Week 1. Concept of Guidance.pptx
- 1. CONCEPT OF GUIDANCE BCE 2532 COUNSELLING AND GUIDANCE 8/6/2021
- 2. Activity! ●Take a minute, close your eyes, and think of an influential adult from your childhood. ●How did this person help guide you to make good choices? ●How did he or she express encouragement when you made a mistake? ●How did this make you feel overall? 8/6/2021
- 3. What are you going to learn? ●Guidance – Meaning, nature and scope ●Need and importance of guidance in education ●Principles of guidance ●Types of guidance ●Role of the teacher in guidance 8/6/2021
- 4. OBJECTIVES After going through this unit you will be able to: 1. Define the meaning of guidance 2. Definition of counselling 3. Describe the need for guidance 4. State the principles of guidance 5. Explain the types of guidance 6. Describe the role of the teacher in guidance 8/6/2021
- 5. What is GUIDANCE? Meaning of guidance • Literally guidance means “to direct”, “to point out”, “to show the path”. • It is the assistance or help rendered by a more experienced person to a less experiences person to solve certain major problems of the individual (less experienced) i.e. educational, vocational, personal etc. 8/6/2021
- 6. What is GUIDANCE? (Cont.) ●Guidance is a concept as well as a process. ● As a concept guidance is concerned with the optimal development of the individual. ●As a process guidance helps the individual in self understanding-(E.g. strengths, limitations, and other resources) and in self- direction (ability to solve problems, make choices and decision on one‘s own). 8/6/2021
- 7. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE ● Ruth Stang, “Guidance is a process of helping every individual, through his own efforts, to discover and develop his potentialities for his personal happiness and social usefulness ● Knaps. “ Learning about the individual student, helping him to understand himself, effecting changes in him and in his environment which will help him to grow and develop as much as possible- these are the elements of giuidance
- 8. DEFINITION OF COUNSELLING 8 ● Counseling is essentially a process in which the counselor assists the counselee to make interpretations of facts relating to a choice, plan or adjustment which he needs to make. - Glenn F. Smith ● Counseling is a series of direct contacts with the individual which aims to offer him assistance in changing his attitude & behaviors. - Carl Rogers
- 9. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING 9 GUIDANCE COUNSELLING Guidance is broader & comprehensive Counselling is in-depth & narrow Guidance is more external, helps a person understand alternative solutions available to him & makes him understand his personality & choose the right solution. Counselling helps people understand themselves & is an inward analysis.Alternative solutions are proposed to help understand the problem at hand. Guidance is mainly preventive & developmental Counselling is remedial as well as preventive & developmental
- 10. GUIDANCE COUNSELLING Intellectual attitudes are the raw material of guidance Emotional rather than pure intellectual attitude are raw material of the counselling process. Decision making is operable at an intellectual level in guidance Counselling operates at an emotional level Guidance is generally education & career related & may also be for personal prob6lems Counselling is mostly offered for personal & social issues. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
- 11. PURPOSES OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING • Providing the needed information & assistance • Helping in individual to make wise choices • Improve the understanding of self • Facilitate the adjustment •Helps in adapting to the changes or new environment •Making self-sufficient & independent
- 12. PURPOSES OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING • Efficient use of capabilities & talent • Promote the optimal personal & professional development • Balanced physical, psychological, emotional, social & spiritual growth • Helps in overall development & to live productive life 1 2 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot .com 9/20/2013
- 13. CHARACTERISTICSOF GUIDANCE It is process It is a continuous process Choice & problem points are the distinctive concerns of guidance It is the assistance to the individual in the process of development rather than a direction of that development Guidance is a service meant for all Guidance is both generalized & a specialized 13
- 14. Count… Guidance is an organized service & not an incidental activity of the school. Guidance is not a branch of any discipline Guidance has limits Guidance is more an art than science Guidance has its roots in the education system Guidance is centered around the needs & aspirations of students.
- 15. CHARACTERISTS OF COUNSELLING Counselling involves two individuals-one seeking help & the other a professionally trained person who can help the first. There should be a relationship of mutual respect between the two individuals. Counselling is aimed at bringing about desired changes in the individual for self-realisation & providing assistance to solve problems through an intimate personal relationship. The counselor discovers the problems of the counselee & help him to set up realistic goals 15
- 16. Count… If counselee is a student, counselling helps him to take a decision, make a choice or find a direction in matters related to an educational programme or career. It helps the counselee acquire independence & develop a sense of responsibility. It is more than advice giving. It involves something more than offering an assistance to find a solution to an immediate problems. Counselling is democratic. Counselling concerns itself with attitudes as well as
- 17. SCOPE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING 14 Guidance & counselling for personal needs/problems Guidance & counselling for educational needs/problems Guidance & counselling for physical, emotional, social, moral & marital problems Guidance & counselling for vocational, occupational & professional needs Guidance & counselling for career advancement Guidance & counselling for holistic individual Guidance &
- 18. NEED OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING I. Need s for personal & social domain ✔ Personal & social development of individual ✔ To adapt in different stages of development ✔ Offering art of better living ✔ Proper use of leisure time ✔ Holistic personality development ✔ Best use of available opportunities ✔ Motivates for effective utilization &
- 19. NEED OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING 19 II. Needs for educational/professional domain ✔ Helps in academic growth & development ✔ Helps in vocational & professional maturity ✔ Facilitates an individual in the right education & profession ✔ Offer help to handle educational & professional situations ✔ Helps in the proper utilization of human resources ✔ Helps in adapting to the changing concept of education ✔ Prepares to adapt in changing professional situations & emerging challenges ✔ Helps in making proper career choice
- 20. Lets’ watch this Elementary School https://youtu.be/zL4aBKJjqF8 Preschool https://youtu.be/FSTAo-vmpXc
- 21. Tutorial Week 1 Write about the guidance and counselling techniques employed by the counselling teacher in this 2 videos. Explain separately according to the school level.
- 22. WEEK 2 Types of Guidance
- 23. Lets warm up Think of 3 number that are closely connected to you Example: 9, 10, 11 Pick a partner and let them guess what these numbers may mean to you.
- 24. FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLLING Adjustmental 24 Orientation Developmental
- 25. PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE According to Crow and Crow: All-round development of individuals Principles of individual differences Guidance is related to every aspect of life Cooperating among persons Guidance is a continuous & lifelong process Guidance for all Principles of elaboration Responsibility of teachers & parents Flexibility Principles of evaluation Guidance by a trained person 25
- 26. PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE According to Hollies and Hollies: The dignity of the individual is supreme. Each individual is different from every other individual. The primary concern of guidance is the individual, in his social setting. The attitude & personal perceptions of the individual are the basis on which he acts. The individual generally acts to enhance his perceived self. The individual has the innate ability to learn. the individual needs a continuous guidance process from early childhood through adulthood. Each individual may need the information & personalized 26
- 27. Need and importance of guidance in education ●Self understanding and self direction ●Optimum development of individual ●Solving different problem of the individual ●Academic growth and development ●Vocational maturity, vocational choices and vocational adjustments ●Social personal adjustment ●Better family life 8/6/2021
- 28. Principles of Guidance Guidance is based upon the following principles: ●Holistic development of individual ●Recognition of individual differences and dignity ●Acceptance of individual needs ●The individual needs a continuous guidance process from early childhood throughout adulthood ●Guidance involves using skills to communicate love, regard, respect for others. 8/6/2021
- 29. Types of Guidance 1. Personal 2. Educational 3. Vocational 4. Social 5. Moral 6. Health 7. Leisure-time 8/6/2021
- 30. Types of Guidance (Cont.) 1) Personal Guidance ●Students face many personal problems related to themselves, their parents and family, friends and teachers, etc. ●They often have memories related to home or family which creates feeling of disappointment in them. ●E.g. Faqih Case 8/6/2021
- 31. Types of Guidance (Cont.) The aims and objectives of personal guidance: • To assist the individual in understanding himself/herself. • To assist the individual involving the personal problems. • To assist the individual in taking independent decisions and judgement. • To assist the individual to view the world and the social environment in right perspective. • To assist the individual in making sound adjustments to different problems confronted in life 8/6/2021
- 32. Types of Guidance (Cont.) 2) Educational Guidance ●Educational guidance is related to every aspect of education school/ colleges, the curriculum, the methods of instruction, other curricular activities, disciplines etc. ●Educational guidance is the assistance given to the individual (i) to understand his/her potentialities (ii) have a clear cut idea of the different educational opportunities and their requirements (iii) to make wise choices as regards to school, colleges, the course: curricular and extra curricular. 8/6/2021
- 33. Types of Guidance (Cont.) 3) Vocational Guidance ●Vocational guidance is a process of assisting the individual to choose an occupation, prepare for it, enter upon it and progress in it. ●It is concerned primarily with helping individuals make decisions and choices involved in planning a future and building a career. ●The purpose behind assisting the youth to choose, prepare, enter and progress in a vocation is the optimum growth of the individual. 8/6/2021
- 34. Types of Guidance (Cont.) Some of the aims and objectives of vocational guidance are: • Assisting pupil to discover his/her own abilities and skills to feet them into general requirements of the occupation under consideration. • Helping the individual to develop an attitude towards work that will dignify whatever type of occupation s/he may wish to enter. • Assisting the individual to think critically about various types of occupations and to learn a technique for analyzing information about vocations. • Assisting pupils to secure relevant information about the facilities offered by various educational institutions engaging in vocational training. 8/6/2021
- 35. Types of Guidance (Cont.) 4) Social Guidance ●School/educational institution is a miniature society and pupil from different socio-economic status, linguistic and socio-cultural background. ●Students some time may face problems in adjustment and social relationship. ●It is very important that the students to be helped in acquiring in feeling of security and being accepted by the group; in developing social relationship and in becoming tolerant towards others. 8/6/2021
- 36. Types of Guidance (Cont.) 5) Moral Guidance ●Moral values occupy an important place in our life. ●Some times due to influence of diverse factors students tell lies and indulge in undesirable practices. ●Moral guidance helps in bringing these students in to proper track and help in their all round development. 8/6/2021
- 37. Types of Guidance (Cont.) 6) Health Guidance ●The health guidance may be a cooperative effort of Principal, Doctors, Counsellor/psychologist, Teachers, Students and parents. ●For promoting preventive care the conditions of school hostel, canteen needs to be checked. ●Similarly health education through formal classes and information is essential in school education stages. (E.g. AIDS, Drugs) 8/6/2021
- 38. Types of Guidance (Cont.) 7) Leisure-time Guidance ●Guidance for leisure is basically a part of personal guidance. ●The individual should know how to utilize his/her leisure time fruitfully. ●But, unfortunately most of us do not know how to utilize the leisure time. That is why guidance for leisure is necessary. 8/6/2021
- 39. Types of Guidance (Cont.) 7) Leisure-time Guidance ●Guidance for leisure is basically a part of personal guidance. ●The individual should know how to utilize his/her leisure time fruitfully. ●But, unfortunately most of us do not know how to utilize the leisure time. That is why guidance for leisure is necessary. ●Guidance for leisure is extremely important in modern society because it helps the individual to attain efficiency and become a useful member of the society. ●It has been suggested that in the school curriculum there should be provision for teaching about various leisure time activities so that children will able to know about them. 8/6/2021
- 41. Roles of teacher in guidance ●Demonstrating a genuine interest in students ●Encouraging high academic achievement ●NEXT- Give examples any other roles of teacher in guidance. 8/6/2021
- 42. Guidance at Elemntary School ● To adjust new environment ● To adjust the special character of some children ● To identify learning difficulties and special need of children ● To reduce the learning disabilities ● To preserve their emotional, educational and social needs ● To prevent emotional, educational and social backwards
- 43. Guidance at Secondary School Level ● Increase self knowledge ● Broaden the knowledge about the changing environment ● Helps to reach the full academic potential ● Provides opportunities for career exploration, planning and decision making ● To help children in selecting subject ● To help children maintain good health ● To participate in co-curricular activities
- 44. Guidance at University Level ● Sorting out their educational problems ● To develop personality and behaviour ● To provide complete picture about the reality of life ● To help them achieving their goals ● To acquaint them with the scope of higher studies ● To enable them to plan and organise seminars ● To help them finding job oppurtunities
- 45. How can I start a counselling session with a child? ●https://youtu.be/D- HiOmzCgBc 8/6/2021
- 46. Something to think about? Do you have the characteristics that have been explained earlier? Give an example of a situation that you have experienced which highlights these characteristics. If not, how can you train yourself to have these characteristics?
- 47. Tools for counselling services… I. Nontesting tools 47 II. Psychological tests
- 48. Tools for counselling services… 34 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com 9/20/2013 Observation It is careful watching or monitoring of the counselee by the counsellor with a specific objective in mind Checklist A is used to identify the presence or absence of specific attributes or skills of a particular expected behavior in students. Anecdotal record It consists of recording an important incident that happened & is a carefully recorded snapshot of the incident Rating Scale It is better tools to assess the degree or extent of the performance of a particular task or the possession of a trait. a. I. Nontestingtools II. Interview It is an interaction between the counsellor & counselee with a definite objective in mind Cumulative record It is a method of recording & providing meaningful, significant & comprehensive information about an individual, over a year. Autobiography & diary It may also provide useful information about students.
- 49. Tools for counselling services… II. Psychological tests Personality tests Eg; The Rorschach & The Minnesota Aptitude tests Eg; Specialize aptitude test & General aptitude test Achievement tests Eg; Cooperative test, College Board series, English reading test Interest inventory tests Eg; Blank and Kuder preference inventory Study habit inventory tests Eg; The Brown- Holtzman survey of study habit
- 50. TYPES OF COUNSELLING APPROACHES Directive counselli ng approach Nondirectiv e counselling approach Electic counselli ng approach 50
- 51. I. Directive Counselling Approach 51 ● It is also known as prescriptive counselling or counsellor-centred approach of counselling. ● This approach of counselling is advocated by E.G.Williamson, a professor at University of Minnesota. ● In directive counselling, the counsellor plays a leading role & uses a variety of techniques to suggest appropriate solutions to the counselee's problem. ● This approach also known as authoritarian or psychoanalytic approach. ● The counsellor is active & help individuals in making decisions & finding solution to their problems. ● The counsellor believes in the limited capacity of the
- 52. I. Directive Counselling Approach 52 A need- based approac h Problem focused rather than patient focused approac h Used for patients incapabl e of solving their problem s Task of a compete nt counsello r Count… ● The patient makes the decision but the counsellor does all he can to get the patient make decision keeping with his diagnosis. ● The counsellor tries to direct the patient’s thinking by informing, explaining, interpreting & advising. ● The basic assumptions related to directive counselling approach: Making the best possible use of counselee' s intellectua l abilities & resources
- 53. I. Directive Counselling Approach Count… Steps of the directive counselling approach ● E.G.Williamson has given the following six steps in providing directive counselling
- 54. I. Directive Counselling Approach Count… Advantages of the directive counselling approach ● This approach save time. ● It emphasizes the problem & not the individual.The counsellor can see the patient more objectively than the patient himself. ● It lays more emphasis on the intellectual rather than the emotional aspects of an individual’s personality. ● The methods used in directive counselling are direct, persuasive & explanatory.
- 55. I. Directive Counselling Approach 55 Count… Limitations of the directive counselling approach ● The patient does not gain any liability for self analysis or solve new problems of adjustment by counselling. ● It makes the counselee overdependent on the counsellor. ● Problems regarding emotional maladjustment may be better solved by nondirective counselling. ● Sometimes the counselee lacks information regarding the counselee, leads wrong counselling. ● It does not guarantee that the counselee will
- 56. II. Nondirective Counselling Approach 56 ● The chief exponent of this counselling approach, Carp R. ● It is also known as the permissive counselling approach where the counselor's role is passive & the counselee’s role is active. ● It is a counselee-centred or patient-centred humanistic approach. ● The counselee makes the final decisions as individuals are thoughts to have full right to make final decisions for the self & solve their problems. ● The counsellor has to accept the counselee’s capacity to make adjustment & adapt.
- 57. II. Nondirective Counselling Approach 57 count… ● The principles of acceptance & tolerance are extremely important in this approach. ● The basic assumptions related to nondirective counselling approach are: ✔ Patient is given importance than the counselling directions & investigations ✔ Emotional aspects are more significant than intellectual aspects. ✔ Creation of an atmosphere where patients can work out their understanding is more important than cultivating self- understanding in the patient. ✔ Counselling leads to a voluntary choice of goals & a conscious selection of courses of action.
- 58. II. Nondirective Counselling Approach count… Steps of the nondirective counselling approach ● Carp R. Rogers given five steps in nondirective counselling: Defining the problem situation Counselee given freedom to express his feeling Termination of counselling 58
- 59. II. Nondirective Counselling Approach 59 count… Advantages of nondirective counselling approach ✔ It is a slow but sure process to make an individual capable of making adjustments. ✔ No tests are used so one avoids all that is laborious & difficult . ✔ It removes emotional block & helps an individual bring repressed thoughts on a conscious level thereby reducing tension.
- 60. II. Nondirective Counselling Approach 60 count… Limitations of nondirective counselling approach ✔ It is a slow & time-consuming process. ✔ One cannot rely upon one’s resources, judgment & wisdom as the patient is immature in making the decision himself. ✔ It depends too much on the ability & initiative of the patient. ✔ Sometime difficulty to control pace of the interview discussion. ✔ This approach is individual centric, it may not possible for counsellor to attend every patient equally well. ✔ It require high degree of motivation in the patient.
- 61. III. Eclectic Counselling Approach 61 ● This approach is based on the fact that all individuals are different from one another. ● The techniques are elective in nature because they have been derived from all sources of counselling. ● This approach is based on selecting the best & leaving out what is least required. ● The basic assumption related to eclectic counselling approach: ✔ There is objectivity & co-ordination between counsellor & the patient during the counselling experience. ✔ The patient is active & the counsellor remains passive in the beginning.
- 62. III. Eclectic Counselling Approach count… ✔ The principle of low expenditure is adopted. ✔ The counsellor makes use of all the tools & methods in his armour. ✔ The counsellor enjoys the freedom to resort to directive & nondirective counselling methods. ✔ The counselling relationship is built during the counselling interview. This helps the patient gain reassurance & confidence.
- 63. III. Eclectic Counselling Approach count… Steps of the eclectic counselling approach Establishing rapport Diagnosis the problem Analyzin g the case Preparing a tentative plan for modifying behavior Counsellin g Follow - up
- 64. III. Eclectic Counselling Approach count… Advantages of eclectic counselling approach ✔ It is more cost effective & practical approach. ✔ It is a more flexible approach of counselling. ✔ It is more objective & coordinated approach of counselling. Limitations of eclectic counselling approach ✔ The role of counsellor & the counselee are not predetermined. ✔ It requires more skilled counselors to handle the dynamic feature of this counselling approach.
- 65. IV. Other types of counselling A) Based on length of the counselling session: •Short-term counselling •Long-term counselling A) Based on number of counselees involved: •Individual counselling
- 66. IV. Other types of counselling count… C) Counselling for educational & professional purposes: Student counselling Educational counselling Vocational counselling Career counselling
- 67. E) Counselling for personal/social purposes: IV. Other types of counselling count… D) Counselling for health-related purposes: Psychotherapeu tic counselling Crisis counsellin g Health counsellin g Genetic counsellin g Personal counsellin g Marriage counselli ng Motivation al counsellin g Development al counselling
- 68. Lets warm up The BIG CHEESE: Be the leader and call up one of the member in the class and assign a simple task. Example: Connie tell everyone with long hair in this platform how they look with their hair style. Then Connie would call another person and assign a different task. Task assigned must be fun and funny.
- 69. Tutorial Week 2 In your opinion, what else would be the characteristics of a counsellor? Why must a counsellor have these characteristics? Explain.