ntroduction of Signal such as sinosoidal signals, definition of signals
- 1. Signals & Systems Department of ECE Dr. Ajay Kumar Yadav, Assistant Professor
- 2. 01 Course outcomes 02 Text book 03 NPTEL course on the subject 04 Introduction to Signals & Systems 05 What is signals? What is system? Agenda / Contents C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha 03-01-2024 1
- 3. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Course Outcomes (CO) • After completion of the course you will be able to: • CO1: Identify different signals and systems and state their properties for both continuous and discrete domain. • CO2: Apply the concept of impulse response and perform convolution in both continuous and discrete domain, to analyze the LTI systems. • CO3: Perform the spectral analysis of signals using Fourier transform and Fourier series methods. 03-01-2024 3
- 4. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Course Outcomes (CO) • CO4: Analyze discrete-time signals and determine the stability criterion of LTI system using Z-transform. • CO5: Demonstrate the mathematical skills to solve problems involving sampling, filtering, and reconstructing of signals. 03-01-2024 4
- 5. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Brief Syllabus • Unit-1: Introduction: what is signal, what is system, classification of signals, operations on signals, Energy of signals, properties of systems. • Unit-2: Analysis of Signals and systems: Convolution sum, convolution integral, interconnection of systems, impulse response, difference equation, Applications FS, FT, DTFS, DTFT, Properties of FT, Applications 03-01-2024 5
- 6. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Brief Syllabus • Unit-3: Laplace-Transform: Introduction LT, Properties of LT, properties of Laplace-transform, ROC, causality and stability, Applications • Unit-4: Z-Transform Introduction, the Z-transform, properties of Z-transform, ROC, causality and stability, Applications 03-01-2024 6
- 7. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Brief Syllabus • Unit-5: Sampling & Reconstruction of Signals The sampling theorem, Reconstruction of a signal from its samples, Aliasing and its effect, discrete time processing of continuous time signals, Quantization of signals, quantization error. 03-01-2024 7
- 10. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint NPTEL Course • NPTEL: (Dr. Kushal Shah,IISER Bhopal) • https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/106/108106163/ • YouTube Lecture: • https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyqSpQzTE6M8KJ-XQ1m2vl3nd2ZUqKEN8 03-01-2024 10
- 11. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Assignment Rubrics Excellent (8-10) Good (5-7) Need Improvement (<5) Problem Solving Approach is correct Equations are correct. End results are correct. Approach is correct Equations are correct End results are incorrect Approach is correct Equations are incorrect End results are incorrect. Mathematical Analysis Derivation steps are correct Formulation is correct. Derivation steps are partially correct. Formulation is incorrect. Derivation steps are incorrect Formulation is incorrect. Conceptual Clarity Sufficient to solve the complex problem. Justification with exact explanation. Partially correct to solve the complex problem. Justification with exact explanation. No exact idea to solve the complex problem Justification is imperfect 03-01-2024 11
- 12. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint What is a Signal? • “Signal is formally defined as a function of one or more variables that conveys information on the nature of a physical phenomenon” (Simon Haykin) • Examples of signals: • human speech • an email • ECG • weather forecast • stock market index • satellite images of the earth • a space probe etc. • The list of what constitutes a signal is endless. 03-01-2024 12
- 13. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint One Dimensional (1-D) Signal • “Signal is formally defined as a function of one or more variables that conveys information on the nature of a physical phenomenon” (Simon Haykin) • When the function depends on a single variable, the signal is called one dimensional (1-D) • Example: speech signal (amplitude varies with time, based on words spoken, or who speaks it) 03-01-2024 13
- 15. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Multi-dimensional Signal • “Signal is formally defined as a function of one or more variables that conveys information on the nature of a physical phenomenon” (Simon Haykin) • When the function depends on two or more variables, the signal is called multidimensional. • Example: image is a 2-D signal (horizontal and vertical coordinates are the two dimensions) 03-01-2024 15
- 17. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint What is a System? • “System is formally defined as an entity that manipulates one or more signals to accomplish a function, thereby yielding new signals” (Simon Haykin) 03-01-2024 17
- 18. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint What is a System? • There is always a system associated with the generation of a signal • Ex, speech signal is generated by- Lips, Tongue, vocal cord etc. • These constitute a system that generates speech • And another system associated with the extraction of information from the signal • Processing of speech signal: ears, auditory pathways in the brain • These are another kind of systems • In this case, the systems are biological in nature 03-01-2024 18
- 19. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint What is a System? • These systems could also be implemented using electronic systems that try to mimic the biological systems • Ex, automatic speech recognition system • Used to process speech signal to recognize words or phases 03-01-2024 19
- 20. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Important Applications Communication system: • There are three basic elements to each communication system- transmitter, channel, and receiver. • Each of these elements may be viewed as a system with associated signal of its own. 03-01-2024 20
- 21. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Important Applications Control system: • The control of physical systems is wide spread in our industrial society • Aircraft autopilot • Automobile engines • Paper mills • Nuclear reactors • Power plants • Robots etc. 03-01-2024 21
- 22. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Important Applications Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS): • These systems merge mechanical systems with microelectronic control circuits on a silicon chip • Results in smaller, more powerful, less noisy new generation “smart” sensors and actuators • Having broad range of applications in healthcare, biotechnology, automotive, and navigation systems 03-01-2024 22
- 23. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Important Applications Remote sensing: • It is the process of acquiring information about an object of interest without being physically in contact with it • The acquisition of information can be performed by active or passive manner • Active: by sending signal and then processing the received echo • Passive: by processing the signal that is naturally emitted by the object 03-01-2024 23
- 24. www.youtube.com/c/powerupwithpowerpoint Important Applications Biomedical Signal Processing: • Goal is to extract information from a biological signal • Helps us diagnose and treatment of a medical condition • ECG: gives condition of heart functioning • EEG: brain waves for various applications like epilepsy 03-01-2024 24
- 25. Thank You E C E w w w . c g u - o d i s h a . e d u . i n Dr. A K Yadav, Assistant Professor