Model of advice
- 1. Presented by Asst. Lect. Ali Al-zurfi University of Kufa College of Education 1
- 2. 2 Modals of Advice: Should, Ought to, Had better • Modal verbs are helping/auxiliary verbs that express ideas like ability, advice, and obligation. Many modal verbs have more than one meaning. They are always followed by the simple form of a verb. For example: - Amanda should go to the doctor. • This shows that we think it is a good idea for Amanda to visit the doctor.
- 3. 3 Modals of Advice • English speakers use the modal verbs “should,” “ought to” and “had better” to express that they think something is a good (or a bad) idea. “Should” is the most commonly used. Affirmative Negative Question A: I failed my test. B: Really? You should study harder. Young children shouldn't watch violent TV shows. I have a problem. Should I call my parents or my friend? A: It's really cold outside. B: You ought to wear a warm jacket. (“ought to” is not usually used in the negative form) (“ought to” is not common in question form) A: You had better slow down. You are driving too fast! You had better not forget to pay your tuition. If you do, the university will kick you out! (“had better” is not usually used in question form)
- 4. 4 Modals of Advice • These examples have the same basic advice message, but “had better” is a bit stronger. It includes the idea of a warning: something bad will happen if you do not follow my advice. For example: - You had better not forget to pay your tuition. If you forget, the university will kick you out. - You had better do your homework. If you do not do your homework, the teacher will give you a low mark. • Note: “You had better...” can be contracted to become “You'd better....”
- 5. 5 Modals of Advice • These examples have the same basic advice message, but “had better” is a bit stronger. It includes the idea of a warning: something bad will happen if you do not follow my advice. For example: - You had better not forget to pay your tuition. If you forget, the university will kick you out. - You had better do your homework. If you do not do your homework, the teacher will give you a low mark. • Note: “You had better...” can be contracted to become “You'd better....”
- 6. 6 Modals of Advice • Modal + subject + basic verb + ...?? - Should I call my parents or my friend? • WH- (information) questions can also be formed by putting the WH- question word immediately before the modal. For example: - What should I do about my problem? - Where should we have dinner tonight? - Why should you believe them? - When should they call their boss?
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- 8. 8 English conditional sentences can be of many types: 1-Real Condition: This type of condition refers to possible situations in the present or future. These situations take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: If + Simple Present + Simple Future
- 9. 9 If I have enough time, I'll watch a football match. If he leaves , he will catch the train. If I find her address, I will send her an invitation. If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
- 10. 10 2-Unreal Condition in the present: Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal, impossible or improbable situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past + would + base verb
- 11. 11 If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle. If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world. If I won the lottery, I would be a millionaire. She would help the poor if she became rich. If I were you , I would not resign.
- 12. 12 This condition is impossible or contrary – to – the – fact in the past. It describes a past situation that did not happen. It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle
- 13. 13 If he had had enough money, he would have bought a new car. If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam. If they had taken him to hospital earlier, he wouldn't have died. He wouldn't have missed the bus, if he had woken up earlier. The accident wouldn't have occurred if the driver hadn't been driving fast.
- 14. 14 4. Condition with (unless): The other conditional subordinator besides (if) is (unless). It is used in a negative condition and means (except if): I am not going out unless it stops raining. It means the same as: I am not going out if it doesn’t stop raining.
- 15. 15 5. Conditional without ( if): English has conditional sentences without the conditional subordinator (if): The absence of (if) triggers subject – auxiliary inversion rule: Had she arrived, I would have seen her. Should they arrive late, there will be no one to receive them. Should you need my advice, you can call me. Should you see Tom, please tell him to phone me. Had I not been ill, I would have come.
- 16. 16 6. Factual condition (talking about facts ): In factual conditionals that are general truths, we normally use a present tense in both clauses: If we boil water, it evaporates. It is possible, however, to use modals (will) , for example, adds the idea of absolute certainty: If you heat ice, it will melt.
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