Teaching Approaches and Methods
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This document discusses teaching approaches, methods, and techniques. An approach represents underlying beliefs about learning, a method is a systematic lesson plan based on an approach, and techniques are classroom activities consistent with a method. Some key approaches discussed are learner-centered, inclusive, developmentally appropriate, responsive/relevant, research-based, culture-sensitive, contextualized/global, constructivist, inquiry-based/reflective, collaborative, integrative, and spiral progression. Direct/indirect and deductive/inductive are discussed as common teaching methods. The best method depends on factors like teacher/learner readiness and subject matter.
Teaching Approaches and Methods
- 2. APPROACH is a set of assumptions that define beliefs and theories about the nature of the learner and the process of learning.
- 3. METHOD is an overall plan for systematic presentation of a lesson based upon a selected approach (Brown, 1994). Some authors call it design.
- 4. TECHNIQUES are the specific activities manifested in the classroom that are consistent with a method and therefore in harmony with an approach as well (Brown, 1994). Technique is referred also as a task or activity.
- 5. THE TEACHNG APPROACHES OF THE SUBJECTS IN THE K to 12 CURRICULUM
- 6. 1. LEARNER-CENTERED The choice of teaching method and techniques has the learner as the primary consideration – his nature, innate faculties or abilities, how he learns, his development stage, multiple intelligences, learning styles, needs, concerns, interests, feelings and his home and educational background.
- 7. 2. INCLUSIVE No student is excluded from the circle of learners. Everyone is “in”. Teaching is for all students regardless of origin, socio-economic status, gender, ability, and nationality. No teacher favorites, no outcast, no promdi. In an inclusive classroom, everyone feels he/she belongs.
- 8. 3. DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE The tasks required of students are within their developmental stages.
- 9. 4. RESPONSIVE AND RELEVANT This means that your teaching is meaningful. You can make teaching meaningful if you relate or connect your lessons to your students’ daily experiences.
- 10. 5. RESEARCHED-BASED Teaching approach is more interesting, updated, more convincing and persuasive if it is informed by research. Integrating research findings in your lessons keeps your teaching fresh.
- 11. 6. CULTURE-SENSITIVE You are mindful of the diversity of culture in your classroom. You employ a teaching approach that is anchored on respect for cultural diversity.
- 12. 7. CONTEXTUALIZED AND GLOBAL You make teaching more meaningful by putting your lesson in a context. This context maybe local, national and global.
- 13. 8. CONSTRUCTIVIST You believe that students learn by building upon their prior knowledge. This prior knowledge is called a schema.
- 14. 9. INQUIRY-BASED AND REFLECTIVE The core of the learning process is to elicit student-generated questions. A test of your effectiveness in the use of the inquiry- based approach is when the students begin formulating questions, risking answers, probing for relationships, making their own discoveries, reflecting on their findings, acting as researchers and writers of research reports.
- 15. 10. COLLABORATIVE This teaching approach involves groups of students or teachers and students working together to learn together by solving a problem, completing a task, or creating a product.
- 16. 11. INTEGRATIVE An integrative approach can be: a. Intradisciplinary – when the integration is within one discipline. b. Interdisciplinary – when traditionally separate subjects are brought together so that students can grasp a more authentic understanding of a subject under study. c. Transdisciplinary – is integrating your lessons with real life.
- 17. 12. SPIRAL PROGRESSION APPROACH You develop the same concepts from one grade level to the next in increasing complexity. It is revising concepts at each grade level with increasing depth.
- 18. 13. MTB-MLE-BASED (Mother Tongue-based Multilingual Education) Teaching is done in more than one language beginning with the mother tongue. The mother tongue is used as a medium of instruction from K to 3 in addition to it being taught as a subject from Grade 1 to 3.
- 19. RA 10533 – “Starts from where the learners are and from what they already know proceeding from the known to the unknown.”
- 20. DIFFERENT METHODS OF TEACHING 1.Direct and indirect method Direct Method - is teacher-dominated. You lecture immediately on what you want the students to learn without necessarily involving them in the process. Indirect method - is learner-dominated. You give the student an active role in the learning process.
- 21. 2. Deductive and inductive method Deductive method – You begin your lesson with a generalization, a rule, a definition and end with examples and illustrations or with what is concrete. Inductive method – You begin your lesson with the examples, with what is known, with the concrete and with details. You end with the students giving the generalization, abstraction or conclusion.
- 22. DEDUCTIVE AND DIRECT INSTRUCTION Abstract, rule, definition, Experience, examples, generalization, unknown details, known INDUCTIVE AND INDIRECT INSTRUCTION Experience, examples, Abstract, rule, definition, details, known generalization, unknown
- 23. WHICH IS THE BEST METHOD?
- 25. The best method is the method that works, the method that is effective, the method that will enable you to realize your intended outcome.
- 26. The effectiveness of a method is dependent on many factors such as: 1.teachers’ readiness 2. learners’ readiness 3. nature of the subject matter 4. time allotment for a subject
- 27. THANK YOU!