05 piotrowski
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The document discusses the 'European Peace Treaties of the Early Modern Era - Online' project, which aimed to document, digitize, and publish 1,800 European peace treaties from 1450 to 1789, making them accessible through an open-access database. It highlights efforts to convert treaty metadata into linked open data for enhanced research opportunities while addressing challenges related to data extraction and the identification of signatories. The project is seen as a valuable resource for the humanities and digital humanities, with ongoing work planned for further development.
05 piotrowski
- 1. Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online The LOD Remix Dr.-Ing. Michael Piotrowski Leibniz Institute for European History <piotrowski@ieg-mainz.de> @true_mxp Pisa, December 11, 2014
- 2. Background
- 3. Original Project ▶ “Europäische Friedensverträge der Vormoderne – online” (FVV-o) ▶ 2005–2010 funded by the DFG ▶ Documentation, digitization, and publication of 1,800 European peace treaties from the period 1450–1789 (primarily negotiators’ copies) ▶ FVV-o has collected manuscripts that are scattered over archives all over Europe (often hard to find) ▶ All facsimiles are annotated with basic metadata; some particularly important treaties are also available as full-text critical editions Ü Open-access database at http://ieg-friedensvertraege.de/ Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 1/14
- 4. Original Project ▶ “Europäische Friedensverträge der Vormoderne – online” (FVV-o) ▶ 2005–2010 funded by the DFG ▶ Documentation, digitization, and publication of 1,800 European peace treaties from the period 1450–1789 (primarily negotiators’ copies) ▶ FVV-o has collected manuscripts that are scattered over archives all over Europe (often hard to find) ▶ All facsimiles are annotated with basic metadata; some particularly important treaties are also available as full-text critical editions Ü Open-access database at http://ieg-friedensvertraege.de/ Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 1/14
- 5. Original Project ▶ “Europäische Friedensverträge der Vormoderne – online” (FVV-o) ▶ 2005–2010 funded by the DFG ▶ Documentation, digitization, and publication of 1,800 European peace treaties from the period 1450–1789 (primarily negotiators’ copies) ▶ FVV-o has collected manuscripts that are scattered over archives all over Europe (often hard to find) ▶ All facsimiles are annotated with basic metadata; some particularly important treaties are also available as full-text critical editions Ü Open-access database at http://ieg-friedensvertraege.de/ Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 1/14
- 6. Original Project ▶ “Europäische Friedensverträge der Vormoderne – online” (FVV-o) ▶ 2005–2010 funded by the DFG ▶ Documentation, digitization, and publication of 1,800 European peace treaties from the period 1450–1789 (primarily negotiators’ copies) ▶ FVV-o has collected manuscripts that are scattered over archives all over Europe (often hard to find) ▶ All facsimiles are annotated with basic metadata; some particularly important treaties are also available as full-text critical editions Ü Open-access database at http://ieg-friedensvertraege.de/ Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 1/14
- 7. Original Project ▶ “Europäische Friedensverträge der Vormoderne – online” (FVV-o) ▶ 2005–2010 funded by the DFG ▶ Documentation, digitization, and publication of 1,800 European peace treaties from the period 1450–1789 (primarily negotiators’ copies) ▶ FVV-o has collected manuscripts that are scattered over archives all over Europe (often hard to find) ▶ All facsimiles are annotated with basic metadata; some particularly important treaties are also available as full-text critical editions Ü Open-access database at http://ieg-friedensvertraege.de/ Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 1/14
- 8. Original Project ▶ “Europäische Friedensverträge der Vormoderne – online” (FVV-o) ▶ 2005–2010 funded by the DFG ▶ Documentation, digitization, and publication of 1,800 European peace treaties from the period 1450–1789 (primarily negotiators’ copies) ▶ FVV-o has collected manuscripts that are scattered over archives all over Europe (often hard to find) ▶ All facsimiles are annotated with basic metadata; some particularly important treaties are also available as full-text critical editions Ü Open-access database at http://ieg-friedensvertraege.de/ Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 1/14
- 9. Database Search Interface Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 2/14
- 10. Example Figure: Provisional convention of subsidy between Great Britain, the States General, and Austria, 1746-08-31 Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 3/14
- 11. Peace Treaties ▶ Peace treaties are an important part of our European cultural heritage ▶ Essential for research into early modern peacekeeping and diplomacy, but also for many other historical research questions Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 4/14
- 12. New Project
- 13. New Project ▶ Many potential connections from and to treaties: ▶ Places ▶ Partners (signatories) ▶ Persons ▶ Document types ▶ Copies/prints ▶ Related literature ▶ FVV-o is open access, but not machine-processable and reusable Ü “The goal of the project funded by the DM2E Open Humanities Award is to publish the treaties metadata as Linked Open Data, and to evaluate the use of nanopublications as a representation format for humanities data.” Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 5/14
- 14. New Project ▶ Many potential connections from and to treaties: ▶ Places ▶ Partners (signatories) ▶ Persons ▶ Document types ▶ Copies/prints ▶ Related literature ▶ FVV-o is open access, but not machine-processable and reusable Ü “The goal of the project funded by the DM2E Open Humanities Award is to publish the treaties metadata as Linked Open Data, and to evaluate the use of nanopublications as a representation format for humanities data.” Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 5/14
- 15. New Project ▶ Many potential connections from and to treaties: ▶ Places ▶ Partners (signatories) ▶ Persons ▶ Document types ▶ Copies/prints ▶ Related literature ▶ FVV-o is open access, but not machine-processable and reusable Ü “The goal of the project funded by the DM2E Open Humanities Award is to publish the treaties metadata as Linked Open Data, and to evaluate the use of nanopublications as a representation format for humanities data.” Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 5/14
- 16. New Project ▶ Many potential connections from and to treaties: ▶ Places ▶ Partners (signatories) ▶ Persons ▶ Document types ▶ Copies/prints ▶ Related literature ▶ FVV-o is open access, but not machine-processable and reusable Ü “The goal of the project funded by the DM2E Open Humanities Award is to publish the treaties metadata as Linked Open Data, and to evaluate the use of nanopublications as a representation format for humanities data.” Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 5/14
- 17. Conversion ▶ Original database is MySQL with custom PHP front end ▶ No documentation ▶ “Creative” solutions, e.g., for multi-valued fields ‘partners‘ varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT ” ’37,46,253’ ▶ Much information is contained in unstructured “comment” fields Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 6/14
- 18. Conversion ▶ Original database is MySQL with custom PHP front end ▶ No documentation ▶ “Creative” solutions, e.g., for multi-valued fields ‘partners‘ varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT ” ’37,46,253’ ▶ Much information is contained in unstructured “comment” fields Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 6/14
- 19. Conversion ▶ Original database is MySQL with custom PHP front end ▶ No documentation ▶ “Creative” solutions, e.g., for multi-valued fields ‘partners‘ varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT ” ’37,46,253’ ▶ Much information is contained in unstructured “comment” fields Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 6/14
- 20. Current State ▶ Data has been converted to RDF (DM2E model) ▶ 3 main classes: ▶ Treaties (dm2e:Manuscript) ▶ Partners (edm:Agent) ▶ Locations (edm:Place) ▶ Further properties: ▶ dc:title for the treaty titles ▶ dc:date for the treaty date ▶ edm:happenedAt for linking to the location ▶ rdfs:label for the names of partners and locations ▶ skos:narrower and skos:broader for modeling the hierarchy of partners ▶ dc:contributor for linking partners to treaties Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 7/14
- 21. Current State ▶ Data has been converted to RDF (DM2E model) ▶ 3 main classes: ▶ Treaties (dm2e:Manuscript) ▶ Partners (edm:Agent) ▶ Locations (edm:Place) ▶ Further properties: ▶ dc:title for the treaty titles ▶ dc:date for the treaty date ▶ edm:happenedAt for linking to the location ▶ rdfs:label for the names of partners and locations ▶ skos:narrower and skos:broader for modeling the hierarchy of partners ▶ dc:contributor for linking partners to treaties Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 7/14
- 22. Current State ▶ Data has been converted to RDF (DM2E model) ▶ 3 main classes: ▶ Treaties (dm2e:Manuscript) ▶ Partners (edm:Agent) ▶ Locations (edm:Place) ▶ Further properties: ▶ dc:title for the treaty titles ▶ dc:date for the treaty date ▶ edm:happenedAt for linking to the location ▶ rdfs:label for the names of partners and locations ▶ skos:narrower and skos:broader for modeling the hierarchy of partners ▶ dc:contributor for linking partners to treaties Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 7/14
- 23. Current State ▶ Data has been converted to RDF (DM2E model) ▶ 3 main classes: ▶ Treaties (dm2e:Manuscript) ▶ Partners (edm:Agent) ▶ Locations (edm:Place) ▶ Further properties: ▶ dc:title for the treaty titles ▶ dc:date for the treaty date ▶ edm:happenedAt for linking to the location ▶ rdfs:label for the names of partners and locations ▶ skos:narrower and skos:broader for modeling the hierarchy of partners ▶ dc:contributor for linking partners to treaties Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 7/14
- 24. Current State ✔ Treaties (as “works” in the sense of FRBR) ✔ Places ✔ Partners (signatories) ✘ Persons ✔ Document types ✘ Copies/prints (“manifestations”) ✘ Related literature Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 8/14
- 25. Problems ▶ Identifying signatories is non-trivial ▶ Data from comment fields (copies, prints, related literature) can’t be extracted automatically ▶ We don’t have the name of the signees (= negotiators) Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 9/14
- 26. Problems ▶ Identifying signatories is non-trivial ▶ Data from comment fields (copies, prints, related literature) can’t be extracted automatically ▶ We don’t have the name of the signees (= negotiators) Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 9/14
- 27. Problems ▶ Identifying signatories is non-trivial ▶ Data from comment fields (copies, prints, related literature) can’t be extracted automatically ▶ We don’t have the name of the signees (= negotiators) Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 9/14
- 28. A Pleasant Surprise Project “Übersetzungsleistungen von Diplomatie und Medien im vormodernen Friedensprozess. Europa 1450–1789” (June 2009–May 2012, BMBF) ▶ Documented all negotiators ▶ Documented the languages used in the treaties Ü We’re trying to obtain and integrate this data Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 10/14
- 29. A Pleasant Surprise Project “Übersetzungsleistungen von Diplomatie und Medien im vormodernen Friedensprozess. Europa 1450–1789” (June 2009–May 2012, BMBF) ▶ Documented all negotiators ▶ Documented the languages used in the treaties Ü We’re trying to obtain and integrate this data Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 10/14
- 30. A Pleasant Surprise Project “Übersetzungsleistungen von Diplomatie und Medien im vormodernen Friedensprozess. Europa 1450–1789” (June 2009–May 2012, BMBF) ▶ Documented all negotiators ▶ Documented the languages used in the treaties Ü We’re trying to obtain and integrate this data Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 10/14
- 31. A Pleasant Surprise Project “Übersetzungsleistungen von Diplomatie und Medien im vormodernen Friedensprozess. Europa 1450–1789” (June 2009–May 2012, BMBF) ▶ Documented all negotiators ▶ Documented the languages used in the treaties Ü We’re trying to obtain and integrate this data Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 10/14
- 32. To Do ▶ Complete linking (locations, powers) ▶ Try to obtain, add, and link data on negotiators ▶ Publish Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 11/14
- 34. Summary ▶ Open Humanities Award has allowed us to take a valuable resource for the humanities … ▶ … and turn it into a valuable resource for the digital humanities ▶ Work will continue beyond December 31: Important impetus for further development as well as for related work on controlled vocabularies and authority files for historical research (ÚDARIAH-DE) Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 12/14
- 35. Thank You ▶ DM2E for the Open Humanities Award ▶ Magnus Pfeffer & colleagues (HDM Stuttgart) for their hard work Piotrowski 2014-12-11 Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online 13/14
- 36. Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online The LOD Remix Dr.-Ing. Michael Piotrowski Leibniz Institute for European History <piotrowski@ieg-mainz.de> @true_mxp Pisa, December 11, 2014