The document discusses the Google Collections Library for Java. It provides several key features: 1. Immutable collections like lists, sets, and maps that are faster, use less memory, and provide strong immutability guarantees. 2. Multisets that allow duplicates and provide functionality for counting and histogram use cases. 3. Multimaps that allow mapping keys to multiple values, avoiding the need to manually manage lists of values. 4. Other new collection types like BiMaps, ReferenceMaps, and static utility methods to make working with collections more convenient.