Tracing Networks: Ontology Software in a Nutshell
- 1. Tracing Networks Yi Hong Department of Computer Science University of Leicester Introduction to ontology-based database and software application
- 2. Semantic Web “ Semantic web is an evolution to the current web and provide new information representation feature.” Current web Document-centric Human readers Syntax (Schema) HTML, XML etc. Semantic web Knowledge representation Machine readable Semantics (Ontology) RDF, OWL etc Tracing Networks programme
- 3. Ontology What is an ontology? “ An ontology is a formal specification of a conceptualization” -Thomas Gruber Domain ontology e.g. (CIDOC-CRM for archaeology, Gene, GXO for Genetics) Ontology Concepts Specified by Describes Modelled by Domain
- 4. Relational database vs Ontology-based database Image on a ceramic vessel found at Sopron-Várhely (provided by Katharina) Example : Image tagging and search for human representation database
- 5. Object ID: 15 Inventory number: 443 Excavation site: Sopron-Várhely (N47.66519, E16.518044 Hungary) Human figure (individuals) rider wagon guide wagon rider Animal 2 horses 1 horse Material: ceramic Technology: Incised ` etc. ……… . (60+ attributes) Data Relational database vs Ontology-based database
- 6. Relational database vs Ontology-based database Database schema Entity-relationship diagram Relational database (MS Access 2007) tables, fields (columns) Data Data primary-foreign key pairs
- 7. Relational vs Ontology-based database MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, MS Access etc Jena SDB, virtuoso universal server, RDF/OWL document Database Schema (table, field, key) Ontology (class, property, individual) records triples (RDF graph) Data Structure Basic elements Database products Data storage Relational Database Ontology-based Database (Triple store)
- 8. Ontology Semantics Class Property Individual
- 9. Ontology A Triple is: Basic element in the ontology world. contains three parts: subject, predicate and object .
- 10. Ontology A Triple is: Basic element in the ontology world. contains three parts: subject, predicate and object .
- 11. Ontology RDF Graph A set of triples become a graph An ontology-based database is a graph
- 12. Relational database vs Ontology-based database (Protégé Ontology Editor) http://protege.stanford.edu/
- 13. Relational vs Ontology-based database SQL generate query Database Query language SPARQL generate query Query Interface Text-based keywords+ options Graph pattern Search Relational Database Ontology-based Database (Triple store)
- 14. Why use ontology? Problem with traditional keyword search Ambiguous semantics Labelling objects rather than relationship Tags: cat , mouse,
- 15. Why use ontology? Problem with traditional keyword search Ambiguous semantics Labelling objects rather than relationship Tags: cat , mouse,
- 16. Why use ontology? Problem with traditional keyword search Ambiguous semantics Labelling objects rather than relationship Tags: cat , mouse,
- 17. Why use ontology? Problem with traditional keyword search Ambiguous semantics Labelling objects rather than relationship Tags: cat , mouse, chase? Who is chasing who?
- 18. Why use ontology? Problem with traditional keyword search Difficult to describe complex and arbitrary query Unable to perform automatic reasoning Query: “ Display images with an animal and a person on them, along with what is happening between them" rider horse
- 19. Why use ontology? Single user Mode vs Collaborative Mode Degree of uncertainty User credibility and expertise definitely a horse! probably a fox ? Domain-specific expertise index = E(d) Degree of uncertainty = CF horse Tagged area 95% Is a
- 20. Query results visualisation - Geo-mapping Keyhole Markup Language (KML/KMZ) http://code.google.co m/apis/kml/documentation/ XML-based language . Supports place marks, images, polygons, 3D models, textual descriptions Compatibility Google Map Google Maps for Mobile Google Earth ESRI ArcGIS Explorer,
- 21. Query results visualisation - Statistical charts Google Chart API http://code.google.com/apis/chart/ Interactive Flash Javascript arrays or XML files Compatibility Most mainstream browsers Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Chrome
- 22. Ontology-based software demo Semantic tagging Query by graph pattern Integration with Google earth Statistical charts
- 24. Links A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology By Stanford University http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontology-tutorial-noy-mcguinness-abstract.html Protégé Ontology editor http://protege.stanford.edu/ (Version 3.4.* ) Protégé tutorial http://owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk/tutorials/protegeowltutorial/ CIDOC-CRM ontology An ontology for culture and heritage domain http://www.cidoc-crm.org/ KML guide and tutorial http://code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation/kml_tut.html