Census method and sampling method
- 2. In Statistics or Research Methodology, the basis of all statistical calculations or interpretation lies in the collection of data. There are two methods of data collection. These two methods are the Census method and Sampling method. 2Jyoti Rastogi (Assistant Professor)
- 3. Census method is where all members of the population are studied. A population refers to the set of all observations under concern. For example, if you want to carry out a survey to find out student’s feedback about the facilities of your school, all the students of your school would form a part of the ‘population’ for your study. In our country, the Government conducts the Census of India every ten years. The Census appropriates information from households regarding their incomes, the earning members, the total number of children, members of the family, etc. 3Jyoti Rastogi (Assistant Professor)
- 4. Intensive study 1. It provides intensive and in-depth information covering many facets of the problems. 2. For example: In a population census, Not only the number of persons is counted, but the information is also collected on various other parameters like,- The number of males and females, Age, Education, Marital Status, Occupational level, Income Health Conditions, etc. Results are more accurate and reliable 1. Since in this type of investigation every item of the universe is taken into account, the conclusions are more accurate and reliable. 4Jyoti Rastogi (Assistant Professor)
- 5. Costly method - Since the data are obtained for or from each & every unit of the population, it is a very expensive method of investigation, especially in case of large size of the population. Needs more time and manpower - Since a large volume of data is to be collected, more time and manpower is required for its collection, analysis and interpretation. Not suitable for the large population - This method is meaningless in case of an infinite universe where the number of items is unlimited. 5Jyoti Rastogi (Assistant Professor)
- 6. The population contains units with some similar characteristics on the basis of which they are grouped together for the study. In the case of the Census of India, for example, the common characteristic was that all units are Indian nationals. But it is not always practical to collect information from all the units of the population. It is a time-consuming and costly method. Thus, an easy way out would be to collect information from some representative group from the population and then make observations accordingly. This representative group which contains some units from the whole population is called the sample. 6Jyoti Rastogi (Assistant Professor)
- 7. Economical i.e. Low cost - It is more economical than the Census Method, as the task of collection and analysis of data is limited only to a small sample i.e. a few units of the population. Quick results - In this method, only a few units are analyzed so, we get quicker results. Indispensable Or greater scope - Sampling becomes indispensable where census method is impracticable. Scientific approach - Sampling Method is more scientific than the Census Method as it is possible to determine the extent of reliability of its results. Follow up - Due to the small size of the sample, it is possible to cross-check the data to test the reliability. 7Jyoti Rastogi (Assistant Professor)
- 8. Difficult to achieve cent per cent accuracy. Bias in the selection of sample - In such cases, the selected Sample may not be the best representative of Population. Difficult to select a sample having all the characteristics of the population. The need for specialised knowledge & training. 8Jyoti Rastogi (Assistant Professor)
- 9. Basis Census method Sampling method Nature of enquiry The extensive enquiry is conducted at each and every unit of the population is studied. The limited enquiry is conducted as only a few units of the population are studied. Economy More Time, Money & Labour - It requires a large amount of money, time and labour. Less Time, Money & Labour Relatively less money, time, and labour are required. Suitability It is more suitable if the population is heterogeneous in nature. It is more suitable if the population is homogeneous in nature. Reliability and accuracy Results are quite reliable and accurate under the Census method. The under sampling method results and less reliable because a high degree of accuracy is not achieved. 9Jyoti Rastogi (Assistant Professor)
- 10. Jyoti Rastogi (Assistant Professor) 10 Basis Census method Sampling method Organization and supervision It is very difficult to organize and supervise the census method. The sampling method is comparatively easy to organize and supervise. Verification Under this method results of the investigation cannot be verified. Under this method, results can be tested taking out another small sample. Nature of method Census method is an old method of investigation and it is not a very scientific method. The sampling method is a new and practicable method, It is a scientific method.
- 11. Jyoti Rastogi (Assistant Professor) 11