Stu R C8e Ch04
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The document outlines learning topics on global business, including: - Defining attitudes towards global business like parochialism, ethnocentrism, polycentrism, and geocentrism - Regional trade alliances like the EU, NAFTA, Mercosur, and ASEAN - The World Trade Organization and its role in global trade - Types of global organizations like MNCs, TNCs, and borderless organizations - Stages of going global and forms of globalization - Factors of managing in a global environment like culture, legal/political systems, and economics
Stu R C8e Ch04
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- 2. L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. What Your Global Perspective? Define parochialism and explain why it can lead to problems. Contrast ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric attitudes towards global business. Describe the advantage and drawbacks of the three attitudes towards global business Understanding the Global Environment Describe the benefits from free trade. Tell why the European Union began Describe the current status of the European Union Discuss the North American Free Trade Agreement.
- 3. L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Understanding the Global Environment (cont’d) Describe other regional trade alliance in Latin America. Tell about the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Describe other regional trade alliances. Explain the interdependence that globalization involves. Describe the formation of the World Trade Organization. Discuss the role of the WTO. Doing Business Globally Contrast MNCs, TNCs, and borderless organizations. Relate MNCs, TNCs, and borderless organizations to the three attitudes towards global business.
- 4. L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Doing Business Globally Describe the three stages organizations go through as they go global. Define exporting, importing, licensing, and franchising. Describe global strategic alliances, joint ventures, and foreign subsidiaries. Managing in a Global Environment Explain how the global legal-political environment affects managers. Describe the effect of the global economic environment on managers. Discuss Hofstede’s five dimensions for assessing cultures.
- 5. L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Managing in a Global Environment (cont’d) Explain the nine GLOBE dimensions for assessing cultures. Discuss the challenges of doing business globally in today’s world.
- 6. Managing in a Global Environment Challenges Coping with the sudden appearance of new competitors Acknowledging cultural, political, and economic differences Dealing with increased uncertainty, fear, and anxiety Adapting to changes in the global environment Avoiding parochialism
- 7. Adopting a Global Perspective Ethnocentric Attitude The parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country. Polycentric Attitude The view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business. Geocentric Attitude A world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe.
- 8. Regional Trading Agreements The European Union (EU) A unified economic and trade entity Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Finland, and Sweden Economic and monetary union (Euro) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Eliminated barriers to free trade (tariffs, import licensing requirements, and customs user fees) United States, Canada, and Mexico
- 9. Regional Trading Agreements (cont’d) Free Trade Area of the Americas Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Trading alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations African Union
- 10. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995. Functions as the only global organization dealing with the rules of trade among nations. Has 145 member nations. Monitors and promotes world trade.
- 11. Different Types of Global Organizations Multinational Corporation (MNC) A firm which maintains operations in multiple countries but manages the operations from a base in the home country. Transnational Corporation (TNC) A firm that maintains operations in several countries but decentralizes management to the local country. Borderless Organization A firm that has eliminated structural divisions that impose artificial geographic barriers and is organized along business lines.
- 12. How Organizations Go Global Three Stages of Globalization Stage I Exporting products for sale overseas and importing products from overseas to sell in the home country. Stage II Committing to directly sell home-country products in overseas markets or contracting for products to be manufactured overseas and sold in the home country. Stage III Licensing manufacturing and franchising services to foreign firms to use the brand name, technology, or product specifications developed by the firm.
- 13. Other Forms of Globalization Strategic Alliances Partnerships between and organization and a foreign company in which both share resources and knowledge in developing new products or building new production facilities. Joint Venture A specific type of strategic alliance in which the partners agree to form a separate, independent organization for some business purpose.
- 14. Managing in A Global Environment The Legal Environment Stability or instability of legal and political systems Legal procedures are established and followed Fair and honest elections held on a regular basis Differences in the laws of various nations Effects on business activities Effects on delivery of products and services
- 15. The Economic Environment Economic Systems Market economy An economy in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector. Command economy An economy in which all economic decisions are planned by a central government. Monetary and Financial Factors Currency exchange rates Inflation rates Diverse tax policies
- 16. The Cultural Environment National Culture Is the values and attitudes shared by individuals from a specific country that shape their behavior and their beliefs about what is important. May have more influence on an organization than the organization culture.
- 17. Hofstede’s Framework for Assessing Cultures Individualism versus Collectivism Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Quantity versus Quality of Life Long-term versus Short-term Orientation Individualism: the degree to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals. Collectivism: a social framework in which
- 18. The GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) Framework for Assessing Cultures Assertiveness Future orientation Gender differentiation Uncertainty avoidance Power distance Individualism/collectivism In-group collectivism Performance orientation Humane orientation