According to surveys, lack of motivation is the top barrier to student success. Around 33% of students at public 4-year colleges and 50% at public 2-year colleges fail to return for their second year. Motivation can be calculated using the formula Value x Expectation. Adults with a 4-year degree earn on average $900,000 more than those with just a high school degree. People often resist setting goals because they don't know how. Effective goals as defined by the DAPPS rule should be specific, achievable, and measurable. A commitment is an unbending intention to overcome obstacles to reach goals through creative methods.