Unit.1.basic web.tech

Web Designing -I
Prof. Ravi S. Patel
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
Ganpat University
Email :
rsp01@ganpatuniversity.ac.in
Mo: 9924197787

Internet is defined as an Information super Highway, to access information over the web.
However, It can be defined in many ways as follows:
Internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks.
Internet uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address.
.
Topic 01: Internet Basic Concepts :
Unit 1. Basic Web Technology
Department of Computer Science, Ganpat University

IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as 110.22.33.114) which identifies a computer
location
A special computer DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to give name to the IP Address so that
user can locate a computer by a name.
For example, a DNS server will resolve a name http://www.amazon.com to a particular IP
address to uniquely identify the computer on which this website is hosted.
Internet Basic Concepts :

Internet is accessible to every user all over the world.

The concept of Internet was originated in 1969 and has undergone several
technological & Infrastructural changes as discussed below:
The origin of Internet devised from the concept of Advanced Research Project Agency
Network (ARPANET).
ARPANET was developed by United States Department of Defense.
Basic purpose of ARPANET was to provide communication among the various bodies of
government.
Evolution of Internet :

Initially, there were only four nodes, formally called Hosts.
In 1972, the ARPANET spread over the globe with 23 nodes located at different
countries and thus became known as Internet.
By the time, with invention of new technologies such as TCP/IP protocols, DNS, WWW,
browsers, scripting languages etc. Internet provided a medium to publish and access
information over the web.
Evolution of Internet :

Internet Services:
Internet Banking
Matrimonial Services
Online Shopping
Online Ticket Booking
Online Bill Payment
Data Sharing
E-mail

Topic 02: URL: ( Uniform Resource Locator)
Every document on the Web has a unique address. This address is known
as Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
A URL is made of up several parts, each of which offers information to the web
browser to help find the page. It is easier to learn the parts of a URL, if you look at the
example URL given below, there are three key parts: the scheme, the host address,
and the file path.
https://mail.google.com/mail

The scheme identifies the type of protocol and URL you are linking to and therefore,
how the resource should be retrieved.
http://
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used to request pages from Web servers and
send them back from Web servers to browsers.
https://
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) encrypts the data sent between the
browser and the Web server using a digital certificate.
URL: ( Uniform Resource Locator)
1. Scheme:

1. Scheme:
ftp://
File Transfer Protocol is another method for transferring files on the Web. While
HTTP is a lot more popular for viewing Web sites because of its integration with
browsers, FTP is still commonly used protocol to transfer large files across the Web
and to upload source files to your Web server.

2. The Host Address
The host address is where a website can be found, either the IP address (four sets of
numbers between 0 and 255, for example 68.178.157.132 ) or more commonly the
domain name for a site such as www.tutorialspoint.com. Note that "www" is not
actually part of the domain name although it is often used in the host address

3. The File Path
The file path always begins with a forward slash character, and may consist of
one or more directory or folder names. Each directory name is separated by
forward slash characters and the file path may end with a filename at the end.
Here index.htm is the filename which is available in html directory:
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/html/index.htm

Topic 03: ISP: ( Internet Service Provider)
With the Internet becoming one of the vital services of our daily routine, the
Internet bill has joined the set of compulsory monthly expenses, including the
electricity bill and the various other taxes. To pay our Internet bill we turn to our
ISP, the company that is responsible for delivering Internet access to our place.
The ISP, short for 'Internet Service Provider', is the company that connects your
personal computer, notebook, tab, PDA, mobile device, game station, etc. to the
Internet. Another name for ISP is IAP, or Internet Access Provider.

ISP: ( Internet Service Provider)
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides Internet access by
using copper, fiber, or even satellite communications to the customer. In this
lesson, we will cover exactly what an ISP is, how the ISP connects customers, and
what type of services the ISPs provide.
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company such as AT&T, Verizon, Comcast, or
Bright House, Idea, that provides Internet access to companies, families, and even
mobile users. ISPs use fiber-optics, satellite, copper wire, and other forms to
provide Internet access to its customers.

The connection between your Internet
enabled device and the global network is
executed through a specific digital data
transmission technology. It represents the
transfer of information packets through an
Internet Protocol route.
According to the method of data
transmission, the Internet access that ISPs
provide to users can be divided into several
types, the most popular of which are:

Dial-up Internet access
This is the oldest method of providing
access to the Internet. It uses a telephone
line to perform a modem-to-modem
connection. For that purpose, the user's
computer is attached to a telephone line
enabled modem device, which dials into
the node of the ISP and starts transferring
data between the servers that store
websites the user wants to see and their
Internet connected device.

Cable Internet
The cable Internet is among the most
preferred methods for providing
residential Internet access. Technically
speaking, it represents a broadband
Internet access method, using the high-
bandwidth cable television network to
transmit data between the global
network and the households.

Wi-Fi Internet
Wi-Fi (from Wireless Fidelity) has become one of the most widely distributed
Internet access methods, with the growing usage of portable computers and
Internet enabled mobile devices, such as smart phones, PDAs, game consoles, etc.
In this sense, it is the most mobile Internet access method, since you are able to use
it everywhere as long as you are located within the scope of coverage, i.e. within
the range of an Internet connected wireless network. Due to its ability to serve
mobile devices, Wi-Fi is used in public places such as airports, hotels and
restaurants to provide Internet access to customers. There are also specialized Wi-
Fi hotspots where the service is either free or paid. Some of the largest cities in the
world are in the process of building Wi-Fi networks that cover all the public places
in the central areas.

Topic 04: Intranet & Extranet :
An intranet is a private network that allows employees and staff in an enterprise
to securely share knowledge and information easily within the company or
organization. Information, tools, directories, and services available on a company’s
intranet are typically unavailable to the general public. The prefix "intra" implies
that an intranet is designed for internal communications only.
An extranet is a private network that leverages internet technology and public
telecommunication system to share part of a business's information or operations
over a secure system with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other
businesses. An extranet is often considered part of a company's intranet that is
extended to authorized users outside of the organization.

Intranet :
Communicate within the business: both top-down and bottom-up by distributing news and
announcements, providing feedback and sharing information
Manage documents and business information: intranets offer a centralized location to
host, search and access vital business content
Enable collaboration: functionality such as team areas, forums, blogs and social tools can
support employees to work together effectively, regardless of their department or location
Support strategic business objectives: these may span improved employee
engagement and morale, embedding a business culture, increasing staff retention or
encouraging better productivity and efficiency

Extranet :
extranets take the concept of an intranet to another level, allowing customers, vendors,
partners or selected third parties access to a company intranet, or selected areas of it.
This can prove extremely valuable in organizations where you need to share information or
confidential data with a third party, by providing a more secure and efficient process than
traditional channels such as email.
For example, an organization can provide extranet access for a supplier to manage ordering,
tracking and inventory management, improving efficiency and lowering business overheads.
In a collaborative industry such as healthcare, extranets can be used to bring together
different care providers or Trusts to share best practice and improve business growth.

Difference between Internet , Intranet & Extranet :
Internet Intranet Extranet
It is a global system of
interconnected computer
network.
It is a private network
specific to an organization
It is a private network that
use public network to share
information with suppliers
and vendors.
No regulated by any
authority.
It is regulated by an
organization
It is regulated by multiple
organization
Thus content in the network
accessible to everyone
connected.
accessible only to members
of organization.
accessible to members of
organization & External
members.

It is largest in terms of
number of connected
devices.
It is small network with
minimal number of
connected devices.
It is bigger network compare
to intranet.
It is Owned by no one. It is Owned by single
organization.
It is owned by single or
multiple organization.
It is means of sharing
information throughout the
world.
sensitive information within
organization.
information within
organization and external
members.

Security is dependent on
number of connected
networked.
Security is enforced via a
firewall
Security is enforced via a
firewall that separates
internet and Extranet
What we are normally using
is internet.
TCS using internal networks
of its business operation.
HP and Intel Using network
for business related
operation.
Internet is unregulated. Intranet is regulated by
organization policies.
Extranet is regulated by
contractual agreement
between organization.

Topic 05: Hypertext Transfer Protocol:
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed,
collaborative, hypermedia information systems. This is the foundation for data
communication for the World Wide Web (i.e. internet) since 1990. HTTP is a generic and
stateless protocol which can be used for other purposes as well using extensions of its
request methods, error codes, and headers.
Basically, HTTP is a TCP/IP based communication protocol, that is used to deliver data
(HTML files, image files, query results, etc.) on the World Wide Web. The default port is
TCP 80, but other ports can be used as well. It provides a standardized way for computers
to communicate with each other. HTTP specification specifies how clients' request data
will be constructed and sent to the server, and how the servers respond to these
requests.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol: PORT 80
Port 80 is one of the most commonly used port numbers in the Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) suite. Any Web/HTTP client, such as a Web browser, uses port 80 to
send and receive requested Web pages from a HTTP server. It manages all HTTP-based
requests that originate from a computer, regardless of the number of requests and
initiating Web clients. Similarly, the HTTP server responds to all requests received at
port 80.
Port 80 is the port number assigned to commonly used internet communication
protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It is the port from which a computer
sends and receives Web client-based communication and messages from a Web
server and is used to send and receive HTML pages or data.

Features of Hypertext Transfer Protocol:
There are three basic features that make HTTP a simple but powerful protocol:
HTTP is connectionless: The HTTP client, i.e., a browser initiates an HTTP request and
after a request is made, the client disconnects from the server and waits for a response.
The server processes the request and re-establishes the connection with the client to
send a response back.
HTTP is media independent: It means, any type of data can be sent by HTTP as long as
both the client and the server know how to handle the data content. It is required for the
client as well as the server to specify the content type using appropriate MIME-type.

Features of Hypertext Transfer Protocol:
HTTP is stateless: As mentioned above, HTTP is connectionless and it is a direct
result of HTTP being a stateless protocol. The server and client are aware of
each other only during a current request. Afterwards, both of them forget
about each other. Due to this nature of the protocol, neither the client nor the
browser can retain information between different requests across the web
pages.

The HTTP protocol is a request/response
protocol based on the client/server based
architecture where web browsers, robots and
search engines, etc. act like HTTP clients, and
the Web server acts as a server.

Client
The HTTP client sends a request to the server in the form of a request method, URI,
and protocol version, followed by a MIME (Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions)
like message containing request modifiers, client information, and possible body
content over a TCP/IP connection.
Server
The HTTP server responds with a status line, including the message's protocol version
and a success or error code, followed by a MIME-like message containing server
information, entity meta information, and possible entity-body content.

Topic 06: World Wide Web:
WWW stands for World Wide Web. A technical definition of the World Wide Web is
: all the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP).
The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging information between computers on
the Internet, tying them together into a vast collection of interactive multimedia
resources.

World Wide Web:

World Wide Web:
WWW works on client- server approach. Following steps explains how the web works:
User enters the URL (say, http://www.dcs.gnu.ac.in) of the web page in the address bar of
web browser.
Then browser requests the Domain Name Server for the IP address corresponding to
www.dcs.gnu.ac.in
After receiving IP address, browser sends the request for web page to the web server using
HTTP protocol which specifies the way the browser and web server communicates.
Then web server receives request using HTTP protocol and checks its search for the
requested web page. If found it returns it back to the web browser and close the HTTP
connection.
Now the web browser receives the web page, It interprets it and display the contents of
web page in web browser’s window.

Topic 07: Search Engine:
Search Engine refers to a huge database of internet resources such as web pages,
newsgroups, programs, images etc. It helps to locate information on World Wide
Web.
User can search for any information by passing query in form of keywords or
phrase. It then searches for relevant information in its database and return to the
user.

Search Engine Component:
Generally there are three basic components of a search engine as listed below:
1. Web Crawler 2. Database 3. Search Interfaces
Web crawler
It is also known as spider or bots. It is a software component that traverses the web to
gather information.
Database
All the information on the web is stored in database. It consists of huge web resources.
Search Interfaces
This component is an interface between user and the database. It helps the user to search
through the database.

Search Engine Working:
Web crawler, database and the search interface are the major component of a search
engine that actually makes search engine to work. Search engines make use of Boolean
expression AND, OR, NOT to restrict and widen the results of a search. Following are the
steps that are performed by the search engine:
The search engine looks for the keyword in the index for predefined database instead of
going directly to the web to search for the keyword.
It then uses software to search for the information in the database. This software
component is known as web crawler.
Once web crawler finds the pages, the search engine then shows the relevant web pages
as a result. These retrieved web pages generally include title of page, size of text portion,
first several sentences etc.

Search Engine Working:
Search Engine Description
Google It was originally called BackRub. It is the most popular search engine
globally.
Bing It was launched in 2009 by Microsoft. It is the latest web-based search
engine that also delivers Yahoo’s results.
Ask It was launched in 1996 and was originally known as Ask Jeeves. It
includes support for match, dictionary, and conversation question.
AltaVista It was launched by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1995. Since
2003, it is powered by Yahoo technology.
Alexa It is subsidiary of Amazon and used for providing website traffic
information.

Topic 08: Web Server & Web Browser:

Web Server:
Web server is a computer where the web content is stored. Basically web server is
used to host the web sites but there exists other web servers also such as gaming,
storage, FTP, email etc.
Web site is collection of web pages while web server is a software that respond to the
request for web resources.
Web server respond to the client request in either of the following two ways:
Sending the file to the client associated with the requested URL.
Generating response by invoking a script and communicating with database

Web Browser & Web Server:

Web Browser & Web Server:
When client sends request for a web page, the web server search for the requested
page if requested page is found then it will send it to client with an HTTP response.
If the requested web page is not found, web server will the send an HTTP
response: Error 404 Not found.
If client has requested for some other resources then the web server will contact to
the application server and data store to construct the HTTP response.

Web Server Architecture:
Web Server Architecture follows the following two approaches:
1. Concurrent Approach
2. Single-Process-Event-Driven Approach.
Concurrent approach allows the web server to handle multiple client requests at
the same time. It can be achieved by following methods:
Multi-process
Multi-threaded
Hybrid method.

Web Server Examples:
Apache HTTP Server:
This is the most popular web server in the world developed by the Apache Software
Foundation. Apache web server is an open source software and can be installed on
almost all operating systems including Linux, UNIX, Windows, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and
more. About 60% of the web server machines run the Apache Web Server.
Sun Java System Web Server
This web server from Sun Microsystems is suited for medium and large web sites.
Though the server is free it is not open source. It however, runs on Windows, Linux
and UNIX platforms. The Sun Java System web server supports various languages,
scripts and technologies required for Web 2.0 such as JSP, Java Servlets, PHP, Perl,
Python, and Ruby on Rails, ASP and Coldfusion etc.

Web Browser:
web Browser is an application software that allows us to view and explore
information on the web. User can request for any web page by just entering a URL
into address bar.
Web browser can show text, audio, video, animation and more. It is the
responsibility of a web browser to interpret text and commands contained in the
web page.
Earlier the web browsers were text-based while now a days graphical-based or voice-
based web browsers are also available. Following are the most common web
browser available today:

Web Browser:
Browser Vendor
Internet Explorer Microsoft
Google Chrome Google
Mozilla Firefox Mozilla
Netscape Navigator Netscape Communications
Corp.
Opera Opera Software
Safari Apple
Sea Monkey Mozilla Foundation
K-meleon K-meleon

Web Browser Architecture:
There are a lot of web browser available in the market. All of them interpret and
display information on the screen however their capabilities and structure varies
depending upon implementation. But the most basic component that all web browser
must exhibit are listed below:
1. Controller/Dispatcher
2. Interpreter
3. Client Programs

Web Browser Architecture:
Controller works as a control unit in CPU. It takes input from the keyboard or mouse,
interpret it and make other services to work on the basis of input it receives.
Interpreter receives the information from the controller and execute the instruction line
by line. Some interpreter are mandatory while some are optional For example, HTML
interpreter program is mandatory and java interpreter is optional.
Client Program describes the specific protocol that will be used to access a particular
service. Following are the client programs tat are commonly used:
HTTP SMTP FTP NNTP POP

Topic 09: Web Pages: Static & Dynamic Web Pages.
Website is a collection of related web pages that may contain text, images, audio and
video. The first page of a website is called home page. Each website has specific
internet address (URL) that you need to enter in your browser to access a website.
Website is hosted on one or more servers and can be accessed by visiting its homepage
using a computer network. A website is managed by its owner that can be an
individual, company or an organization.
Collection of linked web pages on a web server is known as website. There is
unique Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is associated with each web page.
Website:

Web Pages: Static & Dynamic Web Pages.
A website can be of two types:
1. Static Website
2. Dynamic Website

Static Website:
Static website is the basic type of website that is easy to create. You don't need
the knowledge of web programming and database design to create a static
website. Its web pages are coded in HTML.
The codes are fixed for each page so the information contained in the page
does not change and it looks like a printed page.

Dynamic Website.
Dynamic website is a collection of dynamic web pages whose content changes
dynamically. It accesses content from a database or Content Management System
(CMS). Therefore, when you alter or update the content of the database, the
content of the website is also altered or updated.
Dynamic website uses client-side scripting or server-side scripting, or both to
generate dynamic content.
Client side scripting generates content at the client computer on the basis of user
input. The web browser downloads the web page from the server and processes
the code within the page to render information to the user.
In server side scripting, the software runs on the server and processing is
completed in the server then plain pages are sent to the user.

Static & Dynamic Website.
You can often tell if a page is static or dynamic simply by looking at the page's file
extension in the URL, located in the address field of the Web browser. If it is
".htm" or ".html," the page is probably static. If the extension is ".php," ".asp," or
".jsp," the page is most likely dynamic.

Difference Between Static & Dynamic Website.
•In static web pages the theme and content of web pages remained fixed and in
dynamic web pages they changed according to run time.
•Browsing and loading of static web pages are more quicker than dynamic web pages.
•Changing the content in static web pages is a difficult task because you have to
develop and upload a new page while in dynamic web pages server application do this
automatically.

Difference Between Static & Dynamic Website.
•If file extension of a URL is in .htm or .html then it is a static web pages. While if it is
in .php, .asp and .jsp then it is the example of dynamic web pages.
•Static web pages are created through HTML language while dynamic web pages are
created by the usage of PHP, JavaScript and Action script languages.
•Static web pages plan is an easy and cheap method if you wants to create a static
and non updating web pages. While dynamic web pages method is advisable if you
have plan to update the content and material frequently.

Topic 10: Types of Website:
Blog or Personal Website
Business Website
E -Commerce
Business Directory
Question & Answer Website /
Informational
Non Profits and Religious Websites
Online Communities
Forum
Coupon Website
Auction Websites
Knowledgebase / Wiki Websites /
Educational Website
Portal
Photo Sharing Website
News
Search Engine

Internet Forum:
An internet forum is message board where
people can hold conversation by posting
messages.
•A forum can contain several sub forums.
•Each of sub forums may contain a number of
topics.
•Within a forum’s topic, each new discussion
started is called a thread.
•This thread can be replied by as many people
as so wish.
Types of Website:

Blog:
Types of Website:
The term Blog is taken from web log. It is a kind of web
site that is updated regularly, with content about almost
anything. In other words, blog is a Content Management
System (CMS), an easy way of publishing articles on the
internet.
•Write what you know about. For example, if you have
good computer knowledge. You can write what you
know about the subject.
•You can share your experience. You can also write what
you gained from that experience, what you learned.
•Detail your personal research.
•Share your memory of someone.

Types of Website:
E-commerce:
E-Commerce or Electronics Commerce is a methodology of modern business which
addresses the need of business organizations, vendors and customers to reduce cost and
improve the quality of goods and services while increasing the speed of delivery. E-
commerce refers to paperless exchange of business information using following ways.
Electronic Data Exchange (EDI)
Electronic Mail (e-mail)
Electronic Bulletin Boards
Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT)
Other Network-based technologies

Types of Website:
Online Business Brochure / Catalog :
A brochure website is the simplest type of website in terms of functionality. Brochure
websites typically only have a few pages, and will be used by small businesses that
need a simple online presence. For example, a small plumbing company would only
need a brochure website with a homepage displaying contact information, an ‘about
us’ page and perhaps a couple of photos of their work. Their website is like an online
business card for potential customers.

Types of Website:
Portal:
A portal website brings together
information from lots of different
sources on the web. Early examples
include Aol and Yahoo, who offer
emails, forums, search engines and
news all through their homepage.
Portals can also be for internal use in a
school, university or company, allowing
students or employees to access their
emails, alerts and files all in one place.

Types of Website:
Wiki / Informational Website:
A wiki website is one which allows people
to collaborate online and write content
together. The most popular example is
Wikipedia itself, which allows anyone to
amend, add and assess the content of their
articles.

Types of Website:
Social media:
Social media websites are platforms which allow the sharing of images or ideas. They
encourage online interaction and sharing. The most popular social media website
is Facebook, with a staggering 2.07 billion active users. Other social media sites
include YouTube, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn.

Types of Website:
Photo Sharing Websites:
There are web companies like, Flickr.com, Photosite.com, and Google's Picasa. There
could easily be over a hundred such sites that offer free photo sharing paid for by their
online advertising. Also, many digital cameras and photo printers now come with
software enabling mere mortals to create digital photo slide shows and upload them to
the web.

Topic 11. Web Designing Principles :
Websites that are not well designed tend to perform poorly and have sub-optimal
Google Analytics metrics (e.g. high bounce rates, low time on site, low pages per visit
and low conversions). So what makes good web design?
Below we explore the top 10 web design principles that will make your website
aesthetically pleasing, easy to use, engaging, and effective.

Web Designing Principles :
1. PURPOSE
Good web design always caters to the
needs of the user. Are your web visitors
looking for information, entertainment,
some type of interaction, or to transact
with your business? Each page of your
website needs to have a clear purpose,
and to fulfill a specific need for your
website users in the most effective way
possible.

2. COMMUNICATION
People on the web tend to want information quickly, so it is important to communicate
clearly, and make your information easy to read and digest. Some effective tactics to
include in your web design include: organizing information using headlines and sub
headlines, using bullet points instead of long windy sentences, and cutting the waffle.

3. TYPEFACES
In general, Sans Serif fonts such as Arial
and Verdana are easier to read online
(Sans Serif fonts are contemporary
looking fonts without decorative
finishes). The ideal font size for reading
easily online is 16px and stick to a
maximum of 3 typefaces in a maximum
of 3 point sizes to keep your design
streamlined.

4. COLOURS
A well thought out color palette can go a long
way to enhance the user experience.
Complementary colors create balance and
harmony. Using contrasting colors for the text
and background will make reading easier on
the eye. Vibrant colors create emotion and
should be used sparingly (e.g. for buttons
and call to actions). Last but not least, white
space/ negative space is very effective at
giving your website a modern and
uncluttered look.

5. IMAGES
A picture can speak a thousand words, and
choosing the right images for your website
can help with brand positioning and
connecting with your target audience. If you
don’t have high quality professional photos
on hand, consider purchasing stock photos
to lift the look of your website. Also consider
using info graphics, videos and graphics as
these can be much more effective at
communicating than even the most well
written piece of text.

6. NAVIGATION
Navigation is about how easy it is for people
to take action and move around your website.
Some tactics for effective navigation include a
logical page hierarchy, using bread crumbs,
designing clickable buttons, and following the
‘three click rule’ which means users will be
able to find the information they are looking
for within three clicks.

7. GRID BASED LAYOUTS:
Placing content randomly on your web page
can end up with a haphazard appearance
that is messy. Grid based layouts arrange
content into sections, columns and boxes
that line up and feel balanced, which leads
to a better looking website design.

8. “F” PATTERN DESIGN:
Eye tracking studies have identified that
people scan computer screens in an “F”
pattern. Most of what people see is in the
top and left of the screen and the right
side of the screen is rarely seen. Rather
than trying to force the viewer’s visual
flow, effectively designed websites will
work with a reader’s natural behavior and
display information in order of
importance (left to right, and top to
bottom).

9. LOAD TIME:
Everybody hates a website that takes ages
to load. Tips to make page load times more
effective include optimising image sizes
(size and scale), combining code into a
central CSS or JavaScript file (this reduces
HTTP requests) and minify HTML, CSS,
JavaScript (compressed to speed up their
load time).

10: MOBILE FRIENDLY:
It is now commonplace to access websites
from multiple devices with multiple screen
sizes, so it is important to consider if your
website is mobile friendly. If your website is
not mobile friendly, you can either rebuild it in
a responsive layout (this means your website
will adjust to different screen widths) or you
can build a dedicated mobile site (a separate
website optimized specifically for mobile
users).

Prof. Ravi S. Patel
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
Ganpat University
Email : rsp01@ganpatuniversity.ac.in
Mo: 9924197787

Unit.1.basic web.tech

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Unit.1.basic web.tech