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Topic: Django Introduction Authors: timchen119.nospam.at.gmail.com ( 使徒提姆 ) Location: Taiwan COSCUP 2008 Date: 2008/08/23 Blog: http://timchen119.blogspot.com This document has licensed as CC-SA 2.0

Topic Django Overview Introduce Django Django Status Install Guide Quick Tutorial form processing/generic view/session management/cache system/middleware Django standard library Conclude

Django's MVC term Model -> Model View -> template Controller -> View

Web 「Framework」? A web application framework is a set of software tools and libraries to make it easier to create web applications. They typically provide functionality such as database access, templating and session management. -- wikipedia

Why? CGI Scripting Language (perl,ASP,PHP) Web Framework: Code reuse Separate environment Template MVC pattern

Django or...? (Framework comparisons from Django Blog) http://tinyurl.com/2f847c Person 1: "What do you do for a living?" Person 2: "I work with computers." Person 1: "So do I! What do you do with computers?" Person 2: "I'm a Web developer." Person 1: "So am I! Design, client-side programming or server-side programming?" Person 2: "Server-side programming."

Django or...? (cont.) Person 1: "Same here! Do you use dynamically typed languages or statically typed languages?" Person 2: "Dynamically typed languages." Person 1: "So do I! Do you use a Web framework, or do you roll things on your own?" Person 2: "I use a Web framework."

Django or...? (cont.) Person 1: "So do I! Django or Rails?" Person 2: "Django." Person 1: "Die, heretic scum!" (去死吧異教徒雜碎!)

Warning... One thing is clear, though: everyone's getting stuff done, regardless of their language choice. The whole debate isn't actually about productivity at all, even though most people still think it is. It's about whether you can stand to live in a house where the bed isn't made. -- Steve Yegge

Django's Status January 11, 2006 -- 0.91 July 29, 2006 -- 0.95 ('magic-removal') March 23, 2007 -- 0.96 (cleanup and stabilization 0.95) August 14, 2008 -- 1.0 beta 1. September 2, 2009 -- 1.0 release planned.

New in Django 1.0 newforms-admin Improved Unicode handling Automatic escaping of template variables An improved Django ORM django.contrib.gis -- (GeoDjango, merged into trunk on August 5th, 2008) Pluggable file storage Jython 2.5 support

Install guide Python Django Database System + Database Python Bindings (mysql/postgres/sqlite/oracle) Web Server (apache/lighttpd) mod_python or fastcgi (WSGI actually) Javascript Library (jquery/yui/dojo) Windows -- http://www.instantdjango.com/

Stuff you need to start. Learn Django management tools django-admin.py manage.py Edit Settings.py (setup you env) Basic Models Concept Basic Template Request and response object URLconf (urls.py) Sessions

Create Empty Project django-admin.py startproject TestProj TestProj/ __init__.py manage.py settings.py urls.py

Start to create an application python manage.py startapp TestAP TestProj/TestAP/ __init__.py views.py models.py

How to Create your web application Setup/Create Database Edit settings.py python manage.py syncdb build your ORM model Edit models.py class Msg(models.Model): name = models.CharField(maxlength=64) date = models.DateTimeField('postdate')

How to Create your web application (cont.) Write HTML Template <html><head><title>test</title></head><body> (insert template code here)</body></html> {%if msgs_list %} {% for msg in msgs_list %} {{ msg.name }} at {{msg.date}} </p> <p> {{msg.msgtxt}} </p> {% endfor %} {%else %} <p>No Announce are available {%endif %}

How to Create your web application (cont.) View (controller) Edit views.py def announce_index(request): latest_msg = Msg.objects.all().order_by('date')[:5] return render_to_response('announce.html', {'msgs_list': latest_msg})

How to Create your web application (cont.) URLs management Edit urls.py urlpatterns = patterns( 'TestProj .TestAP.views ', (r ' ^$ ' , ' announce_index ' ) , ('abc', 'announce_index'), (r'^admin/',include('django.contrib.admin.urls')), )

Run,See,and Believe. python manage.py runserver A builtin web server for development. A full database admin console on http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin No more php(xxx)admin! python manage.py rundbshell python manage.py runshell

Web Form Processing Roll your own oldforms Newforms Accessibility Usability Validation Detailed error messages Create forms from models: form_for_model()

Generic View Provide common views of an object without actually needing to write any Python code It's nothing about View in MVC, it’s about reuse controller logic. It’s not MAGIC! Django provide most common patterns and you can extend it.

Reuse your logic "Simple" generic views Date-based generic views List/detail generic views Pagination Create/update/delete generic views You could use it in urls.py or views.py Simple logic => just use it in urls.py!

stateful HTTP Cookies Django session framework User and Auth framework django.contrib.auth Permissions Groups Messages Profiles

Cache system Different cache backend: Database Filesystem Memory Memcached Different cache Scope: Per Site Per View Low Level Cache API to cache part of results (and any python object which can be safely pickled)

Middleware MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES Implies... Classes which is a Middleware Methods middleware defines: __init__ process_request process_view process_response process_exception Django have lots of builtin Middlewares

Django Standard Library django.contrib admin auth comments contenttypes csrf databrowse flatpages formtools humanize

Django Standard Library markup redirects sessions sitemaps sites syndication

Lots of Stuff in django You can Use/Learn/extends User Registration Custom Template Tags/Filters Add Voting and Comments Creating your own Admin Interface Ajax via simplejson Add Complex Model relations RSS / Sitemap Framework Test via Unit test Write Middleware

Lots of Stuff You also need to learn Django won ’ t magically turn you from newbie to Web pros. It just let your life easier. Learn HTML / XHTML. (learn how to struct) Learn CSS / Javascript and get your firebug. (CSS2.1/Prototype/Dojo/YUI/Mochkit/jQuery). Learn Browser.(IE7, IE6, IE5.5, firefox [gecko], opera, Safari) Learn SQL (learn how to maintain/transfer data) Learn Apache / lighttpd / flup / mod_python / Http (learn how to scale) Learn You ’ re not genius. Learn from other (genius) people. Don ’ t reinvent a WORSE wheel.

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