Overview of the ifad funded clca project
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1) The IFAD-funded CLCA project aims to develop and test innovative integrated crop-livestock conservation agriculture approaches through participatory research with farmers in Algeria, Tunisia, and Tajikistan. 2) Key achievements include collecting over 1,100 farm surveys, conducting on-station and on-farm trials of stubble grazing and fodder production, and testing conservation agriculture technology packages on over 45 farms across the three countries. 3) The project has also enhanced capacity through over 15 training courses attended by 280 trainees, eight field days reaching 357 farmers, and publications including conference papers, films and posters.
Overview of the ifad funded clca project
- 1. Overview of the IFAD-Funded CLCA Project Integrated Crop-Livestock Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification of Cereal-based Systems in North Africa and Central Asia Hichem BEN SALEM Director DSIPSP ICARDA Focal Point CRP DS Annual Consultation Meeting IFAD - ICARDA Amman October 21-22, 2014
- 2. Outline 2 1. Briefs on Integrated farming systems and CA 2. Presentation of the CLCA project 3. Achievements 4. Strengthening partnership 5. Concluding remarks
- 3. 3 Integrated Crop-Livestock? Production • Farms operating on marginal profit • Economic vulnerability with specialized production • High cost of fuel and nutrients • Pests become greater with monocultures • Yield decline could be overcome with rotation Environment • Nutrient recycling could be improved in both systems (Conventional Agric. and CA) • Conservation of soil and water possible with sod-based management systems
- 4. Why Conservation Agriculture? Soil • better soil structure (OM) • better soil-water dynamics (porosity) • better nutrient recycling (NPK) • improved trafficability Economic advantages Minimal soil disturbance Environmental advantages Stubble retention Crop • early sowing • higher yield potential • savings - time, machinery, fuel Environment • less pollution • less erosion • C sequestration (1%C = 33t/ha) High production, profit, sustainability benefits CA cropping 4
- 5. 5 Global challenges • Can the different components of the farming system (crop, livestock) be efficiently integrated? • Livestock and no-till cropping farms may co-exist? Stubbles • for livestock feeding • to increase OM level in the soil Take ???? Leave ???? • Are the farmers willing to grow forage legumes or change their crop rotation pattern?
- 6. IFAD-CLCA Project – Countries: Algeria, Tunisia, Tajikistan – Period: Jan. 2013- Jan. 2016 (3 years) – Budget: US$ 1,500,000 – Source of Funding: IFAD 6 CLCA project Objective - Through integrated and participatory research with farmers, NARES will develop and test innovative approaches (i.e. reduced tillage) and management (i.e. improved cropping options) options and practices (i.e. residue management through restricted grazing) for the adoption of integrated CLCA by small holder farmers
- 7. 7 Originalities & Challenges Among the originalities • CA introduced for the first time in Tajikistan • Crop-Livestock integration • Crop-Livestock integration under CA • CA in small/medium farms • CA in semiarid areas Challenges • No research data on CA in semiarid areas • No research data on integrated crop-livestock under CA • Target areas experience short and long term drought • Changing rainfall patterns
- 8. Participatory Approach in This Project 8 Communities farmers M’Sila – Setif Chouarnia – Laroussa Rasht Valley Fergana Valley Gissar Valley Research ICARDA INRAT, INAT, ESAM ITGC TRIF, TRISS, TRV, TRIE Donor IFAD Administ. CRDA-Siliana INGC Population Informal local institution Policy makers - Governorate/district - Ministry of Agric. - Etc. 1 5 4 2 3
- 9. Project agenda Part 1 - Understanding and responding to the trade-offs, constraints and opportunities for the adoption of the crop-livestock CA systems in project areas of CWANA Outputs 1. Ex-ante evaluation for CA based technologies in CWANA, proposed activities and milestones 2. Enhanced crop-livestock integration in CA through optimized stubble grazing strategies and increased fodder availability from forages or fodder shrubs 3. Site-specific conservation agriculture technology packages fine-tuned and disseminated for enhanced farm productivity, resource use efficiency and profitability 9
- 10. 10 Project agenda Part 2 - Knowledge management and dissemination Output Enhanced capacity development, co-learning, knowledge and information dissemination in the target areas and across CWANA 4. Enhanced capacity development, co-learning, knowledge and information dissemination in the target areas and across CWANA
- 11. 11 Achievements – Output 1 Ex-Ante evaluation Output 1 Summary Tasks Progress Progress Status -2014 Outputs Ex-Ante Development of baseline data on farming and tillage practices, crop choices, and farmer perceptions, in the target regions. New farm surveys will be conducted using a representative random sample of the farming community including data on crop residue management, feeding strategies, resource flow maps for ex-ante analysis. The survey will cover about 400 farms by country per target area giving a total survey of 1200 farms. Collect relevant secondary data Completed Completed by the countries Design and piloting of household level (farmer) questionnaires Completed Original copy of the questionnaire English (Tajik, Russian, French) translation of questionnaires Completed Questionnaires in English, French, Russian and Tajik are available Recruitment & training of enumerators Completed Several trainings in each platform Pre-test questionnaires Completed - Actual data collection, entry and cleaning (1164 surveys) • Tunisia: 364 • Tajikistan: 400 • Algeria: 400 completed Three databases available on CD Workshop methodological training • Tajikistan team (2 trainees – 1 female) • Algerian team (10 trainees – 7 females) Completed Minutes available 12 trainees (8 females) Preparation of descriptive statistics and reporting Completed Three reports available (one per country) Capacity Building Completed Two reports completed
- 12. 12 Achievements – Output 2: Enhanced Crop-Livestock On-station and on-farm stubble grazing experiments Country 2013-2014 Achievement % Algeria 1 farm 20 % Tunisia 8 farms 60% Tajikistan N/A N/A • Biomass uptake by the animal • Variation of the nutritive value of stubbles • Body weight change • Amounts of feces/urine excreted by the animal
- 13. 13 Achievements – Output 2: Enhanced Crop-Livestock y = -1,594x + 91,842 R² = 0,6883 y = -1,6799x + 90,904 R² = 0,7898 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Yield (%) Sampling day Biomass Conv Agri Biomass CA About 25 days 50% Take half and Leave half – Grazing period 25 days
- 14. 14 Achievements – Output 2: Enhanced Crop-Livestock Grazing strategies will be evaluated with regard to meeting the ewe’s nutritional requirements Country 2013-2014 Achievement % Algeria 2 on station trial 100% Tunisia 4 on station trials 60% Tajikistan N/A N/A Integration and development of integrated crop-livestock under CA • Agronomic package • Soil fertility
- 15. 15 Achievements – Output 2: Enhanced Crop-Livestock The effect of nutrient recycling (fecal excretion) on soil fertility will be assessed Country 2013-2014 Achievement % Algeria 2 on station trials 30% Tunisia 1 on station trial 30% Tajikistan N/A N/A
- 16. 16 Achievements – Output 2: Enhanced Crop-Livestock Fast growing high biomass and quality fodder species will be tested on-station and on-farm for compatibility with annual crops Country 2013-2014 Achievement % Algeria 7 on farm and 1 on station 70% Tunisia 7 on farm -1 on station trials 70% Tajikistan 5 on station 4 on farm trial 70% Vetch, double purpose barley, shrub species (Cactus, Atriplex num., etc.)
- 17. Achievements – Output 3: Fine-tuned CA package Conduct adaptive trials integrating CA technologies (ZT, crop rotations, and stubble management) with weed and nutrient management, and the integration of fodder/grain species in at least 45 on-farm trials (multi-year, 15 initiated in year one and an additional 15 initiated each in years two and three), spread across the three target countries (Tajikistan, Tunisia & Algeria). Country 2013-2014 Achievement % Tunisia 4 on-farm trials 2 on-station trials 60% Algeria 12 on-farm trials 1 on-station trial 80% Tajikistan 10 on-farm trials 30% 17
- 18. Achievements – Output 3: Fine-tuned CA package 18 Country CA Package Status Uptake Algeria Weed control x rotation x Livestock Planting date 100 % Rotation 30 % Fertilizer management 80% Herbicide 50% Livestock management 40% 13 farmers are testing Not ready Tunisia Tillage x rotation x Livestock Planting date 100% Tillage 75% Rotation 20% Fertilizer 80% Herbicide 100% Livestock management 60% 50 farmers are testing Not ready Tajikistan Tillage x rotation Planting date 100% Tillage 10% Rotation10% Fertilizer15% Herbicide 10% Livestock 0% 12 farmers are testing Not ready
- 19. Achievements – Output 4: Enhanced Capacity development 19 • Training courses: 15 courses and 280 trainees • Field days: 8 events targeting 357 farmers • Students: 4 PhDs and 4 undergraduate students • Media: 2 Movies • Movie on no-till drill broadcasted on National TV (Tajikistan) • Publications: 6 conference papers and 1 manuscript (in progress) • 3 Flyers and 2 posters
- 20. Achievements – Output 4: Enhanced Capacity development Training courses Topic Place No Participants Female Outputs Machinery and ZT technologies Algeria 20 0 1 Socio-Economic survey Algeria 23 5 1 Data management and data analysis using Algeria 10 7 1 SPSS Socio-Economic survey Tajikistan 25 10 1 Socio-Economic Jordan 2 1 1 Socio-Economic Algeria 10 7 1 New techniques for sustainable sheep and Jordan 16 3 2 goat production Agro-ecological monitoring Jordan 20 5 2 Alley Cropping Jordan 20 5 2 Feed Assessment Tool - FEAST (Conducted Tunisia 21 14 2 by Jane) FEAST (Conducted by national team) Tunisia 40 0 2 Desgning experimental protocols Tunisia 10 0 2 Weed management, No-till equipment and forage production Tajikistan 26 2 and 3 Crop production under Conservation Agriculture Tajikistan 17 3 3 Crop rotation Tunisia 20 0 3 Total 280 60
- 21. 21 Tradeoffs Item Gains Losses Keeping stubble on soil Soil cover Source of animal feeding Water UE Enhance soil bio-physico and chemio caracteristics Eliminate plowing Time energy More use of herbicides Enhance soil bio-physical and chemical characteristics Rotations Enhance soil bio-physical and chemical characteristics Guaranteed market for cereals Less weeds Less income Less diseases Diversity of food/feed staple Livestock integration Product diversification More labor Crop diversification (forge crops) More time Sub products valorization (bales of straw) Management Risks Manure resource
- 22. 22 Strengthening partnership National and International institutions/Projects • CANA PROJECT (ACIAR, ICARDA, INAT, INGC, INRAT, …) • CRP 1.1 Program • INGC (a network of fields under CA, even in the targeted zone of CLCA) • GIZ and FAO Linkage with IFAD Development Projects • Tunisia – IFAD funded development project in Siliana (CLCA involvement to start in the current cropping season)
- 23. 23 Concluding remarks • This project will be a reference for the integration of crop and livestock under CA context • In the absence of literature data, on-station trials are needed to determine the optimum conditions (e.g. grazing duration and stocking rates) • Two cropping seasons are not enough to move from discovery phase of the technologies/practices (on-station trials) to pilot phase (on-farm trials, 30 or more farms) • Linkage with IFAD or other donors funded projects for the up-scaling phase • Revise the WP2015 as per the comments of SC members and IFAD representative
- 24. Thank you!