Learner: Components of Effective Teaching
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The document discusses the components of effective teaching, emphasizing the importance of understanding the learner's needs, learning styles, and theories of learning, such as behaviorism, humanism, and cognitive approaches. Key figures like Ivan Pavlov and Jean Piaget are mentioned, alongside the concept of multiple intelligences. It also outlines various elements that influence a child's learning environment, including physiological, cognitive, and affective components.
Learner: Components of Effective Teaching
- 1. MODULE 2 COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING Lesson 2: The Learner KIMPEE I. BLAHING BSEd Biology – 3rd Yr. 1st Semester 2013
- 2. MODULE 2: COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING Lesson 2: The Learner A.Definition and theories of learning B.Student’s Learning Style C.Theory of Multiple Intelligences
- 3. The Learner is a subject of the schooling process. Without him, the educational system will not exist. The learner is a person who is receiving instruction or lessons from a particular teacher. To make Teaching effective and learning productive, the teacher must now the nature of the child Acero, Victoria, et.al. (2000). Principles and Strategies of Teaching. Rex Bookstore Publishing. Manila, Philippines
- 4. To understand the child teacher must know: •The child is a biological organism with needs, abilities, and goals; •The social and psychological environment; and •The cultural forces of which he is part. Acero, Victoria, et.al. (2000). Principles and Strategies of Teaching. Rex Bookstore Publishing. Manila, Philippines
- 5. Definition and theories of learning Helps explain how people learn, and therefore serves as a guide for classroom teachers Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 6. Definition and theories of learning Behaviorism •Behaviorism also is called traditional learning theory. •Holds that learning is what changes behaviour and thus causes development. •Behaviourists believed that human beings of all ages learn about the world in the same way that other animals do. By reacting to the features of their environments that they find pleasing, painful and threatening Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 7. Definition and theories of learning Behaviorists Ivan Pavlov – Classical Conditioning a kind of learning to which a person or animal learns a response to a stimulus that did not originally elicit that response; after the stimulus is repeatedly associated with another stimulus that does ordinarily evoke the response Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 8. Definition and theories of learning Behaviorism B.F. Skinner – Operant Conditioning is a kind of learning in which a person or animal continues to make a response because the response has been reinforced (strengthened) or stops making the response because it has been punished Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 9. Definition and theories of learning Behaviorism John B. Watson was the first behaviorist to apply stimulus-response theories to the study of child development. Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 10. Definition and theories of learning Behaviorism Edward Thorndike – Connectionism Learning is explained by bond of connections that are formed between the stimulus and response or s-r bond. All mental processes consist of the acquisition of connections between stimuli and response. Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 11. Definition and theories of learning Humanism Humanistic perspective views people as able to take charge of their lives and foster their own development. Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 12. Definition and theories of learning Humanism •Emphasizes people’s potential for positive, healthy development through exercise of the distinctively human capacities for choice, creativity and self-realization. Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 13. Definition and theories of learning Humanism Proponent of Humanism: Carl Rogers according to him, all humans are born with drive to achieve their full capacity and to behave in ways that are consistent with their true selves Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 14. Definition and theories of learning Humanism Proponent of Humanism: Abraham Maslow believed that people strive for self actualization, the ultimate state of personal fulfilment. Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 15. Definition and theories of learning Maslow theorized that all people are motivated to fulfil the hierarchy of needs Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 16. Definition and theories of learning Cognitive Approach Cognitive Learning Theories include: 1. Gestalt Psychology – Insight Theory Advocated the learning by insight. In problem solving and learning situations, a sudden solution is characterized by high understanding, good retention and high transfer Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 17. Definition and theories of learning Cognitive Approach Cognitive Learning Theories include: 1. Gestalt Psychology – Insight Theory In psychotherapy, insightful learning is the illumination or bringing to awareness of motives, relationships, feelings, impulses, etc. Which previously had been poorly understood or of which the subject was totally unaware. Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 18. Definition and theories of learning Cognitive Approach Cognitive Learning Theories include: 1. Gestalt Psychology – Insight Theory In normal individual, insightful learning means the self-understanding and awareness of one’s major motivations, desires and feelings. Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 19. Definition and theories of learning Cognitive Approach Cognitive Learning Theories include: 2. Edward Chase Tolman Purposive Behaviorism •Blending of Gestalt and behaviorism •The chief characteristic of molar behavior (large, intact, meaningful behavior patterns is that it is purposive, it is always directed toward the some goal. Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 20. Definition and theories of learning Cognitive Approach Cognitive Learning Theories include: 2. Albert Bandura – Observational Learning •Also called social learning theory, occurs when an observer’s behavior changes after viewing the behavior of a model. •Holds that learner in particular, learn by observing and imitating models (like their parents, teachers, and other influential persons Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 21. Definition and theories of learning Cognitive Approach Cognitive Learning Theories include: 4. Jean Piaget – Theory of Cognitive Development •Assimilation and accommodation Children must do to learn Conflict must occur for learning to occur •Stages of development - sensory motor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines.
- 22. Student’s Learning Style What is a “learning style”? • “The way that he or she concentrates on, processes, internalizes, and remembers new and difficult information or skills”. –Dr. Rita Dunn, St. John’s University Source: http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
- 23. Student’s Learning Style What is a “learning style”? • “Characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological behaviors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how learners perceive, interact with, and respond to the learning environment”. –James W. Keefe Source: http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
- 24. Student’s Learning Style Learning Style - In Simple Terms • Children learn through a combination of these elements: – Physiological – Cognitive – Affective Conceptual Understanding Source: http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
- 25. Physiological Elements Conceptual Understanding • Physiological elements are primarily biologically-based and vary depending on the learner’s reaction to the physical environment. – Environmental Elements – Emotional Elements – Sociological Elements – Physical Elements. Source: http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
- 26. Cognitive Elements • • • • • • Conceptual Understanding Brain Dominance Conceptual Tempo Mind styles Psychological Differentiation Modality Multiple Intelligences Source: http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
- 27. Brain Dominance What is the way in which the brain analyzes information? •Analytical •Global •Integrated Conceptual Tempo •Impulsive •Reflexive Mindstyles •Concrete Sequential •Abstrate Random Source: http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
- 29. Affective Elements Conceptual Understanding • Affective elements are the motivational forces within a learner typically viewed as stimulating and guiding behavior. –Conceptual Level –Psychological Types Source: http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
- 30. • High Conceptual Level – These students are more independent. They enjoy individual projects, problem solving, and a choice of assignments. • Low – These see environment as fixed and rigid. They are not able to look at alternative solutions to problems. Source: http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
- 31. Psychological Types • Thinker – These learners are more objective and reason logically their decisions. • Sensor – These learners relate best to the real world and concrete experiences. • Feeler – These learners make decisions based more on their emotions and insight than reason. • Intuitor – These learners relate to the world through intuition. They are more global and more apt to dislike detailed work. Source: http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1
- 32. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences For Gardner, intelligence is: the ability to create an effective product or offer a service that is valued in a culture; a set of skills that make it possible for a person to solve problems in life; the potential for finding or creating solutions for problems, which involves gathering new knowledge Source: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/education/ed_mi_overview.html
- 42. REFERENCES: Acero, Victoria, et.al. (2000). Principles and Strategies of Teaching. Rex Bookstore Publishing. Manila, Philippines Acero, Victorina, et.al. (2004). Human Growth, Development, and Learning..Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines. . childrensministry Learning Styles. Retrieved on Saturday 21June 2013 at http://www.slideshare.net/childrensministry/learning-styles?from_search=1 Howard Gardners’s Multipple Intelligence. Retrieved last June 30, 2013 Sunday from http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/education/ed_mi_overview.html Keesee, Gayla. Learning Theories & the Net Generation. Retrieved on Sat 22 June 2013 at http://www.slideshare.net/gskeesee/learning-theories-341414?from_search=1 Salandanan, Gloria G.(2009). Methods of Teaching. Lorimar Publishing,Inc., Metro Manila, Philippines Vera, Veronica. Multiple intelligences. Retrieved last Saturday June 22, 2013 at http://www.slideshare.net/verovera78/multiple-intelligneces-final?from_search=7