"Mass Defect Mystery: How Spent Nuclear Fuel Reveals Ultra-Thin Matter"

Mass and Energy Are Distinct, Not Interchangeable: The fate of the mass defect remains one of the most unresolved questions in physics. In every nuclear process—stellar nucleosynthesis, supernova explosions, or reactor fission—a portion of mass disappears. Its destination has profound implications for our understanding of matter, energy, and the fabric of the universe. Spent nuclear fuel offers a unique laboratory for investigating this puzzle. Far from being inert waste, it preserves microscopic evidence of what occurs during fission. Detailed examinations reveal a consistent suite of features: lattice disordering, dense dislocation tangles, radial and branching micro-cracks, ruptured gas bubbles, grain boundary decohesion, surface blistering, metallic nanocluster formation, localized melt-like textures, isotopic anomalies, and even acoustic emissions recorded during reactor operation. Taken together, these features indicate that nuclear fuel undergoes repeated micro-explosive events at the atomic scale. When correlated with the missing mass, the evidence suggests that the defect does not simply transform into “energy” in the conventional sense. Instead, it expands volumetrically—an explosive change of state into an ultra-thin, previously unrecognized form of matter. If the mass defect consistently behaves in this way, the consequences extend to cosmology itself. Empty space cannot exist; the universe must be saturated with this hidden matter. This interpretation directly challenges Einstein’s mass–energy equivalence principle, suggesting instead that mass and energy are not equivalent but distinct. Recognizing this distinction may require a fundamental rewriting of modern physics. #newphysicsproject

Cold Fusion Standard Theory: Beyond the Conventional Standard Model of Physics https://lnkd.in/gk892eq2 This paper proposes a Cold Fusion Standard Theory based on Deep Dirac Level (DDL) electrons and femto-hydrogen molecules, formulated from experimental evidence of anomalous heat generation, nuclear transmutation, and radiation emission observed in cold fusion (CF) studies. The conventional Standard Model relies on hypothetical constructs such as quarks and the Higgs boson, whose physical reality has never been experimentally verified. These assumptions have led to contradictions and cannot account for empirical results in low-energy nuclear reactions. Reproducible nuclear transmutations and excess heat have been reported by Iwamura et al. (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries), Kitamura et al. (Kobe University), Mizuno (Hokkaido University), and by NASA Glenn, ENEA, and BARC. Typical reactions such as Cs→Pr, Sr→Mo, and Ba→Sm exhibit a consistent rule of ΔA = +4 and ΔZ = +4, which can be naturally explained as the fusion of femto-deuterium molecules (fD₂, consisting of four protons) followed by stabilization processes. These findings indicate that large-scale projects such as the International Linear Collider (ILC), designed only to extend the Standard Model, are scientifically unproductive. Instead, research resources should be redirected toward establishing the Cold Fusion Standard Theory and advancing its scientific and industrial applications.

The Sun’s core temperature reaches approximately 15,000,000°C (27,000,000°F), driven by nuclear fusion where hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, releasing immense energy. This process, occurring under extreme pressure and density, sustains the Sun’s heat and light output, powering life on Earth. The core’s temperature is far hotter than the Sun’s surface, which is about 5,500°C, due to gravitational compression and fusion reactions. In contrast, the highest temperature ever achieved on Earth, around 5,500,000,000,000°C (9,900,000,000,000°F), was produced in controlled experiments at facilities like CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. This extreme heat was generated by colliding heavy ions, such as lead nuclei, at near-light speeds, creating a quark-gluon plasma—a state of matter where quarks and gluons, typically bound within protons and neutrons, move freely. This temperature, vastly exceeding the Sun’s core, mimics conditions microseconds after the Big Bang, offering insights into fundamental physics. While the Sun’s core is incomprehensibly hot by everyday standards, human-engineered temperatures in particle accelerators surpass it by orders of magnitude. However, these earthly temperatures are fleeting, lasting fractions of a second in tiny volumes, unlike the Sun’s sustained, massive core heat, which has burned for billions of years. Such experiments push the boundaries of science, probing the universe’s origins.

The Sun’s core temperature reaches approximately 15,000,000°C (27,000,000°F), driven by nuclear fusion where hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, releasing immense energy. This process, occurring under extreme pressure and density, sustains the Sun’s heat and light output, powering life on Earth. The core’s temperature is far hotter than the Sun’s surface, which is about 5,500°C, due to gravitational compression and fusion reactions. In contrast, the highest temperature ever achieved on Earth, around 5,500,000,000,000°C (9,900,000,000,000°F), was produced in controlled experiments at facilities like CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. This extreme heat was generated by colliding heavy ions, such as lead nuclei, at near-light speeds, creating a quark-gluon plasma—a state of matter where quarks and gluons, typically bound within protons and neutrons, move freely. This temperature, vastly exceeding the Sun’s core, mimics conditions microseconds after the Big Bang, offering insights into fundamental physics. While the Sun’s core is incomprehensibly hot by everyday standards, human-engineered temperatures in particle accelerators surpass it by orders of magnitude. However, these earthly temperatures are fleeting, lasting fractions of a second in tiny volumes, unlike the Sun’s sustained, massive core heat, which has burned for billions of years. Such experiments push the boundaries of science, probing the universe’s origins.

The Sun’s core temperature reaches approximately 15,000,000°C (27,000,000°F), driven by nuclear fusion where hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, releasing immense energy. This process, occurring under extreme pressure and density, sustains the Sun’s heat and light output, powering life on Earth. The core’s temperature is far hotter than the Sun’s surface, which is about 5,500°C, due to gravitational compression and fusion reactions. In contrast, the highest temperature ever achieved on Earth, around 5,500,000,000,000°C (9,900,000,000,000°F), was produced in controlled experiments at facilities like CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. This extreme heat was generated by colliding heavy ions, such as lead nuclei, at near-light speeds, creating a quark-gluon plasma—a state of matter where quarks and gluons, typically bound within protons and neutrons, move freely. This temperature, vastly exceeding the Sun’s core, mimics conditions microseconds after the Big Bang, offering insights into fundamental physics. While the Sun’s core is incomprehensibly hot by everyday standards, human-engineered temperatures in particle accelerators surpass it by orders of magnitude. However, these earthly temperatures are fleeting, lasting fractions of a second in tiny volumes, unlike the Sun’s sustained, massive core heat, which has burned for billions of years. Such experiments push the boundaries of science, probing the universe’s origins.

the highest temperature ever achieved on Earth, around 5,500,000,000,000°C (9,900,000,000,000°F), was produced in controlled experiments at facilities like CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. This extreme heat was generated by colliding heavy ions, such as lead nuclei, at near-light speeds, creating a quark-gluon plasma—a state of matter where quarks and gluons, typically bound within protons and neutrons, move freely. This temperature, vastly exceeding the Sun’s core, mimics conditions microseconds after the Big Bang, offering insights into fundamental physics.

Researchers have completed a major milestone in the construction of the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array (GRETA), a cutting-edge detector designed to probe the mysteries of atomic nuclei. Built through a collaboration led by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, with support from Argonne National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Michigan State University, GRETA represents the next leap forward in nuclear physics. For decades, understanding how atomic nuclei behave has fuelled technological advances ranging from MRI scans that detect disease to nuclear power that lights millions of homes. Yet, scientists acknowledge that our picture of the nucleus – the dense heart of the atom – remains incomplete. GRETA is set to change that by providing an unprecedented view into the forces that hold matter together. Read the whole article here, at the Innovation News Network website: https://lnkd.in/eeeA8uCE #science #physics #news #nuclearphysics

In a milestone that blends physics, engineering, and innovation, researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed a mobile muon detector. This cutting-edge system is designed to probe dense materials, improve nuclear fuel monitoring, and tackle one of the toughest challenges in quantum computing. Muons, subatomic particles similar to electrons but heavier, pass through matter at nearly the speed of light. Their ability to penetrate dense materials makes them invaluable for imaging applications. However, their fleeting lifespan – just a few microseconds compared to neutrons’ ten minutes – has historically limited their practical use. ORNL’s new muon detector overcomes these challenges, creating new opportunities for science and technology. Rad the whole story here, at the Innovation News Network website: https://lnkd.in/eixaHpyS #science #news #innovation #particlephysics

Our recent article in Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Oxford University Press) has been published online. . . . . . . . "Binding energy of 3ΛH and 4ΛH via image analyses of nuclear emulsions using deep-learning" We presented an experimental study on the binding energies of (hypertriton) and ⁠H_4 Lambda, performed through the analysis of photographic nuclear emulsions using state-of-the-art technologies. By incorporating deep-learning techniques, we uncovered systematic uncertainties in conventional nuclear emulsion analysis and established a refined calibration protocol for accurately determining binding energies. https://lnkd.in/dBAuNsJq

I am pleased to share our group's recent research publication "Compound and non-compound nuclear fusion using forward recoil range distributions of evaporation residues produced in 18O+154Sm system" in Nuclear Physics A, a journal of Elsevier publishing (Impact Factor: 2.5). This work was carried out by using the experimental facilities of Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi. DOI Link: https://lnkd.in/gfsjfMSN #NuclearPhysicsA #ExperimentalNuclearPhysics #NuclearReactions #Fusion #CompoundNucleus