TASK16.pptx
- 2. INDEX Introduction Paper's Unique Properties Advantages of Paper-Based Batteries Materials Science and Design Advancements Applications and Use Cases Environmental Impact and Sustainability Challenges and Future Outlook Conclusion
- 3. ï§A paper battery is a f lexible, ultra-thinenergystorageand production device formed by combining carbon nanotube with aconventional sheetof cellulose-based paper. ï§A paper batteryactsas both a high-energy batteryand super- capacitor , combining two components that are separate in traditional electronics . WHAT IS A PAPER BATTERY?
- 4. GENERAL Li-ION BATTERY â«Generally Li-ion re-chargeable batteriesare used in mobiles,laptopsand mostof theelectronicdevices. â«3 primary functional componentof Li-ion batteryare: 1. -veelectrode(graphite) 2. +veelectrode(cobaltoxide) 3.electrolyte( lithium salt in organic solvent) â«During dischargeand charging, lithium ions Li+ carry the current from the negative to the positive electrode and vice-versa respectively, through the non-aqueouselectrolyte .
- 5. Disadvantages of Li-Ion âą EXPENSIVE -- 40% more than NiCd. âą DELICATE -- battery temp must be monitored from within (which raises the price), and sealed particularly well. âą REGULATIONS -- when shipping Li-Ion batteries in bulk (which also raises the price). Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material
- 6. WHY TO USE PAPER BATTERY? â«Ultra-thin size & flexiblestructure. â«Exhibits propertyof super-capacitor(22F-36F pergram) â«Operating temperature(-75 to 100 degree celsius) â«provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy. â«Cost-effective.
- 7. â« Carbon nanotube is the main concept behind paper battery â« Carbon nanotubes (CNTs; also known as buckytubes) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element â« CNTs exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient thermal conductors. â« Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family. The diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers Their name is derived from their long, hollow structure with the walls formed by one-atom-thick sheets of carbon, called graphene. These sheets are rolled at specific and discrete angles, and the combination of the rolling angle and radius decides the nanotube properties CARBON NANOTUBES
- 8. Graphene structure Rolled at angle Spinning Carbon Nanotube CARBON NANOTUBE
- 9. CONSTRUCTION OF PAPER BATTERY â«CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel (SS) substrates with a solution based process. â« Theconcentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL. â«A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer was formed after drying the CNT ink on the SS substrate at 80 °C for 5 min.This film is then peeled off from substrate. â«These films act as electrodes of paper battery. â« one film is pasted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and the other film is pasted toelectrolyte LCO (LiCoO2). â«Paper is sandwiched between twoelectrolytes LTO and LCO with PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride) acting as glue.
- 11. MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF LAYERS
- 12. STRUCTURE OF PAPER BATTERY
- 13. WORKING 1.Whilea conventional batterycontains a numberof separatecomponents, the paper battery integrates all of the batterycomponents in a single structure, making it moreenergyefficient. 2.Traditional Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal. 3.paper battery produces electrons due to the interaction of electrolytes LTO & LCO. 4.Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal during discharging. 5.Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.
- 14. âąThe flexible batterycan functioneven if it is rolled up, folded orcut. âąWecan get 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the sizeof a postage stamp. âą"If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's 500 times thevoltage. If we rip the paper in half wecut power by 50%. So wecan control the powerand voltage issue." âąBecause the battery consists mainly of paper and carbon, itcould be used to powerpacemakerswithin the body whereconventional batteries posea toxic threat. ADVANTAGES
- 15. APPLICATIONS
- 16. Paper battery offers future power ïThe black pieceof papercan powera small light. ïFlexiblepaper batteriescould meet theenergy demandsof the nextgenerationof gadgets. ïTheambition is to produce reamsof paperthatcould oneday poweracar. ïThe paper batterywas aglimpse into the futureof power storage.
- 17. Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) Carbon nanotube is an allotrope of carbon. Allotropy is nothing but different structural modifications of an element. CNTs exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient thermal conductors.
- 18. Development In August 2007, a research team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute led by Dr. Robert Linhardt, Professor of Biocatalysis and Metabolic Engineering Pulickel M. Ajayan, professor of materials science and engineering, Omkaram Nalamasu, professor of chemistry with a joint appointment in materials science and engineering) developed the paper battery. Senior research specialist Victor Pushparaj, along with postdoctoral research associates Shaijumon M. Manikoth, Ashavani Kumar, and Saravanababu Murugesan, were co-authors and lead researchers of the project. Other co-authors include research associate Lijie Ci and Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center Laboratory Manager Robert Vajtai.
- 19. Limitations of Li-ion Battery Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and current within safe limits. Subject to aging, even if not in use - storage in a cool place at 40% charge reduces the aging effect. Transportation restrictions - shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory control. This restriction does not apply to personal carry-on batteries. Expensive to manufacture - about 40 percent higher in cost than nickel-cadmium. Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material
- 20. Why To Use Paper Battery? Ultra-thin size & flexible structure. Exhibits property of super-capacitor(22F-36F per gram) Operating temperature(-75 to 100 degree celsius) provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy. Cost-effective.
- 21. Basic Structure Cathode: Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Anode: Lithium metal (Li+) Electrolyte: All electrolytes (incl. bio electrolytes like blood, sweat and urine) Separator: Paper (Cellulose)
- 22. CONSTRUCTION CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel (SS) substrates with a solution based process. The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL. A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer was formed after drying the CNT ink on the SS substrate at 80 °C for 5 min.This film is then peeled off from substrate. These films act as electrodes of paper battery. one film is pasted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and the other film is pasted to electrolyte LCO (LiCoO2). Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO and LCO with PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride) acting as glue.
- 24. Microscopic View of the Layers
- 25. Structure ELECTRODE CNT LAYER LTO LAYER PAPER LAYER LCO LAYER CNT LAYER ELECTRODE
- 26. Working While a conventional battery contains a number of separate components, the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single structure, making it more energy efficient. Traditional Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal. Paper battery produces electrons due to the interaction of electrolytes LTO & LCO. Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal during discharging. Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.
- 27. Advantages Biodegradable & Non Toxic Reusable & Recyclable Durable Rechargeable No Leakage & Overheating Very Light Weight & Flexible
- 28. Limitations & Disadvantages It would not be logical only to ponder over the miraculous properties and applications of Paper Batteries .Things need to be discussed at the flip side as well. Following are some of them: Have Low Shear strength: They can be torn easily. The Techniques and the Set-ups used in the production of Carbon Nanotubes are very Expensive and very less Efficient. These are: Arc discharge Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Laser Ablation Electrolysis When inhaled, their interaction with the Microphages present in the lungs is similar to that with Asbestos fibers, hence may be seriously hazardous to human health.
- 29. Applications Smart cards and tags Enhanced Printed Circuit Board(PCB) Electronic games and entertainment devices Medical Sciences: in Pacemakers for the heart, in Artificial tissues (using Carbon nanotubes)in Cosmetics, Drug-delivery systems, in Biosensors, such as Glucose meters, Sugar meters, etc. Automobiles and Aircrafts: âą in Hybrid Car batteries âą in Long Air Flights reducing Refueling âą for Light weight guided missiles âą for powering electronic devices in Satellite programs
- 30. Conclusion Standing at a point in the present where there canât be a day without power, Paper Batteries can provide an altogether path- breaking solution to the same. Being Biodegradable, Light-weight and Nontoxic, flexible paper batteries have potential adaptability to power the next generation of electronics, medical devices and hybrid vehicles, allowing for radical new designs and medical technologies. However, commercial applications may be a long way away, because nanotubes are still relatively expensive to fabricate.