Codesign Athens Course Gentes
- 1. FUTURE CHALLENGES IN SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Co-Design: Shaping the future of ICT technologies and services Isabelle Demeure - Computer Sciences and Networks Annie Gentès - Economics and Social Sciences page 1 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 2. Preamble: lecture objective We: • An expert in media design (Annie Gentès) • An expert in distributed computer systems (Isabelle Demeure) Have been collaborating on projects involving the design of new software infractructures and innovative services Consequently, we have developed a co-design interdisciplinary approach. This lecture: • Defines design in the ICT field • Presents Transhumance, a French government funded project in which we developed a new software infrastructure and innovative services • Uses Transhumance as a case study to expose the co-design approach • Concludes on the effectiveness of this approach page 2 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 3. Design in the ICT field page 3 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 4. Design definition (s) page 4 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 5. Design(s) Common Points Specificities Techniques and materials Medias Industrial production process Contents and messages Costs and market issues Symbolic signs (linguistic and Legal aspects iconic) Forms (aesthetics) Interactions Ergonomics Social Status media culture and communication strategy page 5 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 6. Inventing Communicating Digital Objects Simondon - internal consistency Simon - external consistency - environmental « feed back » Medias/ tools that shape - actions and interactions - access to information and legitimacy signes processes - Forms of communication and enunciation representations (aesthetics) Intellectual technologies that modify Communication strategies languages and knowledge page 6 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 7. Communicating object : challenging theoretical models on technical objects The technical object : purposes, functions, environment • To pursue internal consistency of the technical object (Simondon, Du mode d’existence des objets techniques) • To develop the functions and systemic coherence with the environment (Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial) Between technical and social dimensions : a specific milieu • Media anticipate literacy and create new forms • Users always interpret and rewrite what is offered to their literacy (Yves Jeanneret) • Art is in the eye of the beholder (Duchamp) page 7 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 8. Outline of Transhumance Project The goal of the Transhumance project was to design a software platform (middleware) to support innovative services in the context of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (aka MANet) 1- MANet ? 2- Transhumance platform 3- Demonstrator: a teasure hunting game « Team exploration » 4- Co-design methodology 5- Analysis and conclusions page 8 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 9. MANet ? user1 user2 user3 user5 user4 page 9 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 10. MANet: Mobile Adhoc Network A MANet is a self configuring network of mobile nodes connected by wireless links • A node is at the same time a terminal ... And a router Consequences : • You may spontaneously form a network of terminals without user1 user2 user3 preexisting infrastructure • But • Communications may be user5 user4 interrupted • Terminals may become isolated • You cannot rely on centralized servers to deliver services page 10 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 11. MANet gaming potential Spontaneous network: mobile groups and lose registration Hop structure: new relation to space Localized contents and action No geo-localization but a network topology A GF D B page 11 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 12. Three main promises of MANet technology A new form of sociability based on physical proximity and loose procedure of admission A new organization of contents related to mobile times and spaces A gamut of MANet games suggestions • MANET games depend on the variety of urban mobility and sociability page 12 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 13. Transhumance platform page 13 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 14. Transhumance project challenges and objectives Design and prototype a middleware Tresor hunting game platform (team exploration) • Over Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANet) • To support spontaneous collaborative Applications (Chat,games, …) applications API • Involving up to 20 PDAs, with wifi cards in ad-hoc mode. Middleware Main challenge: topology evolves and nodes may become out of reach. OS, Routing (OLSR) Consequences • Client/server model not adapted • Cannot rely on node reachability Middleware key aspects: • Fully distributed solution • Event communication and data sharing robust to disconnections • Presence service, group management (collaboration) « MANet » • Lightweight security mechanism page 14 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 15. Main Transhumance services Communication system supporting messages with life duration (persistency). User group with common interest ... In support of collaboration. • Security provided at group level (not individuals) • Services made available within a group Lightweight security mechanism based on trust shared by group members Data sharing space where group members may place their data to share them Multi-user chat, voting service, presence service, service discovery Energy management system that allows to degrade the functions of Transhumance in order to lengthen battery life. page 15 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 16. State of the art No commercial solution available About 10 research projects, such as: ex : PROEM, JMobiPeer, SELMA, XMIDDLE, STEAM, Infoware … None proposes an integrated solution including all Transhumance functionalities Functionalities reused Strong points Group management Energy management Event system (“publish- Lightweight MANet fit security subscribe”) mechanism Resource discivery (presence, No servers services, data) Robust to disconnections (event Data sharing service, data sharing) page 16 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 17. Functional architecture Applications R Services Data sharing Application E Chat, Vote ... managemen S S t U O Service File P U services Announce/discovery transfer S E R E R C C V E Gestion Event service U I des R M groupes Transport I S I A T Augmented routing O N Y communications Routing N A G T Identity, presence, hw, Presence management ... Identification Terminalmanagement User managemt Hardware and Data, global Local User Security software policies policies preferences profile page 17 profiles Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 18. Demonstrator: a treasure hunting game « Team exploration » page 18 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 19. Demonstrator: a compromise ... Both a demonstrating object • .... and a way to communicate on innovative technical aspects of the project A game: • ...interest, attractivity, gameplay A way to mature technical aspects • ... as well as a way to integrate a new technology in users practice ... An object that should trigger reactions from users • ... as well as from researchers … in any case • ... Not a finished product !!!! page 19 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 20. page 20 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 21. 4- Codesign methodology page 21 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 22. Co design Approach Design the demonstrator and the platform in parallel 2 kinds of actors: ICT specialists and media specialists • Mix competences to a point (social and semiotical analyses, platform technical specifications). Cross their vues to: • Encourage analysis and explicitation of choices • Come up with ideas of new functionalities. From two sources: technical research, design research (families of objects, similarity in situations and interfaces, history of media, services and interfaces…) • Include new and traditional literacy of users • Develop a demonstrator that is seamfully designed so as to explicit the cultural and technical choices • Develop a creative evaluation based on a wide range of expertise and hands on tests This in spite of the difficulties generated by interdisciplinarity: - Background, vocabulary, practices ... Often very different from one area to another page 22 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 23. Co-design methodology in waterfall research projects user scenarii Demonstrator Specifications & interface design Requirements Demonstrator documents design Platform Demonstrator Specifications prototype & interface Platform Demonstrator design Design Tests Creative Platform evaluation xxx Phase in which media and prototype ICT specialists cooperate Platform xxx Phase by ICT specialists Tests page 23 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 24. Seamful design of the demonstrator The demonstrator has To show the fact that even though there is no network infrastructure people are connected or have been connected: tree of connections To manage the tension between the dispersal of players and their bunching together while creating the game board: the map To provide tools that contribute to the proof of concept but also make sense in the game scenario: chat, vote system To provide an application that leads people to move, communicate, and share data: the treasure hunt scenario page 24 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 25. How to assess an emerging technology? A specific object: the demonstrator. Neither a produce nor a prototype A specific “open” design: to help us imagine, define, materialize the technology A specific question: what is the potential of this technology A specific assessment: creative assessment based on users involvement and imagination page 25 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 26. Five step creative assessment Discovery and explanation of the device and technology First interview on users’ habits: drawing the user’s portrait Manipulation and use of the interface: explicit on going comments- the thinking aloud method Evaluation of the experience Exploration of potential use page 26 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 27. conclusion page 27 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies
- 28. page 28 Telecom ParisTech Future challenges in sciences and technologies