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1) The Frontline Extension System conducted technology assessments, demonstrations, and capacity building initiatives through 695 Krishi Vigyan Kendras across India in 2016-17. 2) Activities included 26,029 trials across 26 themes, 182,696 frontline demonstrations on 66,203 hectares of land, and 49,768 training programs attended by 14.21 lakh participants. 3) Initiatives focused on improving access to information, credit, and markets to boost farmers' incomes as targeted by the Indian government's 2016-17 budget.
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- 1. Technology Assessment, Refinement, Demonstration and Capacity building initiatives of the Frontline Extension System Dr. A. Shaik Alauddin, M.Sc.(Ag.), M.B.A, PGDHRM, Ph.D., Professor & Head, Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension, PAJANCOA & RI, Karaikal
- 2. Presently, • The Government of India in its annual budget of 2016-17, for the first time, has indicated a change in policy stance from excessive emphasis on food production towards improving farmers’ income, and has set a target of doubling it by 2022. • In this context, harnessing their potential would require • Improving farmers’ access to information on modern technologies and agricultural practices, • Institutional credit and • Remunerative markets.
- 3. • The frontline extension system has taken up a number of activities through 695 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) spread over in 11 zones of our country, for application of farm technology in farmers’ field during the year 2016-17, • Besides, technology assessment, refinement and demonstrations, the other capacity development initiatives are • Farmers FIRST (FF) • Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture (ARYA), • Climate Resilient Integrated Farming System (CRIFS), • National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), • Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority (PPVFRA) • Registration of farmers’ varieties under Pulses Seed hubs, • KVK Portal, ATICs, etc.
- 4. Since recent times, • The Frontline Extension System - Indian Council Agricultural Research (ICAR) and SAUs, as a part of National Agricultural Research System, has played a vital role by way of technology development, refinement, demonstration and transfer in India. • India’s food grain production for the 2016-17 has set a record 275.68 million tonnes, which is over 4% higher than the previous record production achieved in the country during 2013 14.
- 5. 26,029trials Integrated pest management Integrated weed management Processing and value addition Seed and planting material production Storage techniques Cropping systems Drudgery reduction Farm machineries Integrated crop management Integrated disease management Integrated nutrient management Technology assessment and refinement: During the year 2016-17, • 3,446 technology interventions across • 3,340 locations by laying out 26,029 trials on the farmers field on various crops under different thematic areas Besides varietal evaluation for cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetable crops and commercial crops.
- 6. Frontline demonstrations • During the year 2016-17, Demonstration (No.) Area coverage (ha) Pulses 71,910 (39%) 28,764 Oilseeds 39,514 (22%) 16,928 Other Crops (Cereals, Millets, Commercial Crops, Fiber Crops, Spices, Medicinal Crops, Plantation Crops, Fodder Crops And Horticultural Crops, etc.) 50,579 (27%) 15,214 Total 182,696 (100%) 66,203
- 7. Kharif Rabi Summer Pigeon Pea 4741.8 (1) 83 - Blackgram 2734.6 (2) 1020.2 717.4 Greengram 1973.8 (3) 1375.4 3962.9 (1) Horsegram 228 - - Rajmash 19.12 180 4.45 Mothbean 112 - - Chickpea - 6014.46 (1) - Lentil - 3689.7 (2) - Lathyrus - 88 - Fieldpea - 1819.09 (3) - Total Area 28,764 Area covered under major Pulses FLDs (area in ha)
- 8. Kharif Rabi Demonstrations (NOs) Soyabean 18.66 - Rabi – 23,866 Kharif – 13,539 Summer – 2,109 Sesame 1732.7 (2) 885.6 Rapeseed and Mustard - 5,826.69 (1) Groundnut 5,110.66 (1) 1278.5 (2) Niger 505 - Sunflower 173.6 395 Safflower - 209.0 Linseeds - 1091.28 Total Area 5,788 10,264 39,514 Area covered under Oilseeds FLDs (area in ha)
- 9. Capacity development • As many as 49,768 training programmes were organized wherein • 14.21 lakh farmers / farm women, rural youths and extension personnel participated and benefited. • Among the crop production technologies,
- 10. Farmers and Farm Women 22.55 15.57 14.68 12.05 11.09 8.56 2.40 5.39 2.00 2.40 1.40 Field crops (22.5%) Horticulture crops (15.57%) Plant protection (14.68%) Empowerment of rural women (12.05%) Livestock production and management (11.09%) Soil health and fertility management (8.56%) Farm machinery tools and implements (2.4%) Capacity building and group dynamics (5.39%) Production of input at site (2%) Fisheries (2.4%) Agro-forestry (1.4%)
- 11. Rural Youth: Skill-oriented training courses (6,788 Nos) organized for 1.75 lakh rural youth, Training courses on % Mushroom production 9 Value-addition 8 Integrated Farming 6 Dairy farming 6 Seed production 6 Production of organic inputs 6 Vermin-culture 3 Nursery management of horticulture crops 4 Bee- keeping 4 Protected cultivation of vegetables 3 Repair and maintenance of farm machinery implements 2 Sheep and goat rearing 4 Poultry production 3 Small- scale processing 2
- 12. • Capacity development programmes (4,039 courses) were also conducted for 1.14 lakh extension personnel, out of which 28,614 (25%) were women personnel. These courses were organized for extension functionaries working in all sectors. • Training was imparted in frontier areas of agricultural technologies related to productivity enhancement in • Field crops • Integrated pest management • Integrated nutrient management • Group dynamics and famers’ organization • Management of farm animals • Rejuvenation of old orchards • Livestock feed and fodder production • Protected cultivation technology and • ICT applications for technology transfer Extension personnel:
- 13. Production of technological products • KVKs produced large quantity of technological products like seed and planting materials of improved varieties and hybrids, bio-products and elite species of livestock, poultry and fish • which benefitted 58.81 lakh farmers in the country. • Seeds
- 14. • 47 Agricultural Technology Information Centres (ATICs) in the country served as single window delivery system by providing technology information, advisory services and technology inputs to the farmers. In all, 7.03 lakh farmers visited the ATICs for technological solutions during the year. Agricultural Technology Information Centre:
- 15. Technological Backstopping • The Directorates of Extension (DEEs) of SAUs/CAUs organized 311 capacity development programmes for updating the technical knowledge of 13,995 staff of KVKs. • Besides, DEEs of AUs also organized 767 workshops and meetings for effective implementation of programmes for the staff of KVKs. • The officials of these Directorates made 2,856 visits to the KVKs during scientific advisory committee meetings, field days, technology weeks, workshop/seminar, training programmes, etc. to review and monitor the activities of KVKs in the operational areas of respective Universities. • These Directorates made 2,679 field visits to review and monitor activities at farmers’ fields like on-farm trials, frontline demonstrations, farmer- scientist interaction, exhibitions, etc.
- 16. Besides, these directorates also arranged and provided KVKs Technological products 455 Planting materials 168 Bio products 151 Livestock breeds 73 Livestock products 64 Poultry breeds 82
- 17. Specialized programmes Pre-Kharif and Pre-Rabi Campaigns • As per the guidelines of ICAR pre-kharif and pre-rabi campaigns were organized by 438 KVKs with the participation of 1.69 lakh farmers across the country for better planning and Farmers’ participation ensuring timely flow of knowledge and information, flow of technological inputs and effective crop management strategy. Creation of Pulses seed-hubs • Under the project, seed hubs have been set-up at 97 KVKs for production of quality seeds of major pulse crops. During the year 2016-17, 20,479.30 q seeds of pigeon pea, blackgram, greengram, lentil, chickpea and field pea were produced and made available to farmers.
- 18. Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture (ARYA) • Mushroom production • Backyard poultry management • Vermi-compost production • Bee keeping • Piggery • Large cardamom production • Fisheries • Off- season vegetable production under walk-in tunnel • Cardamom cultivation under protected condition • Pine- apple production • Integrated farming systems • Production of vegetable and fruit nursery • Commercial goat farming etc. • Eight exposure visits were arranged to 327 youth to different enterprise units being managed successfully as training and confidence building measure. • The ARYA project aims at attracting and empowering youth in rural areas to take up agriculture and allied sector enterprises for sustainable income and employment. • During the year 2016-17, under ARYA 930 different enterprise units were established, benefiting 2,467 rural youth in the selected districts related to
- 19. • The Farmer FIRST initiative was launched by ICAR to move beyond production and productivity; to privilege the complex, diverse and risk prone realities of majority of the farmers through enhancing farmers-scientists interface. • In this approach, the farmer will be in a centric role for research problem identification, prioritization, conduct of experiments and its management in farmers’ field conditions. • The Agricultural Extension Division of ICAR, New Delhi has funded 51 FFP (Farmer FIRST Programme) centres under ICAR and SAUs spread over 20 states of India. • The salient technologies demonstrated through Participatory Technology Development (PTD) mode under crop and horticultural modules are nursery management, varietal demonstrations, quality seed production, zero tillage, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). Farmer First Programme
- 20. KVK Portal • KVK portal (kvk.icar.gov.in) was launched to collect and monitor all information related to mandated activities of KVKs at one platform. During the year 2016-17, information on the following were uploaded on the portal by all the KVKs across the country. Events - 33,460 Nos CFLD on Pulses - 336 Nos. CFLD on Oilseeds - 284 Nos. Skill development training in Agriculture • Agriculture Skill Council of India (ASCI) has affiliated 100 KVKs for conducting skill development training in different qualifications packs (QPs) of 100 hour or more duration.
- 21. • In India, three-fourths of the farmers lie at the bottom of land as well as income distribution, and • a majority of them are located in the eastern, central and western regions that are generally deficit in infrastructure, institutions and human capital. • There are prospects of income growth in farming sector through reduction in inefficiency in input use, production, raising cropping intensity and diversification of portfolio in favour of high-value, high-growth enterprises, viz. horticulture, inland fisheries and animal husbandry. • In this context, it is essential to improve complementarities of infrastructure and institutions, which are all actively involved in technology assessment, refinement, demonstration and capacity building of stake holders of agriculture in our country, as the lack of any one of these, may deprive farmers of the benefits of investments in others. To conclude