Driving process of caisson

DRIVING PROCESS OF CAISSON
D.A.DIPLOMA ENGG & TECH
Seminar on:-
Patel Amit A. (116820306037)
Chauhan Amar M. (116820306038)
Pargi kalpesh R (116820306034)
Parmar Dharmendra (116820306029)
DHARINIBEN.A. SUKLA. EJUCATION CAMPAS.MHEMDAVAD-387430

 Definition of Caissons
• Caisson is a water tight structure made of
wood, steel, R.C.C i.e. reinforced cement
constructed in connection with excavation
for the foundation of bridges, piers in rivers,
dock structures etc.
DHARINIBEN.A. SUKLA. EJUCATION
CAMPAS.MHEMDAVAD-387430

 Uses of Caissons
• Caissons are more suitable for the deep foundation under water where the
foundation should be extended up to or below the river bed so as to obtain the
proper stability.
• Caissons as type of well foundation is constructed in connection with excavation
for foundation of piers and abutments in rivers and lake, bridges, break water
dock structures for the point of view of shore protection, lamp house etc.
• When the construction of well foundation to be done under water.
The construction Of caisson are more preferable.
• When depth of water in river, lake, or sea etc. are more, than caisson structure is
used.
• Caisson are used as foundation for bridges piers, and abutments in rivers, seas,
lakes, break waters and other shore construction works.

 Construction Material
• The Material used for the construction of caisson
are
as follows:
• Wood
• Steel
• Reinforced Concrete

Shapes of Caissons
Caisson are constructed into two basic shapes
and
combination of basic shape.
Shapes of Caissons:
(I) Basic Shape
(II) Combination of Basic Shape
Basic Shape:
(I) Circular
(II) Rectangular
(III) Square
(IV) Octagonal

Shapes of Caissons

Combination of Basic Shapes
• Double Circular
• Double Rectangular
• Double hexagonal
• Double-D
• Double Octagonal

 Types of Caissons
• The Caissons is used for the purpose of placing a
foundation in correct position under water.
• Types of Caissons
• Open Caisson
• Box Caisson
• Pneumatic Caisson

 Types of Caissons

 Open Caissons
• It is a box type of structure which is open at the top
and at the bottom. Open Caisson are normally
used on sandy soils or soft bearing stratum and where
no firm bed is available at a higher depth.
• According to the shape of caissons, open caissons can
be further classified into three types as;
• Open Caisson
• Single Wall Open Caisson
• Cylindrical Open Caisson
• Open Caissons with dredging wells.

 Open Caisson

 Construction of Open Caissons:
• The sinking process of open caisson can be done in the
following conditions:
• Dry
• Dewatered Construction
• Artificial Island
• In case of an artificial island called as sand island
method, the island can be made by raising the ground
surface above water level temporarily for obtaining
relatively dry area for the sinking process. The size of
sand island should be sufficient so that it can provide
more working space all around the caisson.

 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Open Caissons
 Advantages of Open Caissons:
• Following are the advantages of Open Caissons:
• This type of Caisson can be extended up to large
depths.
• Cost of Construction is relatively less on bed level or
lower side.

 Disadvantages of Open Caissons:
• Following are the disadvantages of open Caissons;
• Since the placing of concrete is done for concrete seal
under water, it may not be satisfactory.
• If any obstruction of boulders or logs are encountered,
then progress of work becomes slow.
• Through cleaning and inspection at the bottom of
caisson is very difficult and hence not possible.
• The help of divers may be required for excavation near
haunches at the cutting edgesDHARINIBEN.A. SUKLA. EJUCATION

 Box Caissons
• Box caisson is similar to open caisson, only
difference is that it is closed at the bottom.
• Box caisson is cast and cured properly
on ground and then it is launched in water
by filling sand or gravel or concrete in the empty
spaces.

 Box Caissons

 Pneumatic Caissons
• This type of caisson is open at the bottom and close at
the top. Pneumatic caisson is specially used at the place
where it is not possible to construct the well.
• It is suitable for the depth of water more than 12 m.
• In the construction of Pneumatic Caisson,
the compressed air is used to remove water
from the working chamber and the foundation work
is carried out in dry condition.
• This type of caisson can be made of timber, concrete or
steel.

 Pneumatic Caissons

 Advantages and Dis-advantages of
Pneumatic Caissons
• Following are the various advantages of pneumatic
caissons:
• Quality control is good because work is done in
dry
conditions.
• Insitu soil tests are possible to determine the bearing
capacity.
• There is direct and easy passage to reach the bottom of
caisson, hence any obstruction can easily be removed.

 Disadvantages of pneumatic
caisson
• Following are some of the disadvantages of
pneumatic
caisson.
• Construction of pneumatic caissons is much
expensive
than open caissons.
• During working the various constructional activities,
a proper care has to be taken, otherwise it may lead to
fatal accidents.

• Maximum depth below water table is limited to 30 m
to
40 m. Beyond 40 m depth, construction is not possible.
• There is more chances of caisson diseases to workmen
working under high pressure.
• Labor cost is high.

 Difference between Open Caisson and
Pneumatic Caissons

Driving process of caisson

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