Project Calico provides a layer 3 network implementation for scalable datacenter deployments using minimal packet encapsulation for better resource usage and a simple yet powerful network stack. Calico can be deployed in Docker using a Docker network plugin to provide routing and advanced network policy for containers. The document provides steps to configure Docker with Calico networking by downloading the Calicoctl binary, configuring access to an etcd cluster, and launching the Calico node container.