Eba ppt rajesh
- 1. E-Business and Accounting IV Sem B.Com Chapter-2 Hardware and Software for E-Business By Rajesha P Guest Lecturer Department of Commerce GFGC, HSR Layout Bangalore
- 2. INTERNET Internet is a Network of computers, which links many different types of computers all over the world. It is the largest network in the world that connects hundreds of thousands of individual networks all over the world. The popular term for the Internet is the “information highway”. Rather than moving through geographical space, it moves your ideas and information through cyberspace – the space of electronic movement of ideas and information.
- 3. INTERNET To access the Internet, an existing network need to pay a small registration fee and agree to certain standards based on the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Some common definitions given in the past include − • A network of networks based on the TCP/IP communications protocol. • A community of people who use and develop those networks. • A community of people who use and develop those networks.
- 5. INTERNET Co-designer of the TCP/IP networking Protocol
- 6. How to connect to Internet
- 7. Basic Services of the INTERNET • Electronic Mail (E-Mail): Allow user to send a mail (message) to another internet user in any part of the world in a near-real-time manner. • File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Allow user to move a file from one computer to another on the internet. • Telnet: Allow a user to log into another computer somewhere on the internet
- 8. Electronic Mail Email is a rapid and Productive communication tool because: • It is a faster than Paper Mail • Unlike telephone, the person communicating with each other need not to be available at the same time. • Unlike Fax documents, Email documents can be stored in a computer and be easily edited using editing programs
- 9. File Transfer Protocol • Moving a file from a remote computer to ones own computer is known as Downloading. • Moving a file from ones own computer to a remote computer is known as Uploading. • Anonymous FTP site in a computer allows a user to log in with the username of anonymous and password that is user’s Email address. • Anonymous FTP sites are called Publically accessible sites because they can accessed by any user on internet.
- 12. Uses of Internet • On-line communication • Software sharing • Exchange of views on topics of common interests • Posting of information of general interest • Product promotion • Feedback about product • Customer support service • Online journals and magazines https://www.slideshare.net/priyasoni91/the- internet-10511600
- 15. Internet Service Provider (ISP) • A commercial organization with permanent connection to the Internet that sells temporary connections to subscribers. • Examples: • Prodigy, America Online, Microsoft network, AT&T Networks.
- 16. What is WWW? WWW stands for World Wide Web. A technical definition of the World Wide Web is − All the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). • A broader definition comes from the organization that Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee helped found, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): The World Wide Web is the universe of network-accessible information, an embodiment of human knowledge. • In simple terms, The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging information between computers on the Internet, tying them together into a vast collection of interactive multimedia resources.
- 17. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) • The public files on the web servers are ordinary text files, much like the files used by word-processing software. • To allow Web browser software to read them, the text must be formatted according to a generally accepted standard. • The standard used on the web is Hypertext markup language (HTML).
- 18. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) • HTML uses codes, or tags, to tell the Web browser software how to display the text contained in the document. • For example, a Web browser reading the following line of text: <B> A Review of the Book<I>Wind Instruments of the 18th Century</I></B> • recognizes the <B> and </B> tags as instructions to display the entire line of text in bold and the <I> and </I> tags as instructions to display the text enclosed by those tags in italics.
- 19. Addresses on the Web : IP Addressing • Each computer on the internet does have a unique identification number, called an IP (Internet Protocol) address. • The IP addressing system currently in use on the Internet uses a four-part number. • Each part of the address is a number ranging from 0 to 255, and each part is separated from the previous part by period, • For example, 106.29.242.17
- 20. Domain Name Addressing • Most web browsers do not use the IP address to locate Web sites and individual pages. • They use domain name addressing. • A domain name is a unique name associated with a specific IP address by a program that runs on an Internet host computer. • This program, which coordinates the IP addresses and domain names for all computers attached to it, is called DNS (Domain Name System ) software. • The host computer that runs this software is called a domain name server.
- 21. Domain Name Addressing • Domain names can include any number of parts separated by periods, however most domain names currently in use have only three or four parts. • Domain names follow hierarchical model that you can follow from top to bottom if you read the name from the right to the left. • For example, the domain name gsb.uchicago.edu is the computer connected to the Internet at the Graduate School of Business (gsb), which is an academic unit of the University of Chicago (uchicago), which is an educational institution (edu). • No other computer on the Internet has the same domain name.
- 22. Uniform Resource Locators • The IP address and the domain name each identify a particular computer on the Internet. • However, they do not indicate where a Web page’s HTML document resides on that computer. • To identify a Web pages exact location, Web browsers rely on Uniform Resource Locator (URL). • URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser: What transfer protocol to use for transporting the file The domain name of the computer on which the file resides The pathname of the folder or directory on the computer on which the file resides The name of the file
- 23. Structure of a Uniform Resource Locators http://www.chicagosymphony.org/civicconcerts/index.htm protocol Domain name pathname filename http => Hypertext Transfer Protocol
- 24. HTTP • The transfer protocol is the set of rules that the computers use to move files from one computer to another on the Internet. • The most common transfer protocol used on the Internet is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). • Two other protocols that you can use on the Internet are the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and the Telnet Protocol
- 25. How to find information on the Web? • A number of search tools have been developed and available to you on certain Web sites that provide search services to help you find information. • Examples: Yahoo www.yahoo.com Excite www.excite.com Lycos www.lycos.com AltaVista www/alta-vista.com MSN WebSearch www.search.msn.com
- 26. What is Web? • The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing text and graphic images. • It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information. • A collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web site. • The main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link back to is called the site’s home page.
- 27. • Google Chrome • Mozilla Firefox • Internet Explorer • Safari • Opera Mini • Netscape Navigator
- 28. Web Browser A Web Browser is a software application that allows you to retrieve, search for and explore information on the internet. Common browsers include • Internet Explorer • Firefox • Safari • Google chrome • AOL desktop
- 29. Functions of Web Browser To provide the resources or information to the user when asked by them. It processes the user inputs in the form URL (like- http://www.google.com )in the browser and allows the access to that page. URL is used to identify the resources and fetch them from the server and displays it to the client. It allows the user to interact with the web pages and dynamic content like surveys, forms etc. It allows the user to navigate through the complete web page and see its source code in the HTML format. It provides security to the data and the resources that are available on the web that is by using the secure method.
- 30. Web server software A web server program is software that runs on the web site hosting server computer. Its main purpose is to serve web pages, which means it waits for requests from web browsers (also known as clients) and respond by sending the required data back. Software is the main component that implements the E-Commerce services and functionality.
- 31. Cont… • It’s a piece of software that is installed and runs on the server platform (Microsoft XPO<Microsoft NT, UNIX, or some other operating system). • It s used to some other extra functionality such as the URL of the visitor, the length of the visit and the search engine and the key words used to find the site. • Web server software includes website development tools such as HTML, editor and web pages upload support. • Choosing web server software is not an easy task.
- 32. Factors to consider when planning for a web server • High traffic or low traffic web store • Number of visitors per day/month • Maximum number of simultaneous visitors • Bandwidth and availability needed for the expected size, traffic and sales of the site. • Budget and cost effectiveness of the solution • Average no of pages to be viewed in a visit • Number of search queries • Size of the database • Target audience • Size of web pages
- 33. Web Server Hardware Web server hardware is a computer that is used to host an E-commerce website. • A web server is similar to personal computer but will have faster processors and more memory making it much more powerful. • Depending upon the traffic and E-commerce application, the hardware should be selected. • If the number of hit per second is too heavy, then we should select a powerful computer for server.
- 34. Cont… • Managing and maintaining a web server is a very important and hence most of the small and medium sized business companies will pay for hosting instead of maintaining their own server. • When determining what sort of server hardware and software to use we have to consider: Size of the website Purpose of the website Traffic of the website
- 35. Web server hardware requirements of B2B and B2C commerce sites: 24/7 accessibility Reliable servers Backup servers for high availability Efficient and easy upgrade software Security software Database connectivity
- 36. • The amount of storage capacity and the computing power required depend on the volume of the E-commerce transaction to be processed. • In case the less users that is : 5 Concurrent users CPU: 2 x Intel core 2 (2.66 GHZ, 128K cache) RAM: 4GB Minimum database space: 10GB • In case more users 25 Concurrent users: CPU: Quad 2GHz + CPU RAM: 6GB Minimum database space: 10GB
- 37. Role of Web server on the Internet • Web server-the computer or the program- have a vital role on the internet. The server machine hosts (stores) the web site on its hard disk while the server program helps deliver the web pages their associated files like images, flash movies etc to clients (browsers) • The process of loading a web site/page in a web browser starts with the user either entering the URL in the address bar or clicking on a link. You should know that each web page has a unique address (or URL) on the internet; which means the same page cannot exist in two places. • The browser communicates with domain Name server to translate the server name into the corresponding IP address. • The server software now gets to work and work and hunts for the requested web page on the hard disk. On finding the file, it sends a response to the browser. • The server sends a GET request to the web server to retrieve the address it has been given. • The browser reads the HTML, tags and formats the page onto the screen. • Though the request and response might seem time consuming, it actually happens very fast.
- 38. Reference: Internet: Google Textbooks: Skywards publishers, vision publishers, Himalaya publication