Claytronics | Programmable Matter | PPT
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The document discusses claytronics, an emerging field integrating nanotechnology and robotics to create programmable matter through tiny robots called catoms. These catoms can form structures and change attributes like color and shape, enabling dynamic 3D displays and potentially transformative applications in medicine, disaster relief, and entertainment. Research at Carnegie Mellon and Intel is focusing on the development of software and hardware to enable these capabilities, emphasizing communication and power distribution among vast networks of catoms.
Claytronics | Programmable Matter | PPT
- 2. INTRODUCTION How can a material be intelligent by being made up of particle-sized machines? The idea is simple: make basic computers housed in tiny spheres that can connect to each other and rearrangethemselves. Each particle, called a Claytronics atom or Catom, is less than a millimeter in diameter.With billions you could make almost any object you wanted. Use large numbers of nano-scale robots to create synthetic reality. Catoms, or Claytronics Atoms, are also referred to as 'programmable matter'. Catoms are described as being similar in nature to a nanomachine, but with greater powerand complexity. While microscopic individually, they bond and work together on a largerscale. Catoms can change their density, energy levels, state of being.
- 3. CLAYTRONICS Dynamic 3-dimensional display of information Modular Robotics Computer Science Systems Nanotechnology CLAYTRONICS
- 4. WHAT IS CLAYTRONICS ? Claytronics is an emerging field of engineering,drawing on nano technology and computer engineering. This combines modular robotics, systems nanotechnology and computer science to create the dynamic, 3-Dimensional display of electronic information known as Claytronics. Billions of microscopic robots working together in a vast network to build 3D objects that can change color, feel solid to the touch, can be molded and changed into almost anything. Claytronics or programmable matter refers to an assemblage of tiny components called claytronic atoms or Catoms, which could assume the form of any object, depending on the programmes controlling the Claytronics. Coined at Carnegie Mellon University by Seth Goldstein and Todd C. Mowry during the last decade.
- 5. CATOM Catoms: the robotic substrate of the Claytronics project Bands of electro-magnets provide locomotion Infrared sensors allow for communication Metal contact rings route power throughout ensemble
- 6. HARDWARE The catoms need to able to communicate with each other in an ensemble and be able to compute state information, possibly with assistance from each other. Fundamentally, catoms consist of a CPU, a network device for communication, a single pixel display, several sensors and a means to adhere to one another. Claytronics hardware operates from macro scale designs with devices that are much larger than the tiny modular robots that set the goals of this engineering research. Hardware >>
- 7. Electrostatic latches model a new system of binding and releasing the connection between modular robots, a connection that creates motion and transfers power and data while employing a small factor of a powerful force. Hardware>> Electrostatic Latch Cube employ electrostatic latches to demonstrate the functionality of a device that could be used in a system of lattice-style self-assembly at both the macro and Nano-scale.
- 8. Giant Helium Catoms provide a larger-than-life, lighter- than-air platform to explore the relation of forces when electrostatics has a greater effect than gravity on a robotic device, an effect simulated with a modular robot designed for self-construction of macroscale structures. Planar catoms test the concept of motion without moving parts and the design of force effectors that create cooperative motion within ensembles of modular robots. Planar Catom v8 Hardware >>
- 9. ELECTRODES ARE PLACED RADIALLY ONTHE CATOM SURFACE.
- 10. THE MOTION PROFILE OF A CATOM MOVING ALONGTHE ENSEMBLE
- 11. ROLE OF MOORE’S LAW Moore's law is the observation that, over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on circuits doubles approximately every two years.
- 12. SOFTWARE In the Carnegie Mellon-Intel Claytronics Software Lab, researchers address several areas of software development: Programming Languages Researchers in the Claytronics project have also created Meld and LDP. Meld is a programming language designed for robustly programming massive ensembles. LDP which stands for Locally Distributed Predicates, provides a means of matching distributed patterns.
- 13. CAPABILITIES OF CATOMS Computation Researchers believe that catoms could take advantage of existing microprocessor technology. Given that some modern microprocessor cores are now under a square millimetre, they believe that a reasonable amount of computational capacity should fit on the several square millimetres of surface area potentially available in a 2mm-diameter catom. Motion Although they will move, catoms will have no moving parts. This will enable them to form connections much more rapidly than traditional microrobots, and it will make them easier to manufacture in high volume. Catoms will bind to one another and move via electromagnetic or electrostatic forces, depending on the catom size.
- 14. Power Catoms must be able to draw power without having to rely on a bulky battery or a wired connection. Under a novel resistor-network design the researchers have developed, only a few catoms must be connected in order for the entire ensemble to draw power. When connected catoms are energized, this triggers active routing algorithms which distribute power throughout the ensemble. Communication Communications is perhaps the biggest challenge that researchers face in designing catoms. An ensemble could contain millions or billions of catoms, and because of the way in which they pack, there could be as many as six axes of interconnection.
- 15. CREATING REPLICA Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University also are exploring 3D image capture, in theVirtualized Reality project. They have developed technology that points a set of cameras at an event and enables the viewer to virtually fly around and watch the event from a variety of positions.The DPR researchers believe a similar approach could be used to capture 3D scenes for use in creating physical, moving 3D replicas. At a high level, there are two steps : •Capturing a moving, three-dimensional image and • Rendering it as a physical object.
- 16. CLAYTRONICS :THE RESEARCH Research is underway heading down the path to programmable matter called "CLAYTRONICS" at Carnegie-Mellon University, and "DYNAMIC PHYSICAL RENDERING" at Intel Collaborative Research on “Programmable Matter” is Directed by Carnegie Mellon University and Intel Research >>
- 17. DYNAMIC PHYSICAL RENDERING Real, tangible objects that change physical shape under software control Near-term motivation: Explore an extreme case parallelism,programming, controlling, debugging groups of millions of CPUs Long-term motivation: Create dramatic new forms of user interface,3D visualization, smart antennas, morphable handhelds, etc. Explore 3D models and volumetric imaging data intuitively, directly. Research >> By Intel Collaboration with Carnegie Mellon University
- 18. DPR HARDWARE PROTOTYPES BY INTEL COLLABORATION WITH CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY Two test beds for exploring potential DPR motion approaches Goal: Induce rolling or sliding motion to let modules to rearrange themselves(using magnetic fields from coils or electric fields from capacitor plates) All motion is cooperative – one module always pulls/pushes on another Magnetic field prototypes (5 cm diameter cylinders) one coil two assembled magnet rings 3 magnetic-field prototype modules, move via rolling
- 19. AREA OF EXPERTISE Electrical Engineering Design and Manufacture of Nano-scale robots Physics Structural support and movement Robots/AI Motion planning, collective actuation, grasping Software Engineering
- 20. APPLICATION OF CLAYTRONICS Medicine A replica of your physician could appear in your living room and perform an exam. The virtual doctor would precisely mimic the shape, appearance and movements of your "real" doctor, who is performing the actual work from a remote office. Disaster relief Objects made of programmable matter could be used to perform hazardous work and could morph into different shapes to serve multiple purposes.
- 21. Entertainment A football game, ice skating competition or other sporting event could be replicated in miniature on your coffee table. A movie could be recreated in your living room, and you could insert yourself into the role of one of the actors. 3D physical modelling Physical replicas could replace 3D computer models, which can only be viewed in two dimensions and must be accessed through a keyboard and mouse. Using claytronics, you could reshape or resize a model car or home with your hands, as if you were working with modelling clay.
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