Internet and Its Services - what kind of service do access thru the Internet
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The document discusses the history and development of the internet. It describes how the internet originated from ARPANET and grew as organizations connected their networks. It explains how individuals connect to the internet through ISPs and the different types of internet connections including broadband, DSL, cable and satellite. Finally, it outlines some common internet services such as email, social media, browsing the web, and how information can be searched on the world wide web.
Internet and Its Services - what kind of service do access thru the Internet
- 1. Internet and Its Services By. M. Motlhala
- 2. Internet • Network of networks • International network
- 3. History of Internet • Its roots are back from the networking project by the US DoF. • ARPANET was born to link scientific and academic researchers • On realizing the benefit of ARPANET other people started using it and growth was experienced • Organizations started connecting their networks to ARPANET and as such Internet was born
- 4. How Do You Connect To The Internet? • Through ISPs • ISP stands for Internet Service providers • ISPs offer different Internet packages/or services depending on the speed and sometimes the technology you want
- 5. Types of Internet Connection • Broadband – broadband is a wide bandwidth data transmission with an ability to simultaneously transport multiple signals and traffic types – Broadband Internet service truly is the most used form of Internet access because of its high access speeds – It is offered in four different forms, DSL (or Digital Subscriber Line), also fiber-optic, cable, and satellite. – The old dial-up connection is the only non-broadband internet service available
- 6. Types of Internet Connection
- 7. DSL • DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology for bringing high- bandwidth information to homes and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines. xDSL refers to different variations of DSL, such as ADSL, HDSL, and RADSL. ADSL is the most common in Bots. • Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines rather than a conventional voiceband modem can provide.
- 12. Considerations when connecting internet Cost Download and upload speed quota Technology used Technical support Service agreement/Contract
- 13. Some Internet Services/uses There are some services provided by or through Internet: FTP Chat Rooms Instant Messaging VoIP Teleconferencing Tele-Health Social Networking TV Radio e-Commerce (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet. A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer. Real time means that you and the people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time. A chat room is a location in an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other. The use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional health-related education, public health and health administration. o An instant message (IM) is a real-time, text-based communication similar to chat. o IM uses a shared software client between or among two or more people using personal computers, iPhones or other devices. o The communication is done over a network, often the Internet, and may include advanced modes with live voice or video. File transfers are also sometimes allowed but are limited in size. Voice over Internet Protocol also known as Internet Telephony is a category of hardware and software that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for voice calls. It allows for using the Internet to make and receive telephone calls Audio or audio-visual meeting between geographically separated parties linked by telecommunications networks such as telephones or internet It is the use of internet-based social media programs to make connections with friends, family, classmates, customers and clients. Social networking can occur for social purposes, business purposes or both through sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn,
- 14. VoIP • Stands for Voice over Internet Protocol • VoIP is also called Internet Telephony • Is making a telephone call using the Internet technology
- 15. Email It is one of the Internet services just like those described above It is one of the original or first services on the Internet It is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network You use e-mail program to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages. Microsoft Outlook and Outlook Express are two popular e- mail programs. Some web sites, such as MSN Hotmail and Yahoo!, provide free e-mail services
- 16. WWW WWW emerged after the Internet around the 1990s. The 2 term are normally used interchangeably but they actually are not the same thing. It has since grown to be one of the widely used services It consists of world wide collection of electronic documents That is, a linked collection of documents from computers in the Internet It is a virtual network of websites connected by hyperlinks Each electronic document on the web is known as a web page
- 17. WWW A web page can contain text, graphics, audio and video Web pages also have built in connections to other documents known as hyperlinks A hyperlink is an icon, graphic, or text in a document that links to another file, document or object in the WWW.. The World Wide Web is comprised of hyperlinks linking trillions of pages and files to one another. A collection of related web pages and associated items such as documents and pictures is called a web site.
- 18. WWW Hyperlinks An element in an electronic document that links to another place in the same document or to an entirely different document.
- 19. Browsing the Web • You need a computer that is connected to the Internet and that has a Web browser – Web Browser - is an application software that allows users to access and view Web pages. • The widely used web browser are: – Microsoft Internet Explorer – Mozilla Firefox – Google Chrome – Safari
- 20. Browsing the Web • A Web page has a unique address, called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) or Web address. – The home page of the University of Harvard is accessed using the following URL: http://www.harvard.edu/ – Where do you think the page contents or the page is stored when you access it? – A web address consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes the path to a specific Web page or location on a Web page – A URL never contain a space
- 21. Components of a URL
- 22. Browsing the Web
- 23. Browsing the Web • A certain web address corresponds to a certain IP address. • The web site and related information are stored in a computer that act as a server machine. • The server is installed with a server s/w and that computer is finally known as a web server • A Web server is a computer software that delivers requested Web pages to your computer.
- 24. Information Search from the Web • You need a search engine • A search engine is a software program that finds Web sites and Web pages. • Search engines are particularly helpful in locating Web pages about certain topics or in locating specific pages for which you do not know the exact Web Address • Examples of search engines: – Yahoo (www.yahoo.com) – Google (www.google.com)
- 25. Information Search from the Web There are two commonly used types of search engines: Crawler-based search engines - Individual search engines compile their own searchable databases on the web. Examples: Yahoo (www.yahoo.com) Google (www.google.com) Meta-search engines - Meta search engines take the results from all the other search engines results, and combine them into one large listing. Examples of Meta search engines include: Metacrawler (www.metacrawler.com) Dogpile (www.dogpile.com)
- 26. Information search from the Web • Keywords • Phrases - If you're looking for an exact phrase, put it in quotes. Otherwise, you'll come back with huge mixed up results. • Use Basic Math - Broaden or narrow your search efforts by using add and subtract. • Wildcards - You can use "wildcard" characters to throw a broader search net in most search engines and directories.
- 27. Intranet and Extranet • An intranet (intra means within) is an internal network that uses Internet technologies • An extranet is the portion of a company’s network that allows customers or suppliers of a company to access parts of an enterprise’s intranet.
Editor's Notes
- #3: Internet is basically a massive world-wide collection of computers that are connected together or linked together The world-wide network links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, homes, and many other organizations.
- #4: The project was through the defense agency called ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) around the 1960s The U.S. Government was concerned that a nuclear attack on the United States would make military communications impossible ARPA’s goal was therefore to build a network that (1) allowed scientists at different locations to share information and work together on military and scientific projects and (2) could function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster such as a nuclear attack That network, called ARPANET, became functional in September 1969 (this is according to one source), linking scientific and academic researches across the United States
- #14: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet. A newsgroup is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject. Chat Rooms – A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer. Real time means that you and the people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time. A chat room is a location an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other. is a real time Internet communication service that notifies you when one or more people are online and then allows you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat room with them. is the live exchange and mass articulation of information among several persons and machines remote from one another but linked by a telecommunications system. (by Wikipedia) Tele-Health use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional health-related education, public health and health administration. instant messaging programs allow you to have conversations with your friends or just write them a quick note
- #16: Email was one of the original services on the Internet, enabling scientists and researchers working on government sponsored projects to communicate with colleagues at other locations. Today, e-mail is a primary communications method for both personal and business use. In e-mail just like in the postal system there are addresses for both the sender and receiver of the message. An e-mail message must be addressed with the e-mail address of the intended recipient To receive messages you need to have an e-mail address An e-mail address is a combination of a user name and a domain name that identifies a user so he or she can receive Internet e-mail A user name is a unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, which identifies a specific user. Your user name must be different from the other user names in the same domain. In an Internet e-mail address, an @ (pronounced at) symbol separates the user name from the domain name.
- #17: Although many people use the terms World Wide Web and Internet interchangeably, the World Wide Web actually is a service of the Internet.
- #21: A home page refers to the first page that a Web site displays. Similar to a book cover or a table of contents for a Web site, the home page provides information about the Web site’s purpose and content. Often the home page provides connections to other documents, Web pages, or Web sites. HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web to define how messages are formatted and transmitted.
- #22: WWW Basically means the resource you are seeking resides in the World Wide Web (WWW) Protocol The first component of a Web address is the protocol, which is also known as the scheme. The protocol defines how your browser handles the data and what type of connection is established. Common protocols include Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for accessing Web pages or Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS), which is a secure version commonly used on sites that perform e-commerce. Other protocols include the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) used for transferring files and mailto used for sending emails. The protocol is separated from the rest of the Web address by a colon. Domain Name The domain name part of the Web Address is the unique identifier for the website on the Internet. It is usually made up of the name of the website in order to make it easy for visitors to remember. Domain names can be typed in upper or lowercase as they are not case significant. Your browser uses the domain name to look up the IP address of the website, which is then used to make the connection. Domain Extension They are also known as top level domains. The domain extension follows the domain name and is used to denote what type of website it is.This makes it easier to evaluate what type of site it is but since any organization can use any extension this is more of a common practice than hard rule. For example, a government website ends in the extension ".gov" while an education website might end in ".edu." The ".com" extension used to denote a commercial website is one of the most common, but there are also non-profit organizations that use the ".org" extension. The extension is also used to indicate the location of the website such as ".uk" for the United Kingdom and ".fr" for France. This would indicate that an ".org.uk" site is a non-profit organization in the United Kingdom while ".info.ca" is an information site in Canada. Path & Filename The path is the section of the Web Address after the domain extension that indicates to your browser which folder or file to open. Unlike the domain name, the path is case sensitive so "/about.html" is not the same as "/About.html." When no path is specified, the index.html or "Home Page" file is shown. In the Web address "http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/background-checks/address-verification/addresscard.pdf" for example, the path is the "/about-us/cjis/background-check/ " part while "addresscard.pdf" is the filename.
- #24: Multiple web site can be store in one server..
- #27: Keywords. The more narrowed down you can get your Web searches from the beginning, the more successful your Web search usually will be. For example, if you were searching for "coffee", you'd get way more results back than you could use; however, if you narrowed that down to "roasted Arabica coffee", you'd be more successful. These wildcard characters include *, #, and ?, with the asterisk being the most common. Use wildcards when you want to broaden your search. For example, if you are looking for sites that discuss trucking, don't search for truck, search for truck*. This will return pages that contain the word "truck" as well as pages that contain "trucks", "trucking", "truck enthusiasts", "trucking industry", and so on. You can find out more about wildcard searches in my article titled
- #28: An intranet (intra means within) is an internal network that uses Internet technologies. Intranets generally make company information accessible to employees and facilitate working in groups An extranet provides a secure, physical connection to the company’s network. Customers may use the extranet to place and monitor orders electronically, or make payments. Suppliers may check inventory levels of the parts/items they supply to the company, and receive orders and payments from the company