Laboratory safety by dr mahmoud ismail
- 1. LABORATORY SAFETY BY Dr. Mahmoud Ismail MD , CBIC, MBA , TQM , HM , DIC Consultant clinical and Chemical Pathology Consultant Infection Prevention and Control Total Quality Management and Hospital Management specialist 11/01/2019
- 2. Main Topics 1. What’s lab safety? 2. Regulatory agencies for lab safety 3. Safety officer’s duties and responsibilities 4. Hazards in the lab 5. CLSI Recommendation and safety symbols 6. Key elements in lab safety program. 7. Safety equipments 8. Safety plans 9. Safety manual 10.Main safety issues ( fire ,chemical ,electrical ….. Ex 21/01/2019
- 3. Safety is A combination of common sense , good behavior and housekeeping. Good personal behavior & habits such as: 1- Professional conduct . 2- Good Appearance. 3- Frequent hand washing 4. Continues cleaning of lab work area 1. What’s lab safety? 31/01/2019
- 4. Safety responsibility – shared responsibility Employer(safety officer) provide and supervise safety methods, equipment and policies Employee understand and practice established safety procedures notify supervisors of unsafe conditions Bottom line … safety is everyone’s responsibility !!! Safety Awareness 41/01/2019
- 5. Why Is laboratory Safety Important? • TO PREVENT: – adverse health effects from exposure to chemicals or electricity that may kill – exposure to organisms, diseases, etc. in laboratories that may be handicapping • Laboratory Accreditation 51/01/2019
- 6. •OSHA •CLSI (The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) Infection control guidelines •JCAHO/ TJC (The Joint Commission) Hospital accreditation •CAP (College of American Pathologists) Laboratory accreditation •CDC (Centers for Disease Control) U.S. Department of health and Human Services 2. Regulatory Agencies for Safety 61/01/2019
- 7. 3.Employer’s (safety officer) Responsibilities 1. Member of hospital wide safety committee 2. Establish laboratory work methods , safety policies and procedures 3. Provide supervision and guidance to employees. 4. Provide safety information, training, safety supplies like PPE and spill kits 71/01/2019
- 8. 1. Fires 2. Electrical: fire and shock 3. Chemical 4. Explosives 5. Oxidizer material 6. Flammable liquids 7. Corrosives 8. Radioactive materials (not too common these days) 9. Compressed gasses 10. Mechanical: moving machinery 11. Poisons 12 .Biological: HAI microbes, and genetically modified agents 13. Ergonomic: standing, repetitive motion 14. Non classified material 4. Hazards in the lab 81/01/2019
- 9. 1. Never mouth pipetting . 2.Don’t mix potentially infectious material by bubbling air through liquid. 3.Use barrier protections. 4. Hand washes whenever gloves are changed. 5. Use facial protections. 6. Avoid using syringes and recapping. 7. Appropriate disposal of all sharps. 8. Wear protective clothing. 9. Strive to prevent accidental injuries 10. Encourage frequent hand washing 5.CLSI Recommendation and General Safety Rules 91/01/2019
- 10. 11. Minimize spill 12. Decontamination all devices after use 13. Take care of warring sign 14. Use biosafety level 2 whenever possible 15. Inspect and close the tube before centrifugation 16. Use biohazard disposal techniques 17. Never leave infectious material unlabeled 18. Periodically cleanout freezers and ice bags 19. HBV vaccination for all lab staff CLSI Recommendation and General Safety Rules 101/01/2019
- 11. Wear safety goggles when working with chemicals, flames, or heating devices. Safety Symbols 1. Eye Protection 2. Sharp Objects When using needles or other sharp objects always walk with the points facing down. 3. Electrical Safety • Do not place a cord where someone can trip over it. •Never use electricity around water. • Unplug all equipment before leaving the room. 111/01/2019
- 12. Safety Symbols (cont’d) 4. Heating Safety • Tie back hair and loose clothes when working with open flames. • Never look into a container as you are heating it. you have to know the locations of the fire ALARM , when and how to use it. 5.Fire alarm 6.Flammable cabinet you have to know the locations of the Flammable cabinet , what to keep inside 121/01/2019
- 13. Safety Symbols (cont’d) 7.Chemical Safety • Never touch, taste, or smell a chemical unless instructed in the policy . • Transfer chemicals carefully! 8. Hand Safety • If a chemical spills on your skin, notify the supervisor and rinse with water for 15 minutes. With first aid 9.First Aid • you have to know the locations of the first aid when and how to use it. 131/01/2019
- 14. Safety Symbols (cont’d) Red = fire flammable Yellow = instability Blue = health White = specific hazard & personal protection 11.Biohazard • There may be radioactive or biological materials that could possibly be hazards to your health 12. Fire blanket • you have to know the locations of the fire blanket , when and how to use it. 10 NFPA-type labels 141/01/2019
- 15. Safety Symbols (cont’d) To know the locations of the Emergency shower , when and how to use it. 13 Emergency shower 14. Eye wash To know the locations of the eye wash , when and how to use it. 151/01/2019
- 16. Safety Symbols (cont’d) 16. Sharp container To know the locations of the sharp container , how to use and when finish and close it and send to the main waste room To know the locations of the fire extinguisher its numbers in the lab , when and how to use it. 15. Fire extinguisher 161/01/2019
- 17. √ 1. Assign a safety officer with a job description √ 2. Hazards in the lab 3. Safety equipments 4. Mandated safety plans a) chemical hygiene. b) control of exposure to blood borne pathogens c) TB control plan d) Ergonomics. 6. Key Elements In safety Programs 171/01/2019
- 18. 5. Lab safety manuals contain all plans and program policies and procedures. 6. Lab safety programs should meet all the following : A) Proper labeling of chemicals. B ) Types and location of fire extinguishers. C) Electrical equipments. D) Hoods and biosafety cabinet in good working orders. E) Ergonomic issue. F) Handling, disposal of biohazards material 6. Key elements in safety programs (cont’d) 181/01/2019
- 19. 3. SAFETY EQUIPTMENTS 1.Safety showers 2. Eyewash stations 3. Fire blankets 4. Fire extinguishers 5. Spill kits (blood , chemical and mercury ) 6. First aid kits 7. Fume hoods 8. Biosafety Cabinets 9.Chemical storage cabinets 10. PPEs ( personal protective equipment ) 191/01/2019
- 20. 1. Chemical hygiene plan 2. Exposure hygiene plan 3. Cap require TB documented exposure plan 4. Ergonomics. 4. Safety Mandated Plans 201/01/2019
- 21. 1. This plan include listing of responsibility for 1) safety officer 2) employee 3) chemical hygiene officer 2. Determine all types of chemicals inside the lab 3. MSDS 4. Determine content date of expiration and production 5. Hazardous and how to use it 6. Boiling point, vapor pressure, specific gravity, threshold limit values 4.1 Chemical hygiene plan 211/01/2019
- 22. 1. Plan for protection against exposure blood borne 2. Group I all employee exposure to blood borne 3. Group II some of employee exposure to blood borne 4. Group III none of employee exposure to blood borne 4.2. Exposure control plan 221/01/2019
- 23. 1. Identification and isolation of patient at risk 2. Environmental control 3. Appropriate use of protection equipment 4. Education of employee about TB 5. Treatment 4.3 TB control plan 231/01/2019
- 24. 1. Prevention of musculoskeletal risk due to lab work 2.Ergonomic program to protect lab workers 3. Plan for ergonomic and how to follow up plan 4.4 Ergonomics and its plan 241/01/2019
- 25. its better to contain the following : 1. Hospital and LAB scope of services 2. Safety equipment's 3. Sources of hazards in the lab 4. fire prevention and control measures. 5. Chemical safety 6. Electrical safety 7. Radiation safety hazards 8. Compressed gases 5. Laboratory Safety Manual Index 251/01/2019
- 26. 9. Cryogenic materials hazards 10. Mechanical hazards 11.Ergonomic hazards 12.Ultraviolet light protection 13. Hazardous materials and waste training . 14. Safety in microbiology laboratory 15. Accident documentation and investigation 5. laboratory safety manual index (cont’d) 261/01/2019
- 27. 4. FIRE SAFETY The Chemistry of Fire Fire is basically a chemical reaction that involves the rapid oxidation of a combustible material or fuel, with liberation of heat , light and smoke 271/01/2019
- 28. Fire Tetrahedron • Essential elements for fire – Fuel – Heat – Oxygen 281/01/2019
- 29. Classification of Fires Fire are classified into four classes based on the nature of the combustible material and requirements for extinguishment : Class A: ordinary combustible solid materials, such as paper, wood, plastic. Class B: flammable liquids/gases and combustible petroleum products Class C: electrical equipment Class D: combustible/reactive metals, such as magnesium, sodium 291/01/2019
- 30. Class of fire and type of extinguisher 301/01/2019
- 31. 1. Minimize quantities of flammable liquid kept in the laboratory. 2. Do not exceed the maximum container sizes for flammable liquid. 3. Use and store flammable liquids and gases only in well-ventilated areas. 4. Conduct work involving the release of flammable vapors in laboratory fume hood. 5. Use NFPA (national fire protection association) approved flammable liquid 6. Storage cabinet for flammable liquid should be available in the lab Prevention of fire 311/01/2019
- 32. 7. Use portable safety cans, whenever possible, for storing, dispensing and transporting flammable liquid. 8. Clean up spills of flammable liquid carefully . 9. Apply precautions to waste flammable liquid as well a they are still flammable. Prevention of fire 321/01/2019
- 33. Fire safety plan • should include and specify the location of the following : – Evacuation map – Fire alarm pull stations – Extinguishers – Fire blankets – Aggregation points – At least one entrance and exit – Emergency Exit and stairs – code fire phone ext (2222) 331/01/2019
- 34. Fire RACE Rescue - Remove patients from immediate harm Alarm -Pull fire alarm Contain - Close doors and windows Extinguish - Extinguish fire PASS PULL the pin AIM the nozzle Squeeze the handle Swipe side to side 341/01/2019
- 35. BIG fire If large fire 1. Contain 2. Alarm 3. Move to the lab aggregation point If you are trapped 1. close the door firmly 2. open the window 3. if available water inside just pour to the door 4. Alarm 351/01/2019
- 36. Thank you End of first part lecture 1 Reference Clinical Chemistry Principles, Techniques, and Correlations Michael L. Bishop 8th edition 2018 m75is@yahoo.com 361/01/2019