Circular queue

• A circular queue is an abstract data type that contains
a collection of data which allows addition of data at
the end of the queue and removal of data at the
beginning of the queue. Circular queues have a fixed
size.
• Circular queue follows FIFO principle. Queue items
are added at the rear end and the items are deleted at
front end of the circular queue.

Abstract Data Type (ADT)
• An abstract data type (ADT) is a data types where a
data type is defined by its behavior (semantics) from
the point of view of a user of the data, specifically in
terms of possible values, possible operations on data of
this type, and the behavior of these operations.

Example of ADT
• Integers are an ADT, defined as the values …, −2, −1,
0, 1, 2, …, and by the operations of addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division, together
with greater than, less than, etc., which behave
according to familiar mathematics

• Abstract stack, which is a last-in-first-out structure,
could be defined by three operations: push, that
inserts a data item onto the stack; pop, that removes a
data item from it; and peek or top, that accesses a data
item on top of the stack without removal.

• Abstract queue, which is a first-in-first-out structure,
would also have three operations: enqueue, that
inserts a data item into the queue; dequeue, that
removes the first data item from it; and front, that
accesses and serves the first data item in the queue.

Advantages of Circular Queues
• In Circular Queues we utilize memory efficiently.
because in queue when we delete any element only
front increment by 1, but that position is not used
later. so when we perform more add and delete
operation, memory wastage increase. But in CQ
memory is utilized, if we delete any element that
position is used later, because it is circular.

Implementation of Circular Queue
• Step 1: Include all the header files which are used in
the program and define a constant 'SIZE' with specific
value.
• Step 2: Declare all user defined functions used in
circular queue implementation.
• Step 3: Create a one dimensional array with above
defined SIZE (int cQueue[SIZE])

• Step 4: Define two integer variables 'front' and 'rear' and
initialize both with '-1'. (int front = -1, rear = -1)
• Step 5: Implement main method by displaying menu of
operations list and make suitable function calls to
perform operation selected by the user on circular
queue.

Inserting value into the Circular Queue
In a circular queue, enQueue() is a function which is used
to insert an element into the circular queue. In a circular
queue, the new element is always inserted
at rear position. The enQueue() function takes one
integer value as parameter and inserts that value into the
circular queue. We can use the following steps to insert an
element into the circular queue...

Step 1: Check whether queue is FULL.
((rear == SIZE-1 && front == 0) || (front == rear+1))
Step 2: If it is FULL, then
display "Queue is FULL!!!
Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate the function.

Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then check
rear == SIZE - 1 && front != 0
if it is TRUE, then set rear = -1.
Step 4: Increment rear value by one (rear++),
set queue[rear] = value and check
'front == -1' if it is TRUE, then set front = 0.

Deleting a value from Circular Queue
• In a circular queue, deQueue() is a function used to
delete an element from the circular queue. In a
circular queue, the element is always deleted
from front position. The deQueue() function doesn't
take any value as parameter. We can use the following
steps to delete an element from the circular queue...

Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY.
(front == -1 && rear == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is
EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.

• Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then display queue[front] as
deleted element and increment the front value by one
(front ++). Then check whether front == SIZE, if it
is TRUE, then set front = 0. Then check whether
both front - 1 and rear are equal (front -1 == rear), if
it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1'
(front = rear = -1).

Displays elements of a Circular Queue

Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is
EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer
variable 'i' and set 'i = front'.

Step 4: Check whether 'front <= rear', if it is TRUE,
then display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value
by one (i++). Repeat the same until 'i <= rear'
becomes FALSE.
Step 5: If 'front <= rear' is FALSE, then display
'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++).
Repeat the same until'i <= SIZE - 1' becomes FALSE.

• Step 6: Set i to 0.
• Step 7: Again display 'cQueue[i]' value and
increment i value by one (i++). Repeat the same until
'i <= rear' becomes FALSE.

Program to implement Circular Queue
using Array

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define SIZE 5
void enQueue(int);
void deQueue();
void display();
int cQueue[SIZE], front = -1, rear = -1;

void enQueue(int value)
{
if((front == 0 && rear == SIZE - 1) || (front == rear+1))
{
printf("Circular Queue is Full. Insertion not possible");
}

else
{
if(rear == SIZE-1 && front != 0)
rear = -1;
cQueue[++rear] = value;
printf("nInsertion Success!!!n");
if(front == -1)
front = 0;
} }

void deQueue()
{
if(front == -1 && rear == -1)
printf("nCircular Queue is Empty! Deletion is not
possible!!!n");
else {
printf("nDeleted element %dn",cQueue[front++]);
if(front == SIZE)
front = 0;
if(front-1 == rear)
front = rear = -1;
}
}

void display()
{
if(front == -1)
printf("Circular Queue is Empty.");
Else
{
int i = front;
printf("Circular Queue Elements are");
if(front <= rear)
{
while(i <= rear)
printf("%d",cQueue[i++]);
}

• else
• {
• while(i <= SIZE - 1)
• printf("%d", cQueue[i++]);
• i = 0;
• while(i <= rear)
• printf("%d",cQueue[i++]);
• } } }

Circular queue

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Circular queue