects of environmental outcomes and processes on financial performance: A non‐linear approach. Ecological Economics, 109, 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.11.010.
- Moussa, T., Allam, A., Elbanna, S. & Bani‐Mustafa, A. (2019). Can board environmental orientation improve U.S. firms' carbon performance? The mediating role of carbon strategy. Business Strategy and the Environment. [Forthcoming] https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2351.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Nawrocka, D., & Parker, T. (2009). Finding the connection: Environmental management systems and environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17, 6001–6607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.10.003.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ntim, C. G., & Soobaroyen, T. (2013). Black economic empowerment disclosures by South African listed corporations: The influence of ownership and board characteristics. Journal of Business Ethics, 116, 121–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1446-8.
Oikonomou, I., Brooks, C., & Pavelin, S. (2014). The financial effects of uniform and mixed corporate social performance. Journal of Management Studies, 51(6), 898–925. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12064.
- Rasche, A., Waddock, S., & McIntosh, M. (2013). The United Nations Global Compact: Retrospect and prospect. Business & Society, 52(1), 6–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650312459999.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ren, S., He, D., Zhang, T., & Chen, X. (2019). Symbolic reactions or substantive pro‐environmental behaviour? An empirical study of corporate environmental performance under the government's environmental subsidy scheme. Business Strategy and the Enironment, 28(6), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2308.
Ross, S. (1973). The economic theory of agency: The principal's problem. American Economic Review, 63(2), 134–139.
- Salama, A., Anderson, K., & Toms, J. S. (2011). Does community and environmental responsibility affect firm risk? Evidence from UK panel data 1994‐2006. Business Ethics: A European Review, 20(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2011.01617.x.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Sarkis, J., & Cordeiro, J. J. (2001). An empirical evaluation of environmental efficiencies and firm performance: Pollution prevention versus end‐of‐pipe practice. European Journal of Operational Research, 135, 102–113.
Shahab, Y., Ntim, C. G., & Ullah, F. (2019). The brighter side of being socially responsible: CSR ratings and financial distress among Chinese state and non‐state owned firms. Applied Economics Letters, 26(3), 180–186.
Shahab, Y., Ntim, C. G., Chengang, Y., Ullah, F., & Fosu, S. (2018). Environmental policy, environmental performance, and financial distress in China: Do top management team characteristics matter? Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(8), 1635–1652. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2229.
Sharfman, M. P., & Fenando, C. S. (2008). Environmental risk management and the cost of capital. Strategic Management Journal, 29, 569–592. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.678.
- Sharma, S., & Vredenburg, H. (1998). Proactive corporate environmental strategy and the development of competitively valuable organizational capabilities. Strategic Managment Journal, 19(8), 729–753.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Soleimani, A., Schneper, W. D., & Newburry, W. (2014). The impact of stakeholder power on corporate reputation: A cross‐country corporate governance perspective. Organization Science, 25(4), 991–1008. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2013.0889.
Stellner, C., Klein, C., & Zwergel, B. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and eurozone corporate bonds: The moderating role of country sustainability. Journal of Banking and Finance, 59, 538–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2015.04.032.
- Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20, 571–610.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Tantalo, C. & Priem, R. L. (2016), Value creation through stakeholder synergy. Strategic Management Journal, 37, 314‐329. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2337.
- Thomson‐Reuters (2015). Research Data. Retrieved from http://financial.thomsonreuters.com/ [16.04.2016].
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Trumpp, C., & Guenther, T. (2017). Too little or too much? Exploring U‐shaped relationships between corporate environmental performance and corporate financial performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26, 49–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1900.
Trumpp, C., Endrikat, J., Zopf, C., & Guenther, E. (2015). Definition, conceptualization, and measurement of corporate environmental performance: A critical examination of a multidimensional construct. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(2), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1931-8.
- Van Slyke, D. M. (2006). Agents or stewards: Using theory to understand the government‐nonprofit social service contracting relationship. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 17, 157–187. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mul012.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Walls, J. L., Phan, P. H., & Berrone, P. (2011). Measuring environmental strategy: Costruct, development, reliability, and validity. Business & Society, 51(1), 71–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650310394427.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Xie, S., & Hayase, K. (2007). Corporate environmental performance evaluation: A measurement model and a new concept. Business Strategy and the Environment, 16(2), 148–168. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.493.
Ziegler, A., Busch, T., & Hoffmann, V. H. (2011). Disclosed corporate responses to climate change and stock performance: An international empirical analysis. Energy Economics, 33(6), 1283–1294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2011.03.007.