200211 Booosting @Co-Creation Centre - Dow Silicones
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The document discusses the evolution and engineering of silicone facades, highlighting their integral role in building design and performance, including weather tightness, fire rating, and energy efficiency. It details advancements in silicone structural glazing (SSG) technologies and their applications in extreme environmental conditions and building aesthetics. The future directions for silicone use in construction include innovative materials and 3D printing capabilities, emphasizing transparency and durability.
200211 Booosting @Co-Creation Centre - Dow Silicones
- 1. SILICONE FAÇADE ENGINEERING: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Valérie Hayez, DOW SILICONES Delft 11-02-2020
- 2. 1940 ONE SMALL ELEMENT… 2000 1990 1970 1950 1960
- 3. … BUT A GIANT IMPACT FOR BUILDINGS 3 Sealing to ensure Weathertightness Sealing to deliver Acoustic Insulation Sealing to ensure continuity of the Fire Rating of the Building and its envelope Sealing IGU, providing Energy Efficiency and Comfort Bonding glass to frames: acting as a « structural » element In a Sustainable way Enabling full glass façade designs
- 4. SILICONE? 4 Quartz /Sand SiO2 Coal : C CO SiO2 + 2 C Si + 2 CO High Temp. Electrical Arc Oven Si From sand (SiO2) to Silicon Metal (Si)
- 5. SILICONE? 5 Silicon Metal Grinder Reactor Distillation Silicone Oil Methyl Chloride Methanol Water Me2SiCl2 Me3SiCl MeSiCl3 Me2SiCl2 Mixture … MeOH MeCl HCl H2O Si (Me2SiO)n In Out Silicone polymer Polymer Unit From Silicon Metal To Silicone polymer
- 6. SILICONE 6 Si O Si XSi O C H H H C H H H C H H H C HH H C HH H C HH H n X Silicone ≈ siloxane
- 7. • Polymer – Helicoidal Si polymer chain • Crosslinker – Links polymer chains to form a solid rubber after cure. Different crosslinkers are used for different cure systems (acetoxy, methoxy, oxime, etc.) • Catalyst – Affects the rate of reaction • Filler – Reinforcement that provides strength to sealant • Plasticizer – Non-reactive fluid that can add elasticity (and potentially staining). ▪ Adhesion Promoters – Link polymer network to the substrates • Additives – Fungicides, pigments, etc. to provide additional function in sealant SILICONE SEALANT 7 Catalyst Water Methanol Acetic Acid or Oxime Substrate
- 8. SILICONE FUNCTIONALITIES 8 Si O Si XSi O C H H H C H H H C H H H C HH H C HH H C HH H n X 2 Methyl groups = Hydrophobicity Strong Si-O bond = Thermal and UV resistance Wide O-Si-O angle = vapor permeable Low rotation energy = flexibility
- 9. • 1964: Two-sided SSG in shear • Oaklawn Jockey Club, Alabama, USA • Total Vision System EVOLUTION OF SILICONE STRUCTURAL GLAZING (SSG): FIRST STEPS
- 10. • 1971: 1st four-sided SSG • 455 W. Fort St. in Detroit, Michigan, USA • One-part silicone EVOLUTION OF SILICONE STRUCTURAL GLAZING (SSG): FIRST STEPS
- 11. European Parliament, Belgium, 1994-1995 ▪ DOWSIL™ 993, SSG ▪ Bis-annual evaluation of performance of representative small units exposed to similar climatic conditions EVOLUTION OF SILICONE STRUCTURAL GLAZING (SSG): PROVEN PERFORMANCE IFT Rosenheim, Germany, 1985 ▪ DOWSIL™ 983, 4-sided IGU toggle system without deadload support ▪ Full evaluation (ETAG002) after 25 years service life ▪ 50+
- 12. Optimal results at -50°C Princess Elisabeth Station, Antarctic PROVEN PERFORMANCE IN EXTREME CLIMATE Optimal results at +50 ° C Burj Khalifa, UAE In both climates, high UV radiation ©2010EmaarPropertiesPJSC ▪ Gas-filled insulating glass under extreme temperatures
- 13. Architect:PalmerandTurner Curtainwallcontractor:GartnerandBuildersFederalHK 35 years and +100 cyclones 2sided SSG , 40mm DOWSIL™ 795, 1600 x 1280 mm, 5.1 kPa EVOLUTION OF SILICONE STRUCTURAL GLAZING (SSG): EXTREME LOADING Exchange Square, Hong Kong, 1984 2 sided SSG 25mm DOWSIL™ 983, 1500mm*3035mm, 3820Pa Two Harbourfront, Hung Hom, 1993 Damage due to unlocked openable windows, Debris impact, Glass thickness but not due to the SSG Cyclone resistance
- 14. EVOLUTION OF SILICONE STRUCTURAL GLAZING (SSG): EXTREME LOADING 14 Blast resistance
- 15. EVOLUTION OF SILICONE STRUCTURAL GLAZING (SSG): EXTREME LOADING •Besserud, K., Bergers, M., Black, A. J., Carbary, L. D., Mazurek, A., Misson, D., and Rubis, K., “Durability of Cold-Bent Insulating-Glass Units,” Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2012, pp. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI104120. ISSN 1546-962X •2019 GPD: durability of SSG sealant in cold bent glazing design •2020: challenging glass conference ▪ Analytical equations AllianztowerinMilan, Italy,Isozaki+Maffei USAInteractiveFrank Gehry ▪ Knowledge sharing ▪ Experimental validation ▪ Modeling/ FEA ▪ Case studies Cold-bent Glass
- 16. ENABLE TRANSPARENCY PhotoScagliola/Brakkee/NeutelingsRiedijkArchitects Museum aan de Stroom, Antwerpen, Belgium
- 17. ENABLE TRANSPARENCY: DOWSILTM CRYSTAL CLEAR SILICONES Photo: PressGlass Field of rods by Eric Owen Moss Architects, California
- 18. ENABLE TRANSPARENCY Bonding on hot bent glass: Press Glass Photo: PressGlass
- 19. DEFINE ENGINEERS / CARPENTER LOWINGS / seele / sedak/ DOWSIL TSSABonding on thin glass ENABLE TRANSPARENCY GRAVITY
- 21. FUTURE TRANSPARENCY: DOWSIL™ CRYSTAL CLEAR SILICONE SPACER © THERM-IS BIZZOTTO Photo: PressGlass
- 22. ▪ A FULLY cured product, having the unique capability to be reactive towards a primed surface 23 FUTURE TRANSPARENCY: DOWSIL™ CRYSTAL CLEAR SILICONE SPACER <5min Glass Primer Primer has to react with substrate first Glass Crystal clear spacer Spacer has to react with primed surface Crystal clear spacer Glass • Durable chemical adhesion, • Cannot be peeled off (cohesive failure) • Adhesion on glass, stainless steel, mill finish/anodized aluminum, PVC, PC, PMMA, PET, polystyrene Prime substrate <5min Assembly finished Apply spacer
- 23. •Easy mixing and dispensing •Dam & fill Silicone mixing and dispensing •Long pot life •Low voids •No heat Vacuum lamination •Cure at RT •Voids disappear on cure Cure 24 FUTURE TRANSPARENCY: DOWSIL™ CRYSTAL CLEAR SILICONE FOR ENCAPSULATION ▪ 2-Component, self leveling, room temperature curing transparent silicone ▪ Develops room temperature adhesion on glass and metals without primer ▪ No bubble generation even in confined area ▪ Stable properties over wide Temperature range -40°C to 150°C ▪ Durable properties upon heat and UV exposure ▪ Compatible with DOWSIL™ silicones ▪ High Clarity ▪ Impact resistance: up to 3B3 Room temperature silicone lamination for decorative glazing
- 24. 25 FUTURE TRANSPARENCY: DOWSIL™ CRYSTAL CLEAR SILICONE FOR ENCAPSULATION
- 25. 26 FUTURE TRANSPARENCY: 3D PRINTING WITH CLEAR SILICONE ConsumerGoods Consumer& Communication 3DP silicone products are used for applications requiring high precision such as seals or connectors Transportation
- 26. ▪ 3DP silicones can be used in construction, at the Intersection of Design and Performance where Every Node is Geometrically Unique FUTURE TRANSPARENCY: 3D PRINTING WITH CLEAR SILICONE
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