This document discusses tools and techniques for big data analytics. It begins by defining big data and explaining why big data analysis is important for businesses. It then outlines the characteristics and history of big data, as well as the challenges and phases of big data analysis. The document proceeds to describe several tools and techniques used for big data analytics, including machine learning, natural language processing, and visualization. It provides examples of how these tools and techniques have been applied through case studies of Indian elections, AirBnB, and Shoppers Stop.