CHCDEV001 Power Point 1.pptx
- 2. Confirm Developmental Status • What is it and why learn about it
- 3. Introduction: Confirm Developmental Status • Developmental Psychology – branch of psychology that studies how people change mentally, physically, and socially throughout the lifespan • For every age and stage of life, developmental psychology seeks to explain how multiple factors such as biology, environmental, social, culture, and behavior influence human development through their lifespan. • Along with studying common patterns of growth and change, developmental psychologists look at ways in which people differ in their development
- 4. Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow)
- 5. Domains and stages of development To help provide structure and clarity human development can be organised into Domains and Stages of Life Domains such as • Physical/Biological • Cognitive • Psychosocial Stages of life such as • Pre Natal • Infancy • Early Childhood • Middle Childhood • Adolescence • Younger Adulthood • Adulthood • Middle age • Older Age
- 6. Stages of Life/Development Pre Natal Infant 0-2 years Early Childhood 2-6 years Middle Childhood 6-10 years Adolescent 10-20 years Younger Adult 20 -40 Years Middle Aged 40-65 Years Older Aged 65 years plus Developmental psychology often conceptualize the lifespan in terms of basic stages of development Traditionally, the stages of the lifespan are defined by age, which implies relatively sudden, age-related changes as we move from one stage to the next
- 7. Stages of Life and Development • Most of our physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes, however, occur gradually. • Individual difference will influence when, how and if these changes occur.
- 8. Pre Natal Risks at this developmental phase most often arise from exposure to environmental factors such as Teratogans Period of Zygote This is the first phase of pregnancy, lasting about 2 weeks, from fertilization to implantation in the uterine wall. Period of Embryo This is the second phase of pregnancy, lasting from implantation until week 8. This phase is when the most changes occur and the preliminary foundations for all body structures and organs is developed Period of Fetus This is the final, longest phase of pregnancy & is deemed the “growth & finishing phase”with rapid increases in size. By the end of the 3rd month, external genitals form, along with fingernails, eyelids, & tooth buds. During the 2nd trimester the fetus is large enough for the mother to feel movements, & brain weight increases tenfold . In the 3rd trimester the fetus can feel pain and distinguish voices. More Information
- 9. Infancy 0-2years • During this short span of 2 years, a child's growth is faster and more complex than any other stage in their life • This is one of the most important stages of human development. • This also means that it is a vulnerable time • Many physical milestones occur during this stages an infant gains control over its body. • Typically infants rely on others to meet most of their needs and they learn to trust other people. • At this stage a child is most at risk of Abuse More Information
- 10. Early Childhood 2-6 years • The next stage of human development is childhood, during which children start to explore and develop a sense of independence. Eventually, children learn to make their own decisions and they discover that their actions have consequences. As they learn and grow, they develop a sense of self. • The body growth slows down from the fast paced first 2 years. • Between the ages of 2-6 children gain an average of 7 kilograms and add 250mm in height. As these changes occur, posture and balance improve along with motor coordination. • The brain increases from 70% of its adult weight to 90%. The frontal lobe continues to develop, which helps with planning and organization. • The left hemisphere makes gains in language skills • By age 4, the cerebral cortex has overproduced synapses, allowing preschoolers to improve in skills such as perception, attention, memory, physical coordination, language, imagination, and logical thinking. More Information
- 11. Middle Childhood 6-10 Years • Middle childhood is a time when children improve on already established schemes and capacities, leading to dramatic advances in problem solving and academic learning. • Children of this age are assigned new responsibilities and enter into formal schooling. • Brain development at this stage revolves around specialization and lateralization, and the brain only grows 10% during this time. • There is a considerable increase in white matter, which is made of nerve fibers in the frontal lobe that helps with impulse control, integration of information, strategic thinking, and spacial abilities. • Lateralization increases, which results in more complex and specific abilities. Neurotransmitters and hormones are released at this age, which may affect cognition and behavior. More Information
- 12. Adolescence 11-20 years • Adolescence is the transition between childhood and adulthood. During this stage, children experience full body growth, acquire adult ways of thinking, attain greater independence, develop more mature ways of relating to peers, and begin to construct an identity. This is when a child begins to discover who they are in terms of sexual, vocational, moral, ethnic, religious, and other life values and goals. At this stage an adolescence is most at risk of developing Mental Health issues. Suicide is the leading cause of death for 15-19 year olds. Video The teenage brain More Information
- 13. Early Adulthood 20-40 Years • Early adulthood extends from age 18 to 40 and contains many important milestones. This stage of life generally consists of leaving home, completing education, beginning full-time work, attaining economic independence, establishing a long-term intimate relationship, and starting a family. This time in life is filled with momentous decisions that set the foundation for success and happiness in life. • Body growth is slower than in earlier stages. Once the body reached maximum capacity and efficiency, biological aging begins. This is defined as genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems. Biological aging does vary across body parts and there are many individual differences based on factors such as genetic makeup, lifestyle, living environment, and historical period. More Information
- 14. Middle Aged • Middle adulthood begins around age 40 and ends at age 65. It is marked by narrowing life options, a shrinking future as children leave home, and career paths become more determined. There are wide variations in attitudes and behaviors at this age, as everyone has had their own life experiences. Besides heredity and biological aging, our personal approach to passing years combines with family, community, and cultural contexts affect the way we age. • Physical development in midlife is a continuation of the gradual changes that started in early adulthood but new wrinkles appear on the face, grey hairs pop up, and a less youthful body shape becomes evident More Information
- 15. Late Adulthood 65 years and over. • Late adulthood spans from age 65 to the end of life. • There is a balance of gains (more time, financial independence) and declines ( body function, health, ). • Life events include Retirement, Loss of Family, Empty nest, reduced mobility) • Chronological age is not a perfect indicator of functional age, which is a person's actual competence and performance. • People biologically age at different rates, which causes some people to "seem young" for their age and others to "seem old". At this stage risks are multiple at age 65: 1 in 10 will develop dementia at age 85 this increases to 1 in 4. More Information