Large Infrastructure Monitoring At CERN by Matthias Braeger at Big Data Spain 2015
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Matthias Bräger from CERN discusses the management of large infrastructure monitoring and big data analytics at CERN, emphasizing the significance of in-memory data grids and complex event processing. He highlights the operational capabilities of CERN's monitoring systems, including the C2MON platform which facilitates real-time data collection and analysis. The document outlines key challenges in data storage, processing speed, and the importance of integrating various data sources to maximize operational efficiency.
Large Infrastructure Monitoring At CERN by Matthias Braeger at Big Data Spain 2015
- 3. Large Infrastructure Monitoring @ CERN Matthias Bräger CERN Thursday, 10/15/2015 Big Data Spain
- 4. Agenda Matthias Bräger Software Engineer CERN matthias.braeger@cern.ch ▪ Big Data @ CERN ▪ In-Memory Data Grid & Streaming Analytics ▪ Concrete CERN Example
- 5. Physics data(>100 PB) Metadata of physics data Sensor Data of technical installations Log data Configuration data Documents Media data Others
- 6. European Organization for Nuclear Research ▪ Founded in 1954 (60 years ago!) ▪ 21 Member States ▪ ~ 3’360 Staff, fellows, students... ▪ ~ 10’000 Scientists from 113 different countries ▪ Budget: 1 billion CHF/year http://cern.ch
- 7. From Physics to Industry
- 8. ATLAS CMS LHCb Alice LHC The worlds biggest machine Generated 30 Petabytes in 2012 > 100 PB in total!
- 9. LHC - Large Hadron Collider 27km ring of superconducting magnets Started operation in 2010 with 3.5 + 3.5 TeV, 4 + 4 TeV in 2012 2013 – 2015 in Long Shutdown 1 (machine upgrade) Restarted in April 2015 with 6.5 + 6.5 TeV max
- 10. Some ATLAS facts ▪ 25m diameter, 46m length, 7’000 tons ▪ 100 million channels ▪ 40MHz collision rate (~ 1 PB/s) ▪ Run 1: 200 Hz (~ 320 MB/s) event rate after filtering ▪ Run 2: up to 1 kHz
- 12. Is Hadoop used for storing the ~30 PB/year of physics data ? No ;-( Experimental data are mainly stored on tape CERN uses Hadoop for storing the metadata of the experimental data
- 13. Physics Data Handling ▪ Run 1: 30 PB per year demanding 100’000 processors with peaks of 20 GB/s writing to tape spread across 80 tape drives ▪ Run 2: > 50 PB per year CERN’s Computer Center (1st floor)
- 14. Physics Data Handling 2013 already more than 100 PB stored in total! ▪ > 88 PB on 55’000 tapes ▪ > 13 PB on disk ▪ > 150 PB free tape storage waiting for Run 2 CERN’s tape robot
- 15. Why tape storage? ▪ Cost of tape storage is a lot less than disk storage ▪ No electricity consumption when tapes are not being accessed ▪ Tape storage size = Data + Copy Hadoop storage size = Data + 2 Copies ▪ No requirement to have all recorded physics data available within seconds CERN’s tape robot
- 16. @ CERN 3 HBase Clusters ▪ CASTOR Cluster with ~10 servers - ~ 100 GB of Logs per day - > 120 TB of Logs in total ▪ ATLAS Cluster with ~20 servers - Event index Catalogue for experimental Data in the Grid ▪ Monitoring Cluster with ~10 servers - Log events from CERN Computer Center
- 17. Metadata from physics event Metadata are created upon recording of the physics event Examples 1: ▪ Tape Storage event log - On which tape is my file stored? - Is there a copy on disk? - List me all events for a given tape or drive - Was the tape repacked?
- 18. Example 1: Tape Storage event log
- 19. Metadata from physics event Metadata are created upon recording of the physics event Examples 2: ▪ Information about - Event number - run number - timestamp - luminosity block number - trigger that selected the event, etc.
- 20. Example 2: ATLAS EventIndex catalogue Prototype of an event-level metadata catalogue for all ATLAS events ▪ In 2011 and 2012, ATLAS produced 2 billion real events and 4 billion simulated events ▪ Migration to Hadoop for run 2 of the LHC Data are read from the brokers, decoded and stored into Hadoop.
- 21. Example 2: ATLAS EventIndex catalogue The major use cases of the EventIndex project are: ▪ Event picking: give me the reference (pointer) to "this" event in "that" format for a given processing cycle. ▪ Production consistency checks: technical checks that processing cycles are complete (event counts match). ▪ Event service: give me the references (pointers) for “this” list of events, or for the events satisfying given selection criteria
- 22. Agenda Matthias Bräger Software Engineer CERN matthias.braeger@cern.ch ▪ Big Data @ CERN ▪ In-Memory Data Grid & Streaming Analytics ▪ Concrete CERN Example
- 23. Physics data(>100 PB) Metadata of physics data Sensor Data of technical installations Log data Configuration data Documents Media data Others
- 24. Growth of Data Transactions, Sensors, Logs, M2M, ..
- 25. Big Data is first of all cost factor! The infrastructure has to be put in place to store the data To a get a maximum return of investment it requires good analytic tools and well defined target goals to harvest the precious insights of your data
- 26. The value of real time Latency Matters
- 27. Uptime, SLAs, HA Performance and Scale
- 28. The Shift 90% of Data in Disk-based Databases 90% of Data in In- Memory MEMORY RAM is 58,000 times faster than disk and 2,000 times faster than solid-state drives (SSD)
- 29. Tiered Storage Distributed memory Server RAM or Flash/SSD Process Memory Local off-heap Memory 2,000,000+ 1,000,000 100,000 Micro-seconds Micro-seconds Milli-seconds Speed (TPS) 1,000s Latency External Data Source (e.g., Database, Hadoop, Data Warehouse) 4 GB 32 GB – 12 TB 100s GB – 100s TB Seconds
- 30. Achiving High Availability with RAM? In-memory data grids replicate the data to one or more nodes
- 31. Why now? Explosion in volume and velocity of data Steep drop in price of RAM
- 32. In-Memory Data Grid (IMDG) Platforms - Scale of NoSQL - Low latency of In-Memory databases - Reliability & Fault Tolerance - Transactional Guarantees Fast Big Data
- 33. Scale with data and processing needs Increase Data in Memory Reduce database dendency DB Application DB Application In-Memory Distributed In-Memory DB Application In-Memory Application In-Memory
- 34. Use Cases for IMDG • Cache to overcome legacy data bottlenecks • Cache for transient data • Primary store for modern apps • NoSQL database at in-memory speed • Data services fabric for real-time data integration • Compute grid at in-memory speed
- 35. In-Memory Data Grid solutions Forrester Wave™: In-Memory Data Grids, Q3 2015
- 36. Analyzing data In-Motion Streaming analytics and filtering with Complex Event Processing (CEP) CEP engine … Events … Actions In-Memory Event stack Hadoop Storage Alarming
- 37. Streaming Analytics • Many existing products, but still no standards • : Open Source, SQL like query language • JEPC: An attempt to standardize event processing, from Database Research Group, University of Marburg: http://www.mathematik.uni-marburg.de/~bhossbach/jepc/
- 38. Use cases Influencing operations and decisions
- 39. Agenda Matthias Bräger Software Engineer CERN matthias.braeger@cern.ch ▪ Big Data @ CERN ▪ In-Memory Data Grid & Streaming Analytics ▪ Concrete CERN Example
- 40. Cooling Access Control Safety Systems Network and Hardware Controls Cryogenics Electricity
- 41. TIM – Technical Infrastructure Monitoring ▪ Operational since 2005 ▪ Used to monitor and control infrastructure at CERN ▪ 24/7 service ▪ ~ 100 different main users at CERN ▪ Since Jan. 2012 based on new server architecture with C2MON CERN Control Center at LHC startup
- 42. Cooling Safety Systems Electricity Access Network and Hardware Controls Cryogenics TIM Server based on C2MON Client Tier Data Analysis Video ViewerTIM Viewer Access Management Alarm Console Data Acquisition & Filtering > 1200 commands > 1300 rules > 91k data sensors > 41k alarms Web Apps
- 43. TIM Server based on C2MON Client Tier Data Analysis Video ViewerTIM Viewer Access Management Alarm Console Data Acquisition & Filtering ca. 400 million raw values per day Filtering ca.2 million updates > 1200 commands > 1300 rules > 91k data sensors > 41k alarms Web Apps
- 44. C2MON - CERN Control and Monitoring Platform C2MON server C2MON client API my app C2MON DAQ API my DAQ … ▪ Allows the rapid implementation of high-performance monitoring solutions ▪ Modular and scalable at all layers ▪ Optimized for High Availability & big data volume ▪ Based on In-Memory solution ▪ All written in Java Currently used by two big monitoring systems @CERN: TIM & DIAMON Central LHC alarm system (“LASER”) in migration phase http://cern.ch/c2mon
- 45. C2MON server C2MON architecture Application Tier C2MON server DAQs History / Backup In-Memory - Configuration - Rule logic - Latest sensor values
- 46. C2MON Server C2MON server core In-Memory Store (JCache - JSR-107) DAQ outDAQ in DAQ supervision Cache persistence Cache loading Lifecycle Configuration Cache DB access Logging Alarm Rules Benchmark Video access C2MON server modulesClient communication Authentication
- 47. Open Source time-series databases ▪ OpenTSDB: Uses as storage model ▪ : Uses Apache as storage model ▪ : Natively time-series, using LMDB storage engine ▪ : Built on top of Apache LuceneTM
- 50. Scenario 1: High availability • moderate data size • average throughput • min service interrupts • high availability C2MON SERVER DAQ process DAQ process DAQ processDAQ process Clustered JMS brokersJMS broker JMS broker JMS broker JMS broker C2MON client C2MON client C2MON client C2MON SERVER standby
- 51. Raw data filtering on DAQ layer GIQO Garbage In Quality out
- 52. Scenario 2: High requirements • large data set • high throughput • min service interrupts • high availability DAQ process DAQ process DAQ processDAQ process server array C2MON SERVER CLUSTER C2MON SERVER CLUSTER JMS broker cluster JMS broker cluster C2MON client C2MON client JMS broker cluster JMS broker cluster C2MON clientC2MON client
- 53. C2MON Roadmap ▪ Offering C2MON to the Open Source community http://cern.ch/c2mon ▪ Introduction of Complex Event Processing (CEP) module ▪ Migrating historical event store from relational database to time series database
- 54. IoT = Internet of Things or … Intranet of Things? ▪ Creating a smarter world happens first in the Intranet ▪ Challenge: Integrating heterogenous systems and protocols ▪ Many IoT solutions available, but often closed products which are not compatible to each other Internet of Things: ▪ Integrating and analysing monitoring data from a variety of installations of the same device type throughout the industry is essential.
- 55. Takeaways ▪ Data and High Availability services are more important than ever before for all modern organizations. ▪ Deriving value from collected data is key to success. ▪ In-Memory platforms are essential for high value & high velocity data storage and processing.
- 56. Credits & References Many thanks to CERN & Software AG: - Sebastien Ponce (CERN), for providing information about CASTOR - Rainer Toebbicke (CERN), for providing information about CERN HBASE service - Jan Iven (CERN), for being helpful finding information about existing CERN Hadoop projects - Software AG/Terracotta Product & Engineering Team References: - C2MON: http://cern.ch/c2mon - The ATLAS EventIndex: https://cds.cern.ch/record/1690609 - Agile Infrastructure at CERN - Moving 9'000 Servers into a Private Cloud, Helge Meinhard (CERN): http://vimeo.com/93247922 - CRAN, The Comprehensive R Archive Network: http://cran.r-project.org - Software AG Terracotta: http://www.terracotta.org
- 57. Questions? Muchas gracias por su atención!