Online assignment learning disabilities
- 1. Online assignment Shamna Beegum.S Reg No:16514300012 Ways of Dealing Learners with Learning Disability in Inclusive Setting Learning disability,otherwise known as learningdisorder,is a term used widelyfor a variety of learningproblems.It is not a problem withintelligence or motivation.Learners with learningdisabilities are notlazy or dumb.They are smart as others.Learningdisabilities are neurologically-based processing problems which canleadto troublewithlearning new informationand skillsand applying them. Types of learning disabilities: The most common types of learning disabilities are problemswithreading,writing,math, reasoning,listening,and speaking.They canalso interfere with higher level skills suchas organization,timeplanning,abstract reasoning,longor short term memoryand attention. Itcan affect an individual's life beyondacademicsand canimpact relationships withfamily,friends and in the workplace.The different types of learning disabilities are Dyscalculia Poorcomprehension of math symbols is a symptom of this learning disability. Person's ability to understand numbers and learn math facts would be so poor. Individuals with this type of learning disability may struggle with memorizing and organizing numbers, have difficulty telling time, or have trouble with counting. Dysgraphia This learningdisability affects a person's handwritingabilityand fine motor skills. Problems may includeillegiblehandwriting,inconsistent spacing,poor spatial planning on paper, poor spelling,and difficulty' composing writing as well as thinkingand writingat the same time.
- 2. Dyslexia This is the learningdisability that affects reading andrelated language-based processing skills.The severitycan differin each individual but can affect reading fluency,decoding, reading comprehension,recall,writing,spelling,and sometimes speech andcan exist along with other related disorders.Dyslexiais sometimes referred to as a Language-Based Learning Disability. Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities A disorder whichis usually characterizedby a significant discrepancybetween higher verbal skills andweaker motor,visual-spatial and social skills.Typically,an individualwith NLD (or NVLD) has trouble interpreting nonverbal cues like facial expressions or body language, and may havepoor coordination. AuditoryProcessingDisorderCAPO) This is a conditionthatadverselyaffects soundtravellingthroughtheear andis processed or interpretedby thebrain.Individuals withAPD donot recognizesubtledifferencesbetween soundsin words,even when thesounds areloud and clearenoughto be heard.They can also find it difficult to tellwheresoundsare coming from,to make sense of theorderof sounds,or to block outcompeting background noises.This condition is also knownas Central Auditory ProcessingDisorder Language Processing Disorder A type of AuditoryProcessingDisorder (APD) in which thereis difficultyattaching meaning to sound groupsthat form words,sentencesand stories.Whilean APD affects the interpretation of all sounds coming intothe brain,a Language Processing Disorder (LPD) relates only to the processing of language.LPD canaffect expressive language and/or receptive language. Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit A disorder that affectsthe understanding of informationthata personsees,or the abilityto draw or copy.A characteristic seenin people with learningdisabilitiessuch as Dysgraphiaor Non-verbal Learning Disability,it can resultin missingsubtle differences in shapesor printed letters,losing place frequently,struggleswithcutting,holding pencil too tightly,or poor eye/handcoordination.
- 3. ADHD A disorder that includesdifficultystayingfocusedandpaying attention,difficulty controllingbehaviorandhyperactivity.AlthoughADHD is not considereda learningdisability, researchindicates that from 30-50percent of children withADHD alsohave a specificlearning disability,andthatthe two conditionscaninteractto makelearningextremely challenging. Dyspraxia A disorder that is characterized bydifficultyin muscle control,which causesproblems with movement andcoordination,languageand speech,andcanaffect learning.Although not a learning disability,dyspraxiaoften exists along withdyslexia,dyscalculia or ADHD. Executive Functioning An inefficiency in thecognitivemanagementsystems of the brain that affectsa varietyof neuropsychological processes such as planning,organization,strategizing,payingattention to and remembering details,and managingtime andspace.Althoughnota learning disability, differentpatterns of weakness in executive functioningare almost alwaysseenin the learning profiles of individuals who havespecific learningdisabilities or ADHD. Memory Three types of memory are important to learning.Working memory,short-term memory and long-term memoryare usedin the processing of both verbal andnon-verbalinformation.If there aredeficits inanyorallof thesetypes of memory,the ability to store and retrieve information requiredto carryouttaskscanbe impaired. Signs andsymptomsof learning disabilities: Preschool signs and symptomsof learningdisabilities Problemsin pronouncingwords Troublein finding the right word Difficultyin rhyming Troublein learningthealphabet,numbers,colours,shapes,daysof theweek
- 4. Difficultyin following directions orlearningroutines Difficultyin controllingcrayons,pencils,and scissors or colouringwithinthelines Troublewithbuttons,zippers,snaps,learningto tie shoes Ages 5-9signs and .symptomsof learningdisabilities Troublein learningtheconnectionbetweenlettersandsounds Disabilityto blendsoundsto make words Confusesbasicwordswhenreading Consistentlymisspellswords and makes frequent reading errors Troublelearningbasic math concepts Difficultyin telling timeandremembering sequences Slow to learn new skills Ages10-13signsandsymptoms oflearningdisabilities Difficultywithreading comprehensionor math skills Troublewithopen-endedtest questionsandwordproblems Dislikes readingandwriting;avoidsreading aloud Spellsthesameworddifferently ina singledocument Poor organizationalskills (bedroom,homework,desk is messyand disorganized) Troublefollowingclassroom discussions and expressingthoughts aloud Poor handwriting . Learningdisability can beeasily identified during the school years.Peoplewith learning disabilitiesusually possessaverageor aboveaverage intelligence.Butthereoftenappearsa gap between theindividual'spotential andactual achievement.Thisis why learning disabilities are
- 5. referredto as "hiddendisabilities"; thepersonlooks perfectly"normal" andseemsto be a very brightandintelligent person,yet maynotbe able todemonstrate theskilllevelexpectedfrom someoneof a similarage. A learningdisabilitycannotbe curedor fixedas it is a lifelong challenge.But ,still,withappropriatesupportandintervention,people withlearningdisabilities can achievesuccessin school,at work,in relationships,andin thecommunity. Ways of Dealing Learners with Learning Disability in Inclusive Setting Enrolling learners withdisabilityin regularclasses wheretheyplay learnandgrow with nondisabledpeers (inclusivesetting)is a challenging task for parents,learners as well as teachers. They are not isolated in such schools but they aretaught as normal children.Inclusive and child- friendly educationshould therefore be seenan approachto school improvement,inclusion is about makingqualityeducationavailableto all.Earlydetection,identificationandintervention are essential forchildren withdisabilities to reach theirfull intellectual,social,emotional and physical potential.Many parents of childrenwithdisabilitieswill need support from child-care, education and health professionals,as theymayfeel insecurewhen raisinga child with a disability.Parentsshould beencouragedto look at their childrenfirst andforemostas children, learn to discover and valuetheir abilities,ratherthanfocusingon the disabilities.Theyshould be empowered to trust,their instincts as parents,while they also mayneed to learnsomebasic techniquesandskills in order to better communicatewiththeir childrenandsupportthem in their development. Many of thedisablingeffects of impairments canbe reduced if childrenhave theopportunity: To interact withfriends,peers and adults in theircommunity. To experience a rangeof environments that minimise theimpact ofimpairment To be taught by parents andteachers whohelpthem to learn new skills. To meet andlearnfrom other people withdisabilitieswhocanbecomerolemodelsandsources of inspiration These turn to be theadvantages of inclusivesetting Teaching learners withlearning disability canbe made ease by breakinglearning into small steps;
- 6. administeringprobes; supplying regular,qualityfeedback; using diagrams,graphics and pictures to augment whattheysayin words; providing ampleindependent,well-designedintensive practice; giving modelinstructionalpractices that theywant studentsto follow; providing promptsof strategiesto use; and Engaging studentsin processtypequestions like"How is the strategy working? Where else might youapplyit?" etc Success forthe student withlearningdisabilitiesrequires a focuson individual achievement, individual progress,andindividual learning.Thisrequires specific,directed,individualized, intensiveremedialinstruction for students whoare struggling.Scaffoldingthesestudents is the most important thingwhen dealing withthem References: 1."NINDS Learning Disabilities Information Page." Learning Disabilities Information Page:NationalInstitute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). 2. "Learning Disabilities and Disorders." : Types of Learning Disorders and Their Signs.
- 7. Online assignment Ways of Dealing Learners with Learning Disability in Inclusive Setting Shamna Beegum.S Reg No: 16514300012