Lecture no. 4
- 1. Diseases: HIV/AIDS, Coronavirus; others diseases
- 2. Definition Disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.
- 3. 1. Infectious diseases 2. Deficiency diseases 3. Hereditary diseases (including both genetic diseases and non-genetic hereditary diseases) 4. Physiological diseases. Diseases can also be classified in other ways, such as 1. Communicable versus 2. Non-communicable diseases. Types of Diseases There are four main types of disease:
- 6. HIV/AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- 7. Progression to AIDS HIV typically turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years. When AIDS occurs, your immune system has been severely damaged.
- 8. The signs and symptoms of AIDS Sweats Chills Recurring fever Chronic diarrhea Swollen lymph glands Persistent white spots or unusual lesions on your tongue or in your mouth Persistent, unexplained fatigue Weakness Weight loss Skin rashes or bumps
- 9. Causes: How HIV spreads Sex Sharing Needles Blood Transfusion Pregnancy Delivery Breast Feeding
- 10. HIV/AIDS: Prevention Use treatment as prevention (TasP). Use post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) if you've been exposed to HIV Use a new condom every time you have sex. Consider preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Tell your sexual partners if you have HIV Use a clean needle. If you're pregnant, get medical care right away Consider male circumcision.
- 12. HIV/AIDS Cancer refers to any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue.
- 13. The signs and symptoms of CANCER Fatigue Lump or area of thickening that can be felt under the skin Weight changes, including unintended loss or gain Skin changes, such as yellowing, darkening or redness of the skin, sores that won't heal, or changes to existing moles Changes in bowel or bladder habits Persistent cough or trouble breathing Difficulty swallowing Hoarseness Persistent indigestion or discomfort after eating Persistent, unexplained muscle or joint pain Persistent, unexplained fevers or night sweats Unexplained bleeding or bruising
- 14. Causes: How HIV spreads Cancer is caused by changes (mutations) to the DNA within cells.
- 15. CANCER: Prevention Stop smoking. Avoid excessive sun exposure. Eat a healthy diet. Exercise most days of the week. Maintain a healthy weight. Drink alcohol in moderation, if you choose to drink. Schedule cancer screening exams. Ask your doctor about immunizations.
- 17. Coronavirus Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
- 19. Early symptoms of COVID-19 Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Muscle aches Chills Sore throat Runny nose Headache Chest pain
- 20. The risk of serious illness from COVID- 19 include: Serious heart diseases, such as heart failure, coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy Cancer Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Type 2 diabetes Severe obesity Chronic kidney disease Sickle cell disease Weakened immune system from solid organ transplants
- 21. Other conditions may increase the risk of serious illness, such as: Asthma Liver disease Chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis Brain and nervous system conditions Weakened immune system from bone marrow transplant, HIV or some medications Type 1 diabetes High blood pressure
- 22. Prevention Avoid large events and mass gatherings. Avoid close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters) with anyone who is sick or has symptoms. Stay home as much as possible and keep distance between yourself and others (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters), especially if you have a higher risk of serious illness. Keep in mind some people may have COVID-19 and spread it to others, even if they don't have symptoms or don't know they have COVID-19. Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Cover your face with a cloth face mask in public spaces, such as the grocery store, where it's difficult to avoid close contact with others, especially if you're in an area with ongoing community spread. Only use nonmedical cloth masks — surgical masks and N95 respirators should be reserved for health care providers.
- 23. Prevention Cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw away the used tissue. Wash your hands right away. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Avoid sharing dishes, glasses, towels, bedding and other household items if you're sick. Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, electronics and counters, daily. Stay home from work, school and public areas if you're sick, unless you're going to get medical care. Avoid public transportation, taxis and ride-sharing if you're sick.
- 24. Some Other Diseases IDS TB Hepatitis Dengue Fever Cholera Ebola Virus Hantavirus Polio, Sadly vaccine Swine Flue
- 25. The End