THESIS FOR PRINT

Title of the Thesis: Good Governance and Parliamentary Democracy in
Bangladesh: An Empirical Study
[Submitted to the Department of Politics and Public Administration,
Islamic University, Kushtia for the fulfillment of the Degree of Master
of Development Studies (MDS)]
Submitted To:
Professor Dr. Md. Makhluqur Rahman
Department of Politics and Public Administration
Islamic University, Kushtia
Submitted By:
MD. Ashadulla Sadat
Master of Development Studies (MDS)
Registration No.
Roll No. 06014003

DEDICATED TO
My Parents
Late: Sher Ali
Mrs: Majeda Khatun
My elder brother Md.Giash uddin

CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that MD. Ashadulla Sadat is a student of Master of
Development Studies (MDS) bearing roll No.06014003 session(Jan-
Dec),2014 successfully completed his Thesis. His Thesis Title was: Good
Governance and Parliamentary Democracy in Bangladesh: An Empirical
Study under my supervision for the fulfillment of the Degree of Master of
Development Studies (MDS).He has done his job according my supervision
and guidance. He has tried his best to do these duties successfully.
I wish him success and prosperity.
Professor Dr. Md. Makhluqur Rahman

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this thesis represents my own work which has been
done after registration for the degree of Master of Development Studies
(MDS )of Department of Politics and Public Administration of Islamic
University, Kushtia, and has not been previously included in any other thesis
submitted to this or any other institution for a degree ,diploma or other
qualifications.
Signature: MD. Ashadulla Sadat

Thesis Acknowledgement
At first, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor
Professor Dr. Md. Makhluqur Rahman, Department of Politics and Public
Administration, Islamic University, Kushtia for his the continuous support,
patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge helped me
successfully carried out this assignment.
I am also grateful and indebted to my respected teachers for their excellent
delivery that I have been presented with in the classes of Masters of
Development Studies (MDS) in Department of Politics and Public
Administration, Islamic University, Kushtia. My heartfelt gratitude goes to
Professor Md. Makhluqur Rahman, Ph.D, IBSA. A.K.M Motinur Rahman,
M.A, (sydney), Ph.D .Mohammad Selim, MSS, DU. M.Phil. Norway
Mohammed Asaduzzaman, Ph.D, (Finland). Mohammad Zulfiquar Hossain,
Ph.D, MSS, DU, Associate Professor Md. Gias Uddin, MSS, CU. Munshi
Murtoza Ali, MSS, Mphil, IU. Assistant Professor Md. Lutfor
Rahman,,MSS, IU. Md. Fakrul Islam, MSS. DU
I am also grateful to my senior colleague TARIQ, AHMMAD ZAMAN
urban planer (RC) of UGIIP-2 project who gave me suggestion and
encourages admitting Masters of Development Studies (MDS) in Islamic
University, Kushtia.
I would like to thanks my friends Md. Masudujjaman, Md. Kamal
Ahmed Siddique and Md. Mizanur Rahman and other well-wishers.
I would like to offer my heartfelt thanks Md. Nasim who has
undertaken the correction task of this thesis and sacrificed his valuable
time.
Finally, I would like to give thanks to my beloved wife, MRS. Jebuka
Sultana for her sacrificing life’s comfort and taking care of our only
one daughter Muntahina Sadat, who has successfully completed class
three from Kanchan Nagar Model High School and college, Jheniadah.

Good governance and parliamentary democracy in Bangladesh: An
empirical study
Abstract: Bangladesh begins its journey with parliamentary government
system, and especially from 1991 it continues practicing the parliamentary
system effectively in spite of having some varieties for two decades. But
after 10th
parliamentary general election), which was held in 5th
January,
2014; the parliamentary system of Bangladesh has been questionable. Now a
days, good governance and parliamentary democracy system of Bangladesh
is a highly discussed issue in national, regional and international arena. The
purpose of this study is to draw parliamentary democracy system in
Bangladesh, and to understand parliamentary democracy system through
practical field experience as well as to know how to solve this problem in
the context of field experience. This field study was conducted at Jheniadah
Sadar upzilla in Jheniadah district, and the period was from) 10th
June to 6th
July, 2014. More than 35 people are (have) participated in this study. 35
people are divided into seven groups; vis. Farmer, Female, Teacher,
Politician, Elite, Business man and Civil Society member and each group
has 5 members. The interview was selected by random sampling. Most of
the participants’ opinions about good governance is that the people should
follow and obey good governance, at the same time the government should
ensure or establish equity for all in all sectors. In parliamentary democracy
system people want to arrange a general election with inclusive participation
further they want the four pillars of government vis. Legislate,
Administration, Executive and Judiciary to remain impartial and
independent. More than 93 percent of the participants voice their opinioned
that, the Caretaker Government is required for General Election of

Bangladesh. In the present context of Bangladesh, arranging general election
is very difficult except a Caretaker government. The role of parliamentary
democracy for establishing good governance are- to give high priority in
selecting chairperson of parliamentary standing committee from opposition
party MPS and to give available time for discussion according to
parliamentary customs and also to avoid boycott culture from parliament.
Most of them think that, in 1991, election was held fair and free because the
than caretaker government was impartial and it had the ability to organize
strong election commission. To answer the question: “Which Government is
the better, parliamentary democracy or presidential democracy?” most of
them said that the parliamentary one is the better of the two, because there
lies a possible reflection of the peoples’ hope and aspiration on the
parliamentary system, and any national issues or problems can be solved
with the discussion of all MPS within the parliament. Nepotism, Corruption
and politicizing in all sectors and voracity for power of political parties, as
well as the lack of rules are some of the main challenges of parliamentary
democracy. If we want to win this challenge, we need to make strong
relationship among all political parties and to arrange a meaningful dialogue
among all political parties. It is a must for a state to make the parliament
effective and functional and a center of all debates. On the other hand, the
Government and Opposition party need to work together for the wellbeing of
the nation. Constructive criticism on Government activities from the Civil
Society and Mass media can play vital role to make the parliament
democratic and effective place for deciding stately functions. Any national
problem or crisis should be solved by meaningful dialogue among political
parties through home grown culture, and also any foreign intervention
should be avoided.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Abstract 1-2
1.0 Introduction--------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.0 Research Methodology--------------------------------------------- 3
3.0 Research Objective------------------------------------------------- 3
4.0 Theatrical Framework-------------------------------------------- 4-9
5.0 Data Analysis------------------------------------------------------ 9-24
6.0 Observations------------------------------------------------------ 24-26
7.0 Recommendations-------------------------------------------------- 26
8.0 Conclusions----------------------------------------------------------- -27
9.0 Reference--------------------------------------------------------------- 27
Annexure –1: Format of formal interview--------------------------- 28
Annexure –2: Participant list -----------------------------------------29-30

empirical study
1.0 Introduction: In 1971, Bangladesh emerges as an independent
country after 9 months liberation war against the occupying of Pakistani
army. Now a day’s good governance is highly discussed issue in
Bangladesh. Accountability, transparency and participation are three key
principles of good governance. Bangladesh begins its journey with
parliamentary system, and especially from 1991 it continues the
parliamentary system effectively in spite of having some varieties for almost
2 decades. Effective parliament is crucial to ensure good governance.
Parliament is vital to oversee all matters related to good governance.
Parliamentary oversight plays the watch dog function of the legislature.
2.0 Research Methodology: This field study was conducted at
Jheniadah Sadar upzilla under Jheniadah district and the period was selected
from 10th
June to 6th
July, 2014. More than 35 people are participated in this
study. 35 people are divided into seven groups, vis. Farmer, Female,
Teacher, Politician, Elite, Business man as well as civil society member and
each group have 5 members. I personally went to them and asked them
through formal interview moreover the interview was selected adopting
random sampling.
3.0 Research Objective:
• To highlight the scenery of parliamentary democracy system in
Bangladesh.
• To understand parliamentary democracy through practical field
experience.

• To solve and recommend about this problem.
4.0 Theatrical Framework:
1. Good governance and its Characteristics
4.1.0 Defining Good governance:
In recent years, there have been numerous attempts to define the term, but
these efforts have not resulted in any universal consensus as to the precise
meaning of governance. In general sense, governance means exercising
political power to manage a nation’s affair. Today governance is seen as a
reflection of the role of the state in giving direction to the development, in a
country and political regime.
According to UNDP,
“Governance is viewed as the exercise of economic, political and
administrative authority to manage country affairs at all levels. It comprises
mechanisms, processes and institutions, through which citizens and groups
articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations
and mediate their differences”.
According to OECD:
“The concept of governance denotes the use of political authority and
exercise of control in a society in relation to the management of its resources
for social and economic development”.
According to the ‘Commission on Global Governance’:
“Governance is the sum of the many ways individuals and institutions,
public and private, manage their common affairs. It is a continuing process
through which conflicting or diverse interests may be accommodated and
cooperative action may be taken”.
According to World Bank:
Governance is defined as “the manner in which power is exercised in the
management of a country’s economic and social resources for
development,” The World Bank has identified three distinct aspect of
governance:
1. The form of political regime.
2. The process by which authority is exercised in the management of a
country’s economic and social resources for development.
3. The capacity of governments to design, formulate and implement policies and
discharge functions. ”.

(Source: http://www.goodgovernance.org.au/about-good-governance/why-is-good-governance-
important)
4.1.2 Characteristics of Good governance:
Good governance has 8 major characteristics. It is participatory, consensus
oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient,
equitable and inclusive, and follows the rule of law. Good governance
is responsive to the present and future needs of the organization,
exercises prudence in policy-setting and decision-making, and that the
best interests of all stakeholders are taken into account.
1. Rule of Law
Good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced by
an impartial regulatory body, for the full protection of stakeholders.
2. Transparency
Transparency means that information should be provided in easily
understandable forms and media; that it should be freely available and
directly accessible to those who will be affected by governance policies
and practices, as well as the outcomes resulting there from; and that
any decisions taken and their enforcement are in compliance with
established rules and regulations.
3. Responsiveness
Good governance requires that organizations and their processes are
designed to serve the best interests of stakeholders within a reasonable
timeframe.
4. Consensus Oriented
Good governance requires consultation to understand the different
interests of stakeholders in order to reach a broad consensus of what is
in the best interest of the entire stakeholder group and how this can be
achieved in a sustainable and prudent manner.
5. Equity and Inclusiveness
The organization that provides the opportunity for its stakeholders to
maintain, enhance, or generally improve their well-being provides the
most compelling message regarding its reason for existence and value
to society.

6. Effectiveness and Efficiency
Good governance means that the processes implemented by the
organization to produce favorable results meet the needs of its
stakeholders, while making the best use of resources – human,
technological, financial, natural and environmental – at its disposal.
7. Accountability
Accountability is a key tenet of good governance. Who is accountable
for what should be documented in policy statements. In general, an
organization is accountable to those who will be affected by its
decisions or actions as well as the applicable rules of law.
8. Participation
Participation by both men and women, either directly or through
legitimate representatives, is a key cornerstone of good governance.
Participation needs to be informed and organized, including freedom of
expression and assiduous concern for the best interests of the
organization and society in general.
(Source: http://www.governancepro.com/news/article_12.html 24.06.2014 1.00pm)
4.2.1 Meaning & Concept of Democracy:
The term democracy is derived from the Greek words, demos and Kratos,
the former meaning the people and the latter power. Democracy thus means
power of the people. It is now regarded as a form of government in which
the people rule themselves either directly or indirectly through their
representatives. Definition of democracy, as a form of government, are
various, But like many other definitions in political science, they differ in
their content and application (Kapur, 1993). Democracy, according to the
Greeks, is the Government in which people rule over themselves. Aristotle
considered it as a perverted form of government. Herodotus says, the
democracy denotes that form of government in which in the ruling power of
the state is largely vested in the members of the community as a whole. In
the words of President Abraham Lincoln, it is a government of the people,
by the people and for the people (Agarwal, 1991). According to Bryce,
“Democracy is that form of government in which the ruling power of a state
is legally vested, not in any particular class or classes but in the members of
the community as a whole”. Prof. Seeley says, “Democracy is a government
in which every body has a share.”

. In brief, we can say that democracy is that form of government in which
the sovereign power of the state is in the hands of the people and people are
the source of the state power and the people take part in the government
directly or through their representatives. Lastly, we can say that democracy
is the government of the majority and the majority safeguards the interests of
the people. In this form of government, the interests of minorities are not
ignored.
4.2.2 Forms of Democracy:
There are two types of democracy: (1) Pure or Direct, and (2) Indirect
or Representative.
Direct Democracy: When the people themselves directly express
their will on public affairs, the type of government is called pure or direct
democracy
Representative or Indirect Democracy: In a Representative or Indirect
Democracy the will of the state is formulated and expressed not directly by
the people themselves, but by their representatives to whom they delegate
the power deliberation and decision-making
4.2.3. Basic Principles or Requisites of Democracy
1. Liberty: The main basis of democracy is liberty and equality. The
people enjoy maximum liberty and equality because criticism of the people
is not only tolerated in this system, but it is also encouraged.
2. Equality: Special emphasis is laid on equality in democracy and
there is no disparity among the people on the basis of caste, religion and
position of status. Besides this, all are equal before law and there is no
privileged class in the country. It is essential to establish political and
economic equality along with social equality
3. Fraternity: Democracy can become successful only in a peaceful
atmosphere; otherwise democracy has to face many difficulties
4. The people as ultimate source of sovereignty: In a democracy, people
are the ultimate source of sovereignty, and the government derives its power
from them. For this purpose elections take place in democracies at certain
intervals.
5. Fundamental rights to the people: In a democracy people are given
fundamental rights because in the absence of these rights the development of
an individual is not possible. Fundamental rights have been granted to the
people in their Constitutions in India, Japan, U.S.A. etc.

6. Independence of Judiciary: In a democracy, it is responsibility of the
judiciary to protect the fundamental rights of the people. In our country the
Supreme Court and the High Courts protect the Constitution and the
fundamental rights of the people. Wherever judiciary is not free, the
protection of fundamental rights is not possible.
7. The people are considered as an end and State as the means in a
democracy: This is one of the main characteristics of democracy that
individual is a mean and the state is an end. It means that the state makes use
of the individual for its own interest. In a dictatorship no attention is paid to
the freedom of the individual.
8. Welfare State: Democracy is a welfare state and in it special attention is
paid to the welfare of the people as a whole and not to a particular class
4.2.4. A framework for a democratic parliament
Here I am describing the key characteristics of a democratic
parliament. It is the one which is:
Representative: that is, socially and politically representative of the
diversity of the people, and ensuring equal opportunities and protections for
all its members;
Transparent: that is, being open to the nation through different
media, and transparent in the conduct of its business;
Accessible: this means involving the public, including the
associations and movements of civil society, in the work of parliament;
Accountable: this involves members of parliament being accountable
to the electorate for their performance in office and integrity of conduct;
Effective: this means the effective organization of business in
accordance with these democratic values, and the performance of
parliament’s legislative and oversight functions in a manner that serves the
needs of the whole population

4.2.5 A parliamentary system
A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a
state in which the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from,
and is held accountable to, the legislature (parliament); the executive and
legislative branches are thus interconnected. In a parliamentary system, the
head of state is normally a different person from the head of government.
This is in contrast to a presidential system in a democracy, where the head of
state often is also the head of government, and most importantly: the
executive branch does not derive its democratic legitimacy from the
legislature. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system)
5.0 Data Analysis: Summarizing Data
5.1.1. Farmer groups (Concept about good governance)
Kimat Ali (66) years old, He does not know about good governance. Others
opinions are
• To do work or Business smoothly
• To make fertilizer chip and available
• To ensure supply available essential foods for all people
• To conduct country with sound
• To maintain peace in country
They viewed that Zia regime was good.
5.1.2. Female groups (Concept about good governance)
Sumy Rani karmoker (30) years, she said that, ‘Governance system is
conducted by authority (who elected by voting), and to ensure fundamental
right for all people. Others opinion are
• Good Government is elected by the people
• Good Government is followed by rules and regulation
• It should be Impartial Government system

5.1.3 Business groups (Concept about good governance)
Maruf Ahmed (30) years, He said that people will be benefited by the
government. Others opinion that good governance should
• To ensure or establish rule of law
• To obey rule of law
• To make the country runs well
5.1.4. Teacher groups (Concept about good governance)
Din mohammed shishir (30) years, He emphasized on, the four pillars of
government vis Legislate , Administration , Executive and Judiciary. Others
opinions are
• To take any decision for the people with proper way
• To ensure or establish in equity for all sectors
5.1.5. Politician groups (Concept about good governance)
• The fundamental rights to reach to the people through public
representative
5.1.6. Civil society groups (Concept about good governance)
• Practicing rule of law
• Maintaining Impartial justice
• Removing all discrimination from society
5.1.7. Elite groups (Concept about good governance)
According to Amir Hossain Malitha (75),
• State will be conducted by rules and regulation
5.2.1. Farmer groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)

Kimat Ali (66) years old, his opinion that, MPs making indecorous comment
and using vulgar language in the parliament should be stopped and all MPS
should obey the rules and regulation . Others have no concept.
5.2.2. Female groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)
According to Zebuka sultana (32), caretaker government may work better
for parliamentary democracy. Others opinions are
• Government should follow rules and regulation
• In parliament all MPs should follow parliamentary customs
5.2.3 Business groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)
According to Maruf Ahmed (30) years, the leader should be elected by
people’s directly voting. Others opinions are
• To arrange a impartial election
• To control political violence
5.2.4. Teacher groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)
According to Din mohammed shishir (30), it is to arrange general election
with inclusive participation as well as to make four pillars of government
vis. Legislate, Administration , Executive and Judiciary impartial and
independent.
Others opinions are
• To govern with absolute public representative
• To establish fundamental rights
• To elect public representative by voting
• To ensure equal opportunity for all MPS
• To respect all MPS each other

5.2.5. Politician groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)
• To ensure fundamental right and freedom for all political
parties
• To ensure political atmosphere for all political parties
• To stop political repression to opposition parties
5.2.6. Civil society groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)
• To ensure Institutionalization of democracy
• To believe people is the source of power
• To ensure accountability to the people
5.2.7. Elite groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)
• To exercised real democracy for people betterment
• To respect opposition opinion in parliament
• Tolerate of other opinion
5.3.1. Farmer groups (characteristic of parliamentary democracy)
According to Amin ulla (65),
• To want to live with sound environment
• What I see in the name of democracy is not desirable
5.3.2. Female groups (characteristic of parliamentary democracy)
Sumy Rani karmoker (30) years, said that it is meant
• To be honest public representative
• To promote freedom of fundamental right
• To promote freedom of press
• To promote law equally to all
• To take policy according to people needs

• To establish rule of law
5.3.3. Business groups (characteristic of parliamentary democracy
According to Maruf Ahmed (30),
• PMs are elected by voting of people
• Reflect public attitude
• Ensure accountability of government to the people
• Avoid vulgar language in parliament
5.3.4. Teacher groups characteristic of parliamentary democracy
According to Din mohammed shishir (30) years, parliamentary system
should be of two tires. Other opinions are
• Ensure accountability of government to the people
• Establish rule of law
• PMS are elected by voting of people
• Election system should be sound
5.3.5 Politician group (characteristic of parliamentary democracy)
Parliament is made by impartial election and, there should be inclusive
participation all political parties.
5.3.6. Civil society groups (characteristic of parliamentary democracy)
According to Md. Shahid (65), parliament member must be educated,
capable of and skilled about parliament.

5.3.7 Elite groups’ characteristic of parliamentary democracy
According to Md. Amir Hossain (75) parliament member is
nominated for election by all political parties is to be eligible , capable and
educated also free from corrupt and knowledge about parliament.
5.4.1. Farmer groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)
• To ensure public security
• To ensure sound environment for doing business or work.
• To avoid personal jealousy
• To stop turmoil
5.4.2. Female groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)
Sumy Rani karmoker (30) years, He said that
• To ensure Freedom of press
• To ensure Law is equal to all
• To employment for government service is to be recruited on
merit basis.
• To establish rule of law
5.4.3. Business groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)
• To ensure Freedom of press

• To ensure Law is equal to all
5.4.4. Teacher groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)
• To strong parliamentary standing committee
• To give priority opposition MPS for select chairperson of
parliamentary standing committee
• To give height priority to discuss for opposition MPS
according to parliamentary customs
• To ensure good governance practice
• To play vital play role to o ensure good governance practice.
5.4.5 Politician groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)
• Give priority opposition MPS for select chairperson of
• Play vital play role to o ensure good governance practice.
• Play role to solve different national issues or crisis
• Avoid impolite attitude
5.4.6. Civil society groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)
• tolerant others opinion
• ensure attendance in Parliament of all MPS
• cut odd language in Parliament
• avoid boycott culture
• Tolerate of other opinion

5.4.7 Elite groups (Role of parliamentary democracy
• To tolerant others opinion
• To ensure attendance in Parliament of all MPS
• To avoid sludge language in Parliament
5.5.1. Farmer groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary
democracy or presidential) According to Mint (30), parliamentary
democracy is
• To take decision with the discussion of all MPS
5.5.2. Female groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary
democracy or presidential)
According to Sumy Rany sarker (30), parliamentary democracy is the best
because government is elected by people voting, fundamental rights of
people is ensured with the discussion of all MPS and to ensured
accountability of government’s activity to the government.
55.3. Business groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary
According to Maruf Ahmed (30) parliamentary democracy is best because
government does not emerge as a supreme power, and to take decision for
people to meet fulfillment of demand by the parliament according to
people’s need.
5.5.4. Teacher groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary

According to Md. Oliur rahman (30) parliamentary democracy is the best
because parliamentary democracy can play vital role to solve any problem of
people with the discussion of all MPS.
5.5.5 Politician groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary
According to Farhana Reja (42) parliamentary democracy is the best because
MPS gets opportunity in the parliament to raise any problem of people
interest.
5.5.6. Civil society groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary
According to Monoar Hossain (73) parliamentary democracy is the best
because, As MPS are directly elected by the people. So they have to some
comment to the people.
5.5.7 Elite groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary
According to M Anisur Rahman (65) parliamentary democracy is the best
because, to be possible to reflect of the people desire and the parliamentary
democracy can play vital role to solve any national issue or problem with
the discussion of all MPS.
5.6.1. Farmer groups (Which election was held fair and free from
1991to 2014)
According to Aminulla , the election of 1991 was transparent because
caretaker government was impartial. Others opinion are
• 2001 because all people can gives his/her vote

• 1991,1996 because all people can gives his/her vote without
fair
• 1991,1996 because all people can gives his/her vote without
fair
5.6.2. Female groups (Which election was held fair and free from 1991to
2014)
According to Anjuara begam, caretaker government was impartial in 1991.
Others opinion are
• In 2008 all people can gives his/her vote
• In 1991,1996 all people can gives his/her vote without fair
5.6.3. Business groups (Which election was held fair and free from
1991to 2014)
According to Dabirul Islam (45), He said 1991 because caretaker
government was impartial and all political parties took participation. Others
opinions are
• 2001 because all people can gives his/her vote
• In 1991, all people can gives his/her vote without fair
5.6.4. Teacher groups (Which election was held fair and free from
1991to 2014)
According to Din mohammed shishir (30), He said 1991 because caretaker
government was impartial and capable to create political atmosphere. Others
opinions are
• In 1991 all people can give his/her vote their choice

• In,1996 all people can give his/her vote without fair
• In 2001 all people can give his/her vote without fair and
administration was neutral.
5.6.5 Politician groups (Which election was held fair and free from
1991to 2014)
According to Jahidul Islam (49), 1991election was best because caretaker
government was selected by all political parties with consensus. Others
opinions are
• In 1991 all people could give his/her vote their choice
• In1996 all people could give his/her vote without fair
• In 2001 all people could give his/her vote without fair and
5.6.6. Civil society groups (Which election was held fair and free from
1991to 2014)
According to Monoar Hossain (73), He said 1991election was best because
caretaker government was impartial and ability to create strong election
commission. Others opinions are
• In 1996 all people can give his/her vote without fair
administration was neutral
5.6.7 Elite groups (Which election was held fair and free from 1991to
2014)

According to Amir Hossain malitha (65), 1991election was best because
caretaker government was impartial and ability to create strong election
commission. Others opinions are
• In 1996 all people can give his/her vote without fair
5.7.1. Farmer groups (Caretaker Government is need or not for General
election of Bangladesh) According to Jamir Ali (52) Caretaker Government
is need for General election of Bangladesh because to arrange impartial
election and participation all parties. Others opinions are
• To arrange impartial election
• To need impartial judge
• To need sound judge
5.7.2. Female groups (Caretaker Government is needed or not for
General election of Bangladesh) According to Sumi Rani Sarker (30),
Caretaker Government is need for sound and impartial election. Others
opinions are
• arrange impartial election
• Do not arrange to possible impartial election to remain power
• need impartial judge
• Do not show political power

5.7.3. Business man (Caretaker Government is needed or not for
General election of Bangladesh) According to Dabirul Islam (45),
Caretaker Government is need, because do not arrange to possible impartial
election to remain power. Others opinion are
• arrange impartial election
• Does not arrange to possible impartial election to remain
power
• manipulate election commission and administration to remain
power
5.7.4. Teacher groups (Caretaker Government is needed or not for
General election of Bangladesh) According to Mahabubur Rahman (28),
Caretaker Government is need, because the general election is questionable
under political parties. Others opinions are
• Caretaker Government is relatively impartial
• Does not remain impartial administration under political
parties.
• do work impartial election commission
5.7.5. Political groups (Caretaker Government is needed or not for
General election of Bangladesh) According to Farjana Reja (42), Caretaker
Government is need for sound and impartial election. Others opinions are
• To arrange impartial election
• Caretaker Government is relatively impartial
parties.

• To do work impartial election commission
5.7.6. Civil society groups (Caretaker Government is needed or not for
General election of Bangladesh) According to Md. shaid (65), only
impartial Caretaker Government can do arrange impartial general election ,
where political parties can not do the same work due to their political
interest. Others opinions are
• Caretaker Government more impartial
parties.
• To do work impartial election commission
5.7.7. Elite (Caretaker Government is needed or not for General election
of Bangladesh) According to Md. S M Anisur Rahman (65), Caretaker
Government does not need for General election of Bangladesh it would be
follow parliamentary rules but there is better do not remain cabinet . Others
opinions are
• Caretaker Government more impartial
parties.
5.81. Farmer groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary democracy,
and how to over come this challenge)
Main challenge of parliamentary democracy:
According to MD.Aminulla( 65)
• Abduction and killing is main challenge

• Do not take necessary action against culprit from administration
How to over come this challenge
• To arrange a general election with faire and free ,where
all parties take participat
• To arrange a general election by caretaker government
5.8.2. Female groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary
democracy, and how over come this challenge)
Main challenge of parliamentary democracy: Sumy Rani karmoker (30)
years, said that,
• Greedy on power
• Dictatorship attitude
• Lack of accountability
• Impolite attitude
• Lack of tolerant of other opinion
• So much use vulgar language in parliament
How to over come this challenge:
• To arrange a general election with faire and free, where
participation all parties
• To select eligible and educated candidate for MPS

5.8.3. Business groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary democracy,
and how over come this challenge) Main challenge of parliamentary
democracy: According to MD. Dabirul Islam (45) he said that, if it is
continue that will be turned parliamentary dictatorship and there is absence
rules and law.
5.8.4. Teacher groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary
Main challenge of parliamentary democracy: According to MD. Mahaubur
Rahman Islam (28),
• Serious trust crisis among political parties ,
• No comment to the citizen, and
• Greedy to power
• Foreign intervention
• Bureaucracy
• To arrange a dialogue among all political parties
• Need strong and independent election commission
• Need impartial administration
• To solve any problem by dialogue
5.8.5 Politician groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary

Main challenge of parliamentary democracy: Role of speaker remains
impartial and he should try to stop nepotism and corruption.
• To arrange a dialogue among all political parties
• To establish good governance
• To solve any problem by home grown solution
• To build up strong relationship among political parties.
• To avoid foreign intervention
5.8.6. Civil society groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary
democracy, and how over come this challenge) Main challenge of
parliamentary democracy:
• Politicize,
• Nepotism and ,
• Corruption
• Greedy to power
• To scrap financial transaction for MPS selection
• Capable and educated leader appointment for MPS

•
5.8.7 Elite groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary democracy,
and how over come this challenge) Main challenge of parliamentary
democracy:
• Politicize in all sector
• Nepotism and
• Corruption in all sector
• Greedy to power
• Lack of rules and law
• Need to arrange a dialogue among all political parties
• Should have strong commitment to the citizen
• To respect public opinion
• Avoid personal jealous
• Need to arrange a general election by caretaker government
• Need impartial administration.

6.0 Observations: Sumy Rani karmoker (30) years, she said about
good Governance. ‘Governance system is conducted by authority (who
elected by voting), and to ensure fundamental right for all people. Kimat Ali
(66) years old, he does not know about good governance. Others opinion,
they are wanted his work or Business smoothly, make fertilizer rate becomes
chip and to ensure essential foods supply available for all people and state is
conducted by political party with sound . Din mohammed shishir (30) years,
said that, Four pillar of government vis Legislate, Administration, Executive
and Judiciary are impartial and indipendent. Kimat Ali (66) years old, his
opinion on parliamentary democracy , MPS makes quarrel or squabble each
other and use vulgar language in the parliament, and all MPS should obey
the rules and regulation. On the other hand According to Zebuka sultana
(32), caretaker government is parliamentary democracy. Other opinions,
parliamentary democracy would be exercised real democracy for people
betterment, and tolerate of other opinion as well as respect opposition
opinion in parliament that parliament becomes main focal point discussion
of the nation. Din mohammed shishir (30) years, said characteristic of
parliamentary democracy system should be two tire. On the other hand, Md.
Amir Hossain (75) said parliament member is nominated for election by all
political parties is to be eligible , capable and educated also free from
corrupt and knowledge about parliament. Is Caretaker Government needed
or not for General election of Bangladesh? Except Md. S M Anisur Rahman
(65) and Uttam Kumer sha, all are agree with the Caretaker Government
needs for General election of Bangladesh. According to Sumi Rani Sarker
(30) and Farjana Farjana Reja (42), Caretaker Government is needs to
arrange a sound and impartial election. Others opinions are ame. Role of

parliamentary democracy for establish good governance. Most of the
participant opinions are
1. To give priority opposition MPS for select chairperson of
2. To give high priority to discuss for opposition party MPS
according to parliamentary customs
3. To avoid sludge language in to the Parliament
4. To tolerant others opinion
5. To ensure attendance in Parliament of all MPS
6. Avoid boycott culture.
Which Government is the best, According to Sumy Rany sarker (30),
parliamentary democracy is the best because government is elected by
people voting, fundamental rights of people is ensured with the discussion of
all MPS and to ensured accountability of government activity to the
government. on the other hand According to Maruf Ahmed (30)said that
parliamentary democracy is best because government does not emerge as a
supreme power, and to take decision for people to meet fulfillment demand
according people need by the parliament. Most of the participant believed, in
1991 election was held fair and free due to caretaker government was
impartial and ability to create strong election commission. Nepotism,
Corruption and politicize in all sectors and greedy to power of political
parties, as well as lack of rules is main challenge of parliamentary
democracy. How to over come this challenge to ensure good governance of
Bangladesh that is
1. Countinously remains dialogue among all political parties in any
cost.

2. To establish good governance should have strong commitment to
the citizen of all political parties.
3. All political parties should have respect to all public opinion.
4. It is important to remove personal jealousy from both the chief
leaders of the main two political parties
5. Need to arrange a general election under caretaker government
until we can establish strong, credible and independent election commission.
7. Need strong, credible and independent election commission
7.0 Recommendations: More than 93 percent participant opinioned
that Caretaker Government is needed for General election of Bangladesh. It
is very also important that until establishment of a strong, credible and
independence election commission, general election should be held under
Caretaker Government. Without Caretaker government, in the present
context of Bangladesh arranging a general election is very difficult. In
Bangladesh, it is evident that the present condition of governance and
parliamentary democracy are not satisfactory at all. There are many issues
and problems are the barriers to ensure good governance in Bangladesh.
Corruption, political interference in administration, nepotism, misuse of
power, absence of rule of law, non-accountable and non-transparent
government and administration etc. are the common features of our
governance. On the other hand, the Government and Opposition party need
to work together for the wellbeing of the nation.
8.0 Conclusions: More than 93 percent participant is opinioned that
Caretaker Government is needed for General election of Bangladesh. It is
very also import that until establishment strong, credible and independence

election commission, general election should be held under Caretaker
Government. Without Caretaker government, in the present context of
Bangladesh it is very difficult to arrange general election. If we want to keep
safe and secure infant parliamentary democracy of Bangladesh, a trust needs
to be built up among political parties. At the same time, it is important to
remove personal jealousy from both the chief leaders of the main two
political parties. It is required to make the parliament effective and
functional and center of all debates. Constructive criticism on Government
activities from the Civil Society and Mass media can play vital role to make
the parliament democratic and effective function. Any national problem or
crisis should be solved by meaningful dialogue among political parties
through home grown culture, and also any foreign intervention should be
avoided.
09.0 Reference:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system
2. http://www.governancepro.com/news/article_12.html
24.06.2014 1.00pn
3. http://www.goodgovernance.org.au/about-good-governance/why-
is-good-governance-important/
4. www.unescap.org/pdd>
5. Islam,Dr.Mohammad.Johurul (2013)” Law and Good Governance:
Bangladesh Perspective,
6. http://www.goodgovernance.org.au/about-good-governance/why-
is-good-governance-important/

Annexure –1: Format of formal interview
MDS Course No: 005:- Governance and Development
empirical study
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Annexure –2: Participant list
Sl Name Address Profession Age Educat
ion
Family
member
1 MD. Amin ulla Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Farmer 65 5th
class
05
2 MD. Mintu Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Farmer 30 5th
04
3 MD. Jamir Ali Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Farmer 52 08
4 MD. Kiamot Ali Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Farmer 66 08
5 MD. Momin Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Farmer 60 03
6 Sumy Rony Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Female(Teac
her)
30 MSS 04
7 MS.Sbina
Khatun
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Female(Teac
her)
28 MSS 03
8 MS.Zebua sultana Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Female(Hous
e offife)
32 HSC 03
9 MS.Farjana khatun Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Female(Servi
ce man)
38 MCO
M
06
10 MS. FarjanaReja
Anju
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Female(politi
cian)
42 HSC 05
11 MD. Maruf Ahmed Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Bussiness
man
30 LLM 05
12 MD. Dabirul islam Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Bussiness
man
45 8th class
04
13 MD. Uttam Kumer
shah
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Bussiness
man
52 SSC 03
14 MD. Tipu Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Bussiness
man
45 SSC 05
15 MD. kawser Ali Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Bussiness
man
42 HSC 05
16 MD. Din
Mohammed
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Teaacher 30 MSS 04
17 MD. Al amin Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Teaacher 25 MSS 04

18 MD. Mahabubur
Rahman
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Teaacher 28 MSS 02
19 MD. Oliur Rahman Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Teaacher 35 MSS 04
20 MD. Kabir uddin Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Teaacher 42 MSS 05
21 MD. Jahidul Islam Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Politician 45 SSC 06
22 MD. Saiful Islam Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Politician 49 HSC 05
23 MD. Tofazzal
Hossain
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Politician 43 BA 04
24 MD. Abdul Malek Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Politician 53 BA 05
25 MD. Bulbuli Islam Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Politician 52 SSC 06
26 MD.Amir Hossain Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Elite 75 BA+L
LB
08
27 MD. M Anisur
Rahman
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Elite 65 BA 06
28 MD. Khandokar
shakhaoat Hossain
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Elite 64 BA 05
29 MD.Dr. Haruner
Rashid
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Elite 54 Phd 05
30 MD.Saidul karim Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Elite 53 HSC 05
31 MD. Monoar
Hossain
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Civil Society 73 BA 04
32 MD.Shohed( Ret
Teacher)
Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Civil Society 68 MSS 04
33 MD.Shajalal Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
34 MS. Sarifun Nesa Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
35 MD.Abul Kasem Jheniadah sadar
upzilla
Civil Society 60 LLB 5

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