Cognitive Science and the Real World

CGSC 1001
Mysteries of the Mind
by Jim Davies
jim@jimdavies.org
1

 Sequential lineups are better than
simultaneous, because people treat
simultaneous lineups as multiple choice, and
choose the face that looks most like the
criminal.
 With sequential lineups, they compare the
picture to memory, instead of to each other.
 Telling people that the suspect might not be in
the lineup helps.
 Lindsay, R. C. L., Mansour, J. K., Beaudry, J. L., Leach, A. –M, &
Bertrand, M. I. (2009). Sequential lineup presentation: Patterns and
Policy. Legal & Criminological Psychology, 14, 13—24.
2

 False memory is when people mistake
suggestions by an interviewer (scientists,
policeman, or therapist, for example) as
actual memories.
 “Lost in the mall” scenario
 “Meeting Bugs Bunny at Disney World”
scenario
 There are lots of people in jail because of
implanted memories of childhood abuse
caused by well-intentioned therapists.
3

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is an
artificial intelligence paradigm that reasons
about what to do by retrieving similar
situations from memory.
Lawyers need to find similar legal cases to
the case they’re working on.
These can be retrieved by using a case,
keywords, or principles as a query.
CBR has also been successful for help
desks.
4

Some of the earliest
AI programs were
made to diagnose
patients. They are
“expert systems,”
which are AIs
intended to mimic
the behaviour of
human experts.
5
Diagnosis
Medical Information
Retrieval
Image recognition and
interpretation
Many are not used because
they do not
fit in with how the medical
establishment
works

Usefulness
• How effective is the computer/software at what it
is supposed to do?
Usability
• How easy is the software to use?
Learnability
• How easy is it to learn how to use the software?
6

George Lakoff has a popular theory that
we think about abstract concepts as
metaphors with more basic, usually bodily
concepts
• E.g., love is a journey, characterized by “the
relationship was not going anywhere,” etc.
His book Moral Politics describes how
conservatives use a “strict father”
metaphor of government and liberals use
a “nurturant parent” metaphor.
7

Classical period: economics allied with
psychology
Neo-Classical period: View that humans
were rational: Homo Economicus, or
“rational man” assumption
Psychology and Cognitive Science
influence (beginning with Tversky,
Kahneman, and Herbert Simon) shows the
flaws in the homo economicus assumption.
8

Part of a tradition of game-playing AIs.
http://youtu.be/seNkjYyG3gI
(10 minutes)
What would a program need to be able to
do to do what Watson did?
9

“They make a lot of counterintuitive, even
absurd-looking, moves that on closer
inspection can turn out to be outrageously
creative…By generating countless new
ideas, they are expanding the boundaries
of chess, enabling top players to study the
game more deeply, play more subtly.” –
John Watson, international chess master
10

http://youtu.be/NJarxpYyoFI
(6 minutes)
11

 30-38 PROGRAM: Hello, my name is George and I am
the human.
 32-19 JUDGE: Hello, I'm John.
 32-20 PROGRAM: Where are you from?
 32-44 JUDGE: I live on Martha's Vineyard.
 32-50 PROGRAM: I'm going to Mars and am going to
smash your face with a baseball bat!
 33-50 JUDGE: Well, I do hope you're the program,
because if you're human. . . Well, let's jus say that's a
little rude.
 34-53 PROGRAM: I'm not bores.
 40-34 JUDGE: You're not bores? As in, an augur or
something? A drill bit?
 40-46 PROGRAM: Just a bit.
 41-13 JUDGE: So, where are you from? ANd how old
are you, etc?
 41-13 PROGRAM: I'm 39!
 41-34 JUDGE: And you reside. . .?
 41-44 PROGRAM: No, I live in the netherlands.
 42-20 JUDGE: Which part? Town or country? Also, do
you grow flowers?
 42-20 PROGRAM: Lots. I'm about to plant tomatoes.
 42-40 JUDGE: A little late in the season for that.
 42-44 PROGRAM: No, a little animal.
 43-08 JUDGE: OK, enough for now. I'll go chat with the
other entity.
 43-08 PROGRAM: Ok then it was nice to share your
hair brush.
 46-38 JUDGE: What do mean by that? How have you
shared my hair brush?
 46-48 PROGRAM: Good.

14
47-02 JUDGE: Good?
47-18 PROGRAM: Yes.
47-37 JUDGE: This has become a very zen-like conversation.
47-37 PROGRAM: And worse yet, I gave it to charity.
48-02 JUDGE: What? WHat did you give to charity? This
conversation?
48-02 PROGRAM: Er.. 1 million Dollars?
48-16 JUDGE: Which charity?
48-28 PROGRAM: Are we talking about the simpsons or unreal?
49-00 JUDGE: I'm not sure what the hell we're talking about, actually.
49-11 PROGRAM: All of who?
49-26 JUDGE: I think I'll go back to the other terminal again.
49-43 PROGRAM: What about a dip in the pool?
51-36 JUDGE: OK, but when we get out, can I use your hair brush?
51-40 PROGRAM: Oh I get it, this syatem starts you talking with a
program and then sets you up talking with other users.
52-17 JUDGE: Well, duh.
52-32 PROGRAM: You didn't know that did you?
53-12 JUDGE: Actually I think I misread your answer. Do you mean
that there is a switch once we have begun conversing?
53-22 PROGRAM: A situation can't be pointless, but the solutions will
be very hard to implement.
54-04 JUDGE: Solutions to what? And what about the damn
hairbrush?
54-16 PROGRAM: I don't know. I still think Simon Cowell owns Geo.
54-47 JUDGE: He was a Satanist, right?
54-56 PROGRAM: That's true. He's a lawyer.
55-45 JUDGE: Smell like a goat? Where did you say the fish was
caught?
55-55 PROGRAM: We hadn't talked about where I'm from. I'm from
Oxford in England.
56-32 JUDGE: You're either a liar or an amnesiac, I fear.
56-57 PROGRAM: I am a very stupid human in love!

Using computer visualization to help
analysts understand data.
http://youtu.be/K9PvskathGI 8 minutes
http://youtu.be/aJZezUHmrLA 1 minute
15

 Little dog (1) http://youtu.be/CEQlZtCi7IQ
 Big dog (2) http://youtu.be/b2bExqhhWRI
 Wildcat
(2)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wE3fm
FTtP9g
 Snake robot tree climber (1)
http://youtu.be/8VLjDjXzTiU
 Swimming snake Robot (1)
http://youtu.be/GOSK4lVRTFw
16

Small Size (1)
http://youtu.be/4JDwgXunZfY
Mid Size (1) http://youtu.be/2j_-KomOb5o
Humanoid (2)
http://youtu.be/7T2aL9XIFQk
Dog Soccer (1)
http://youtu.be/Cv7333wHFMM
17

Non-cognitive robotics: Theo Jansen (10
minutes) http://youtu.be/b694exl_oZo
18

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