GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product and is commonly used to measure the economic health of a country. It is calculated as the sum of consumption (C), government spending (G), business investment (I), and net exports (NX). The Kothari Education Commission of 1964-66 recommended that India allocate 6% of its national income to education to address underfunding issues, but this goal was never achieved. In 2011, India's public spending on education as a percentage of GDP was measured to be only 3.17% according to the World Bank, below the commission's recommendation.