Programming Languages
- 2. MACHINE CODE • Program code in binary is known as machine code. • First Generation of Programming Language. • Processor specific 1st Generation Machine Code Binary 100100010111
- 3. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE • Second Generation • Processor specific • Many different assembly languages depending on processor architecture 2nd Generation Assembly Language Mnemonics LOAD #39 ADD &FD3 STORE &32D
- 4. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE • Human readable • 3rd Generation • Lots of languages suitable for different problems • Portable 3rd Generation High Level Language Statements age=10; sum=number1*numb er2
- 5. COMPARING HIGH LEVEL AND MACHINE LANGUAGE Machine Code High Level Languages Processor specific: will work only with the same processor architecture Portable: hardware or processor independent Designed with hardware in mind Designed with a type of problem in mind One to one relationship with machine code and assembly One high level program instruction will be translated to several machine code instructions No translated were needed Need translators to convert to machine code Faster than high level languages and efficient Slow compared to machine code
- 6. WE HAVE A PROBLEM NOW … How communicate with hardware with high level languages …
- 7. TRANSLATORS • A type of system software. • There are three types of translators • Assembler • Compiler • Interpreter High level Assembly code Machine code Compiler or interpreter Assembler
- 8. ASSEMBLER • Converts assembly language into machine code. • Simple conversion as every assembly instruction is translated into one single machine code.
- 9. COMPILER AND INTERPRETER • Convert high level language into machine code. • Complex translation as single high level code may result in many machine code instructions.
- 10. COMPILER • Converts high level language into machine language • Compiled version does not need source code or compiler to run the program • Code can be distributed to customer easily without giving the valuable source code Source code Compiler Object Code • Software problems in the object code is difficult to diagnose
- 11. TRANSLATOR • Translates and execute one line at a time • Uses less memory than a compiler • No object code is produced • Programs run much slower as every line has to be translated
- 12. COMPARE COMPILER AND INTERPRETER Compiler Interpreter Translates whole program once and produce object code Translates line by line at a time Faster run time as the program is already in machine code Slower run time as lines have to be translated before execution Customers cannot see the source code If distributed customers can see the actual code Used for distributed software Used in development