task 1.pptx
- 1. ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM DESIGN USING VLSI FOR POWERING WIRELESS SENSOR NODES -VIJAYSATHAPPAN M
- 2. CONTENTS • Introduction • Wireless Sensor Nodes Overview • Energy Harvesting Technologies • Energy Harvesting System Components • VLSI in Energy Harvesting Systems • VLSI Design Considerations • Energy Harvester Design • Power Management Circuit • Energy Storage System
- 3. CONTENTS • Powering Wireless Sensor Nodes • Case Studies • System Integration and Performance • Future Trends • Conclusion • References
- 4. INTRODUCTION •Energy harvesting is the process of capturing and converting ambient energy from sources like solar, wind, vibrations, or heat into electrical power. It plays a crucial role in powering wireless sensor nodes by providing sustainable and self-sufficient energy, eliminating the need for batteries, and enabling continuous and autonomous operation.
- 5. •Energy harvesting captures ambient energy (solar, wind, vibrations, heat) and converts it into electrical power. It is crucial for powering wireless sensor nodes, ensuring autonomous operation without battery replacement. This sustainable approach extends sensor node lifespan and enhances their efficiency in various applications.
- 6. BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF VLSI IN ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEMS. • VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) plays a crucial role in energy harvesting systems by integrating various components onto a single chip. VLSI technology allows the design and implementation of highly efficient power management circuits, analog-to-digital converters, and sensor interfaces. It enables the miniaturization of energy harvesting modules, reducing power losses and maximizing energy conversion efficiency. Additionally, VLSI facilitates the integration of low-power microcontrollers, wireless communication modules, and energy storage elements, optimizing the overall performance of energy harvesting systems and enabling their seamless integration into compact and energy-efficient wireless sensor nodes.
- 7. • The application of VLSI in energy harvesting systems is widespread and diverse. Some notable applications include: 1.Wireless Sensor Networks: 2. Wearable Devices 3. Internet of Things (IoT) Devices 4. Environmental Monitoring 5. Structural Health Monitoring: 6. Smart Agriculture
- 8. WIRELESS SENSOR NODES OVERVIEW • Wireless sensor nodes are compact devices equipped with various sensors, communication modules, and often energy harvesting capabilities. They are designed to monitor, collect, and transmit data from the surrounding environment or specific objects without the need for wired connections. These nodes play a critical role in various applications, such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, healthcare, smart cities, and agriculture.
- 9. WIRELESS SENSOR NODES OVERVIEW • Key components of wireless sensor nodes include: 1.Sensors 2.Microcontroller 3.Wireless Communication 4.Energy Source 5.Power Management Circuitry 6.Data Processing and Storage 7.Housing and Enclosure
- 10. APPLICATION • Environmental Monitoring • Industrial Automation • Smart Agriculture: • Structural Health Monitoring: • Healthcare and Medical Monitoring • Smart Cities • Home Automation • Wildlife Tracking • Disaster Management
- 11. WIRELESS SENSOR NODES OVERVIEW • Applications of wireless sensor nodes include environmental monitoring (air quality, water quality, weather), structural health monitoring, asset tracking, home automation, healthcare monitoring, smart agriculture, and many others. They offer the advantages of easy deployment, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to create large sensor networks that can cover extensive areas and provide real-time data for decision-making and analysis. As advancements in technology continue, wireless sensor nodes are becoming more sophisticated, capable, and integrated into various aspects of our daily lives and industries.
- 12. CHALLENGES • Powering wireless sensor nodes comes with several challenges that need to be addressed for successful and sustainable deployment: 1.Energy Harvesting Efficiency 2. Power Consumption Optimization 3. Limited Energy Storage 4. Energy Harvesting Variability 5. Compact Design 6. Environmental Conditions 7. Scalability and Maintenance 8. Cost 9. Security:
- 13. ENERGY HARVESTING TECHNOLOGIES • Energy harvesting technologies harness different sources of ambient energy and convert them into electrical power. Here's an overview of various energy harvesting technologies: • Solar Energy Harvesting • Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting
- 14. • Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting RF (Radio Frequency) Energy Harvesting • Wind Energy Harvesting • Tidal and Wave Energy Harvesting
- 15. PROS AND CONS OF EACH TECHNOLOGY. 1.Solar Energy Harvesting: • Pros: • Abundant and renewable energy source. • Suitable for a wide range of applications and environments. • Cons: • Efficiency can be affected by weather conditions and obstructions. • Requires a larger surface area to generate significant power. 2.Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: • Pros: • Efficient at converting mechanical vibrations into electricity. • Suitable for applications with frequent mechanical movements, such as wearable devices or industrial machinery.
- 16. • Cons: • Limited energy output from low-frequency vibrations. • Mechanical fatigue over time may reduce performance. • Less effective in static environments with minimal vibrations. 3.Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting: • Pros: • Can harvest energy from a variety of sources, including vibrations and electromagnetic fields. • Cons: • Requires close proximity to electromagnetic sources or strong vibrations for efficient energy harvesting. 4.Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting: • Pros: • Suitable for applications with temperature gradients or waste heat. • Long operational life with minimal moving parts.
- 17. • Cons: • Lower efficiency compared to other energy harvesting methods. • Limited power output, suitable for low-power applications. 5.RF (Radio Frequency) Energy Harvesting: • Pros: • Low-cost and easy to implement in small devices. • Works in areas with RF signals present, such as urban environments. • Cons: • Lower energy density in typical environments. • Efficiency depends on the strength of available RF signals. 6.Vibration Energy Harvesting: • Pros: • Efficient energy conversion from vibrations to electricity. Cons: • Limited energy output from low-amplitude vibrations. • Performance may degrade over time due to mechanical fatigue.
- 18. 7.Wind Energy Harvesting: Pros: • Suitable for remote areas with sufficient wind resources. Cons: • Requires specific wind conditions to generate significant power. 8.Motion Energy Harvesting: Pros: • Harvests energy from human motion, making it suitable for wearable devices. Cons: • Limited energy output from small and infrequent motions. • Efficiency depends on the user's activity level. • Not suitable for applications with minimal hum
- 19. 9.Thermal Energy Harvesting: • Pros: • Suitable for low-power applications with temperature variations. • Harvests waste heat, promoting energy efficiency. • Cons: • Lower efficiency compared to some other energy harvesting technologies. 10.Tidal and Wave Energy Harvesting: • Pros: • Renewable and predictable energy source. • Cons: • High setup and maintenance costs for offshore installations. • Environmental impact and navigational concerns in marine ecosystems.
- 20. ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM COMPONENTS • Energy Harvester: The energy harvester is the core component of the system responsible for capturing ambient energy from sources such as solar radiation, mechanical vibrations, thermal gradients, or electromagnetic fields. • Power Management Circuit: The power management circuit is essential for efficiently regulating and converting the energy harvested by the energy harvester. • Energy Storage Element: An energy storage element, such as a battery or supercapacitor, is used to store excess energy harvested by the energy harvester during peak energy generation. • Wireless Sensor Node: The wireless sensor node includes the various sensors, microcontroller, wireless communication module, and other components necessary to collect data from the environment, process it, and wirelessly transmit it to a central gateway or receiver.
- 23. VLSI IN ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEMS