Vulnerabilities of Different Elements Exposed to Hazards.pptx
- 1. VULNERABILITIES OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
- 2. AFTER GOING THROUGH THIS LESSON, YOU ARE EXPECTED TO: •1. COMPREHEND THE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS THAT MAY BE EXPOSED TO HAZARDS; •2. DIFFERENTIATE VULNERABILITIES OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO SPECIFIC HAZARDS; •3. EXPLAIN HOW DIFFERENT ELEMENTS CAN BECOME EXPOSED TO HAZARD MAKING IT MORE VULNERABLE; AND •4. INTEGRATE THE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO UNDERSTAND THE ITS INTERCONNECTION WITH ONE ANOTHER.
- 3. VULNERABILITIES OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS ARE DETERMINED DUE TO ITS EXPOSURE TO PARTICULAR AND SPECIFIC HAZARD. •PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY INCLUDES POPULATION DENSITY LEVELS, PLACE OF A SETTLEMENT, THE SITE DESIGN, AND MATERIALS USED FOR INFRASTRUCTURE AND HOUSING. WHEN HAZARDOUS EVENTS OCCUR, NORMALLY PHYSICAL ELEMENTS ARE SEVERELY DAMAGED. FOR EXAMPLE, UP VISAYAS BUILDINGS WERE TOTALLY DESTROYED DURING THE SUPER TYPHOON YOLANDA IN 2008 LEAVING THE STRUCTURE TOTALLY DAMAGED. ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS THE DECREASED IN POPULATION DENSITY LIKE WHAT HAPPENED IN BAGUIO DURING THE 1990 EARTHQUAKE IN NORTH LUZON WHEN A LOT OF PEOPLE WERE INJURED AND DIED.
- 4. SOCIAL VULNERABILITY •SOCIAL VULNERABILITY HAPPENS DUE TO INABILITY OF PEOPLE, ORGANIZATION, AND SOCIETIES TO PREVENT SEVERE EFFECTS FROM HAZARDS BECAUSE OF THE EXPECTED BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL INTERACTIONS, INSTITUTIONS, AND SYSTEM OF CULTURAL VALUES. FOR EXAMPLE, DURING TYPHOON THE LINE OF 11 COMMUNICATIONS WERE CUT OFF WHEN CELL SITES SHUTDOWN OR DISRUPTION OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM DUE TO INABILITY OF SMALL VEHICLES TO PASS THROUGH THE FLOODED AREAS OR UNPASSABLE ROADS AND BRIDGES. WITH SOME DIFFICULTIES IN THE DELIVERY OF SERVICES SUCH AS RELIEF GOODS AND MEDICINES, A LOT OF PROBLEMS OCCURRED LIKE SHORTAGE OF FOOD AND SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. THEREFORE, WHEN SOCIAL ELEMENTS WERE EXPOSED TO HAZARD, THESE MAY LEAD TO DISRUPTION OF NORMAL PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES IN THE COMMUNITY.
- 5. ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY • LEVEL OF ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY IS BASED ON THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF INDIVIDUALS, COMMUNITIES, AND NATIONS. THE POORER THE COUNTRY, THE MORE VULNERABLE TO DISASTERS BECAUSE THEY LACK THE FUNDS OR BUDGETS TO BUILD STURDY STRUCTURES AND PUT OTHER ENGINEERING MEASURES IN PLACE WHICH PROTECT THEM FROM BEING AFFECTED BY DISASTERS. SO, WE CAN SAY THAT PHILIPPINES IS MORE VULNERABLE TO AN EVENT SUCH AS EARTHQUAKE COMPARED TO JAPAN. THOUGH BOTH COUNTRIES ARE EXPOSED TO EARTHQUAKE HAZARD BECAUSE BOTH ARE LOCATED IN THE PACIFIC RING OF FIRE, BUT DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN ECONOMIC STATUS, JAPAN IS MORE RESILIENT BECAUSE OF ITS ABILITY TO AFFORD CHANGES IN ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING DESIGNS OF BUILDING AND INFRASTRUCTURES TO MAKE THEM LESS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKE. • SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY CAN BE COMBINED ALSO KNOWN AS SOCIOECONOMIC VULNERABILITY.
- 6. ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY •ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY IS CAUSED BY NATURAL RESOURCES DEPLETION AND DESTRUCTION. ORGANISMS LIKE HUMANS, ANIMALS, AND PLANTS ARE ALL DEPENDENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT FOR SURVIVAL. HUMAN ACTIVITIES LIKE DEFORESTATION, BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS, AND KAINGIN AFFECT THE NATURAL ABILITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENT TO PROTECT ITSELF FROM ANY NATURAL HAZARD DUE TO ABSENCE OF TREES WHICH MAY CAUSE LANDSLIDE AND FLASHFLOODS. SOMETIMES THE EFFECTS ARE IRREVERSIBLE.
- 7. • QUANTIFYING VULNERABILITY IS USED IN ESTIMATING HOW MUCH MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS MEASURES WILL BE APPLIED. COMPUTATION IS BASED ON THE PREVIOUS HAZARD EVENTS AND SEVERITY OF THEIR EFFECTS. VULNERABILITY CAN BE EXPRESSED AS: 0 = LOWEST DEGREE OF VULNERABILITY AND 1 AS THE HIGHEST DEGREE. VULNERABILITY OF PEOPLE IS THE RATIO OF CASUALTIES OR INJURED TO THE TOTAL POPULATION. VULNERABILITY OF BUILDINGS IS EXPRESSED AS A REPAIR COST OR DEGREE OF DAMAGE.
- 8. THE PHILIPPINES HAS HIGH VULNERABILITY DUE TO THE FOLLOWING REASONS: • • IT LIES IN THE PACIFIC TYPHOON BELT AND WE ARE VISITED BY AN AVERAGE OF 20 TYPHOONS EVERY YEAR. • • RUGGED NATURE OF THE LANDSCAPE MAKES IT VULNERABLE TO LANDSLIDE, MUDFLOWS, AND OTHER DISASTERS. • • IT IS AN ARCHIPELAGIC COUNTRY WITH MANY SMALL ISLANDS WHERE SOME AREAS ARE AT BELOW SEA LEVEL. • • IT HAS THE LONGEST SHORELINE IN THE WORLD AT 32,400 KM MAKING IT VULNERABLE TO STORM SURGES. • • IT IS STILL A PRIMARY AGRICULTURAL AND FISHING ECONOMY. • • WITH POOR INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIAL CAPACITY TO MANAGE, RESPOND, AND RECOVER FROM NATURAL HAZARD EVENTS. • • WITH HIGH LEVEL OF POVERTY • • ASIDE FROM TYPHOON, IT IS ALSO AT RISK TO VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, QUAKES, AND FLOODS.
- 9. ACTIVITY 1: DIRECTION: CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING PHRASES AND SENTENCES WHETHER IT IS PHYSICAL, SOCIOECONOMICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY. • 1. SHUTDOWN OF TELECOMMUNICATION TOWER • 2. HOUSES BUILT NEAR FAULT LINES • 3. DENUDATION OF FORESTS • 4. REST HOUSES NEAR BORACAY SHORELINE • 5. TWENTY-STORY BUILDING CONSTRUCTED ON SOIL MAINLY MADE UP OF CLAY. • 6. BRIDGES WITH CRACKS AND CREVICES • 7. OVERFERTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL • 8. LOST OF JOB DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC. • 9. POSSIBLE RETRENCHMENT OF ABS CBN EMPLOYEES DUE TO ITS SHUTDOWN • 10.DESTRUCTION OF CORAL REEFS THAT SERVES AS BARRIERS AGAINST STORM SURGE
- 10. ACTIVITY 2: DIRECTION. THE FOLLOWING ARE DIFFERENT SITUATIONAL STATEMENTS. IDENTIFY 3 ELEMENTS THAT ARE VULNERABLE IN EACH SITUATION. 1. YOU ARE A SECONDARY STUDENT. YOU ARE STRANDED IN YOUR SCHOOL BUILDING. THEY HAVE BLOCKED OFF THE ENTRANCES AND EXITS BECAUSE THE GROUNDS ARE FLOODED. YOU HAVE BEEN TRYING TO CALL YOUR FAMILY AND TRYING TO GET NEWS ON YOUR HOUSE, BUT THE SIGNAL’S DOWN. YOU HAVE ONLY GOTTEN YOUR BOOKS, NOTEBOOKS, AND LABORATORY MATERIALS IN YOUR BAG AND LOCKER. WHAT ELEMENTS OF VULNERABILITY ARE PRESENT IN THE SITUATION? 2. YOU AND YOUR FAMILY IS LIVING IN AN APARTMENT. YOU KNEW THAT THE LOCATION YOU ARE RESIDING IS A FLOOD RISK AREA. THE RADIO REPORTS ANTICIPATED FLOODING, AND YOU HEARD THE RAIN POURING, SO YOU PREPARED WATER BOTTLE, SOME CLOTHES, CANNED GOODS, AND CASH. YOU PLACED ALL YOUR ELECTRONIC APPLIANCES ON TOP OF THE CABINETS AND TABLES AND ENCASED THEM IN PLASTIC COVERS. YOU’RE READY TO GO OUT, BUT YOU DON’T KNOW WHERE THE EVACUATION CENTER IS.
- 11. ACTIVITY 2: DIRECTION. THE FOLLOWING ARE DIFFERENT SITUATIONAL STATEMENTS. IDENTIFY 3 ELEMENTS THAT ARE VULNERABLE IN EACH SITUATION. 3. YOU AND YOUR FAMILY ARE VERY CREATIVE AND ARTISTIC. YOU HAVE GOT TWO YOUNGER SISTERS AND ONE YOUNGER BROTHER. YOUR MOTHER OWNS SEVERAL VASES AND PORTRAITS SHE HAS MADE HERSELF. IT OCCURS THAT THERE IS A 2-MINUTE EARTHQUAKE OF MAGNITUDE 6 AND INTENSITY 4 IN YOUR HOMETOWN. YOUR FAMILY PANICKED AND PUT ALL THE VASES AND PORTRAITS DOWN THE FLOOR TO PREVENT THIS FROM BRAKING. 4. YOUR FATHER'S ON HIS WAY TO A MANILA WORK EVENT. THE BUS STOPS UNEXPECTEDLY AT BACOOR, CAVITE AND THE BUS DRIVER DECLARES THAT THEY WILL SOON SUSPEND THE OPERATIONS BECAUSE MOST OF THE ROADS ARE FLOODED AND THEY ARE UNABLE TO PROCEED. ALL THE PASSENGERS TAKE A NEGATIVE REACTION. YOUR FATHER FORGOT HIS CELLPHONE, AND BECAUSE THE SIGNAL IS FAILING, HE CANNOT CALL HIS OFFICEMATES AND FAMILY. 5. YOU ARE 84 YEARS OLD AND STAYING IN YOUR HOUSE IN QUEZON CITY. YOU ARE DEPENDENT ON THE HOUSE HELP WHICH YOUR DAUGHTER HIRED TO TAKE CARE OF YOU. YOU HAVE DIFFICULTY IN TALKING AND TRYING TO TELL THE MAID TO TURN ON THE RADIO AND PREPARE FOOD. YOU WANT TO KNOW WHAT’S GOING ON. YOU HEAR THAT THERE IS A PANDEMIC AND THE WHOLE LUZON IS UNDER ENHANCED COMMUNITY QUARANTINE. SINCE YOU ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE VIRUS AND WITH YOUR HEALTH CONDITION, IT IS NOT ADVISABLE TO DEAL AND HAVE PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS. YOU WANT TO KNOW HOW YOUR DAUGHTER AND GRANDKIDS ARE DOING IN CEBU.
- 12. ACTIVITY 3 • 2. IF YOU ARE IN THE SAME SITUATION, WHAT WILL BE YOUR IMMEDIATE DECISION? STAY IN THE PLACE THAT YOU CONSIDER AS YOUR WAY OF LIVING OR PRIORITIZE THE SAFETY OF YOUR FAMILY? • 3. WHY IS IT SO IMPORTANT TO DETERMINE THE ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS IN YOUR COMMUNITY?