Ch 4.3 Syntax
- 1. English Language Unit 1 Did you know? The first English dictionary was published in 1604.
- 2. Learning intention: Explore and develop an understanding of syntax and sentences. Success criteria: Able to: - explain what syntax means; - identify the main and subordinate clauses in a sentence - identify sentence types
- 5. Syntax the way words are arranged in a sentence, clause or a phrase word order affects meaning the two essential parts of any English sentence are: the subject (the person /thing the sentence is about), the predicate (what is written/said about the subject) sentences are made up of clauses and phrases
- 6. Activity Do Q 4.3.1
- 7. Activity 4.3.1 - Solution Identity the verb (v), the subject (s) and then the rest of the predicate (x) 1. Angus threw the letter away. 2. The speeding car swerved around the corner. 3. She made a beautiful pavlova. 4. The people at the convention were amazing.
- 8. Syntax – Clause Structure Two types of clause structures ◦ main / independent ◦ subordinate / dependent Main clauses can stand on their own as a sentence. Subordinate clauses can not stand alone Identify the main and subordinate clause in this sentence. The girl screamed because she saw a ghost.
- 9. Syntax – Subordinate Clauses Two types – Relative and Adverbial ◦ Relative clause describes a noun it relates to is always introduced by a relative pronoun (who, which, that) relates the clause to the noun in the main clause Can you find the relative clause? The man who did the painting is over there.
- 10. Syntax – Subordinate Clause ◦ Adverbial clause answers the questions of how, when, where and why about the verb As she entered the room the girl screamed because she saw the ghost. the girl screamed – main clause As she entered the room – subordinate and adverbial clause – answers when because she saw the ghost – tells why she screamed
- 11. Activity Do Q 4.3.2
- 12. Activity 4.3.2 - Solution Divide each of these complex sentences into a main clause and a subordinate clause. 1. When we got to the airport the plane had gone. 2. The little boy hurried through his dinner so he could have his dessert. 3. Before we finish, we must complete this one.
- 13. Syntax – Sentence Structure Four sentence structures ◦ Simple ◦ Compound ◦ Complex ◦ Ellipsis
- 14. Syntax – Sentence Structure There are four sentence structures: 1. Simple sentences only have one clause The dog jumped over the fence. 2. Compound sentences are ◦ made up of two or more simple sentences, and ◦ joined by a conjunction or separated by a comma, semi-colon or colon She had her car serviced and bought new
- 15. Syntax – Sentence Structure 3. Complex sentences ◦ are made up of a main clause + one or more subordinate clauses As she entered the room the girl screamed because she saw the ghost.
- 16. Syntax – Sentence Structure 4. Ellipsis ◦ the omission of words from a sentence because they appear elsewhere, or they can be worked out from the context For example, Got it?
- 17. Syntax – Sentence Types Four sentence types ◦ Declarative sentences that state facts ◦ Imperative commands or sentences that give orders or requests ◦ Exclamative sentences that express a strong feeling or emotion ◦ Interrogative questions or sentences that ask for an answer
- 18. Homework Activities 4.3.3 and 4.3.5 Syntax and sentence structure worksheets
- 19. 1) Explain what syntax means. 2) List the 4 sentence types. 3) How can the subordinate clause in a sentence be identified? 4) Name a learning strategy you used today